干货 | 京东云Kubernetes集群+Traefik实战

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摘 要

Traefik支持丰富的annotations配置，可配置众多出色的特性，例如：自动熔断、负载均衡策略、黑名单、白名单。所以Traefik对于微服务来说简直就是一神器。

利用Traefik，并结合京东云Kubernetes集群及其他云服务（RDS，NAS，OSS，块存储等），可快速构建弹性扩展的微服务集群。

Traefik是一个为了让部署微服务更加便捷而诞生的现代HTTP反向代理、负载均衡工具。它支持多种后台（Kubernetes，Docker，Swarm，Marathon，Mesos，Consul，Etcd，Zookeeper等）。

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本文大致步骤如下：

• Kubernetes权限配置（RBAC）；

• Traefik部署；

• 创建三个实例服务；

• 生成Ingress规则，并通过PATH测试通过Traefik访问各个服务；

• Traefik配置域名及TLS证书，并实现HTTP重定向到HTTS。

本文部署Traefik使用到的Yaml文件均基于Traefik官方实例，并为适配京东云Kubernetes集群做了相关修改：

https://github.com/containous/traefik/tree/master/examples/k8s

基本概念

1 Ingress边界路由

虽然Kubernetes集群内部署的pod、server都有自己的IP，但是却无法提供外网访问，虽然我们可以通过监听NodePort的方式暴露服务，但是这种方式并不灵活，生产环境也不建议使用。

Ingresss是k8s集群中的一个API资源对象，扮演边缘路由器(edge router)的角色，也可以理解为集群防火墙、集群网关，我们可以自定义路由规则来转发、管理、暴露服务(一组Pod)，非常灵活，生产环境建议使用这种方式。

什么是Ingress？

在Kubernetes中，Service和Pod的IP地址仅可以在集群网络内部使用，对于集群外的应用是不可见的。为了使外部的应用能够访问集群内的服务，在Kubernetes中可以通过NodePort和LoadBalancer这两种类型的Service，或者使用Ingress。

Ingress本质是通过http代理服务器将外部的http请求转发到集群内部的后端服务。通过Ingress，外部应用访问群集内容服务的过程如下所示：

Ingress 就是为进入集群的请求提供路由规则的集合。

Ingress 可以给 Service 提供集群外部访问的URL、负载均衡、SSL终止、HTTP路由等。为了配置这些 Ingress 规则，集群管理员需要部署一个 Ingress controller，它监听 Ingress 和 Service 的变化，并根据规则配置负载均衡并提供访问入口。

2 Traefik是什么？

Traefik在Github上Star数超19K：

https://github.com/containous/traefik

Traefik is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer designed for deploying microservices.

Traefik是一个为了让部署微服务更加便捷而诞生的现代HTTP反向代理、负载均衡工具。

Traefik是一个用Golang开发的轻量级的Http反向代理和负载均衡器，虽然相比于Nginx，它是后起之秀，但是它天然拥抱Kubernetes，直接与集群K8s的Api Server通信，反应非常迅速，同时还提供了友好的控制面板和监控界面，不仅可以方便地查看Traefik根据Ingress生成的路由配置信息，还可以查看统计的一些性能指标数据，如：总响应时间、平均响应时间、不同的响应码返回的总次数等。

不仅如此，Traefik还支持丰富的annotations配置，可配置众多出色的特性，例如：自动熔断、负载均衡策略、黑名单、白名单。所以Traefik对于微服务来说简直就是一神器。

Traefik User Guide for Kubernetes：

https://docs.traefik.io/user-guide/kubernetes/

3 京东云Kubernetes集群

京东云Kubernetes整合京东云虚拟化、存储和网络能力，提供高性能可伸缩的容器应用管理能力，简化集群的搭建和扩容等工作，让用户专注于容器化的应用的开发与管理。

用户可以在京东云创建一个安全高可用的 Kubernetes 集群，并由京东云完全托管 Kubernetes 服务，并保证集群的稳定性和可靠性。让用户可以方便地在京东云上使用 Kubernetes 管理容器应用。

京东云Kubernetes集群：

https://3.cn/C5KdrKa

前置条件

1 创建京东云Kubernetes集群

创建Kubernetes集群

请参考：

https://docs.jdcloud.com/cn/jcs-for-kubernetes/create-to-cluster

2 Kubernetes客户端配置

集群创建完成后，需要配置kubectl客户端以连接Kubernetes集群。

请参考：

https://docs.jdcloud.com/cn/jcs-for-kubernetes/connect-to-cluster

Traefik部署

1 权限配置

创建响应的Cluster Role和Cluster Role Binding，以赋予Traefik足够的权限。

Yaml文件如下：

  1$ cat traefik-rbac.yaml
 2---
 3kind: ClusterRole
 4apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
 5metadata:
 6  name: traefik-ingress-controller
 7rules:
 8  - apiGroups:
 9      - ""
10    resources:
11      - services
12      - endpoints
13      - secrets
14    verbs:
15      - get
16      - list
17      - watch
18  - apiGroups:
19      - extensions
20    resources:
21      - ingresses
22    verbs:
23      - get
24      - list
25      - watch
26---
27kind: ClusterRoleBinding
28apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
29metadata:
30  name: traefik-ingress-controller
31roleRef:
32  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
33  kind: ClusterRole
34  name: traefik-ingress-controller
35subjects:
36- kind: ServiceAccount
37  name: traefik-ingress-controller
38  namespace: kube-system

开始创建

1$ kubectl create -f traefik-rbac.yaml 
2clusterrole "traefik-ingress-controller" created
3clusterrolebinding "traefik-ingress-controller" created

创建成功

1$ kubectl get clusterrole -n kube-system | grep traefik
2traefik-ingress-controller                                             25s
3
4$ kubectl get clusterrolebinding -n kube-system | grep traefik
5traefik-ingress-controller                             35s

** 2 部署Traefik**

本文选择使用Deployment部署Traefik。除此之外，Traefik还提供了DaemonSet的部署方式：

https://github.com/containous/traefik/blob/master/examples/k8s/traefik-ds.yaml

Traefik的80端口为接收HTTP请求，8080端口为Dashboard访问端口；通过Load Balancer类型的Service创建京东云负载均衡SLB，来作为K8s集群的统一入口。

Yaml文件如下：

 1$ cat traefik-deployment.yaml 
 2---
 3apiVersion: v1
 4kind: ServiceAccount
 5metadata:
 6  name: traefik-ingress-controller
 7  namespace: kube-system
 8---
 9kind: Deployment
10apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
11metadata:
12  name: traefik-ingress-controller
13  namespace: kube-system
14  labels:
15    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
16spec:
17  replicas: 1
18  selector:
19    matchLabels:
20      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
21  template:
22    metadata:
23      labels:
24        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
25        name: traefik-ingress-lb
26    spec:
27      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
28      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
29      containers:
30      - image: traefik
31        name: traefik-ingress-lb
32        ports:
33        - name: http
34          containerPort: 80
35        - name: admin
36          containerPort: 8080
37        args:
38        - --api
39        - --kubernetes
40        - --logLevel=INFO
41---
42kind: Service
43apiVersion: v1
44metadata:
45  name: traefik-ingress-service
46  namespace: kube-system
47spec:
48  selector:
49    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
50  ports:
51    - protocol: TCP
52      port: 80
53      name: web
54    - protocol: TCP
55      port: 8080
56      name: admin
57  type: LoadBalancer

开始创建

1$ kubectl create -f traefik-deployment.yaml 
2serviceaccount "traefik-ingress-controller" created
3deployment "traefik-ingress-controller" created
4service "traefik-ingress-service" created

Pod正常运行

1$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep traefik
2traefik-ingress-controller-668679b744-jvmbg   1/1       Running   0          57s
 
 
查看Pod日志
 
 
 1$ kubectl logs traefik-ingress-controller-668679b744-jvmbg -n kube-system 2time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Traefik version v1.7.6 built on 2018-12-14_06:43:37AM" 3time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="\nStats collection is disabled.\nHelp us improve Traefik by turning this feature on :)\nMore details on: https://docs.traefik.io/basics/#collected-data\n" 4time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Preparing server http &{Address::80 TLS: Redirect: Auth: WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList: Compress:false ProxyProtocol: ForwardedHeaders:0xc0005f9e20} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s" 5time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Preparing server traefik &{Address::8080 TLS: Redirect: Auth: WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList: Compress:false ProxyProtocol: ForwardedHeaders:0xc0005f9e40} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s" 6time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Starting provider configuration.ProviderAggregator {}" 7time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Starting server on :80" 8time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Starting server on :8080" 9time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Starting provider *kubernetes.Provider {\"Watch\":true,\"Filename\":\"\",\"Constraints\":[],\"Trace\":false,\"TemplateVersion\":0,\"DebugLogGeneratedTemplate\":false,\"Endpoint\":\"\",\"Token\":\"\",\"CertAuthFilePath\":\"\",\"DisablePassHostHeaders\":false,\"EnablePassTLSCert\":false,\"Namespaces\":null,\"LabelSelector\":\"\",\"IngressClass\":\"\",\"IngressEndpoint\":null}"10time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="ingress label selector is: \"\""11time="2018-12-15T16:58:49Z" level=info msg="Creating in-cluster Provider client"12time="2018-12-15T16:58:50Z" level=info msg="Server configuration reloaded on :80"13time="2018-12-15T16:58:50Z" level=info msg="Server configuration reloaded on :8080"
 
 
查看Traefik对应的SLB Service
 
 
1$ kubectl get svc/traefik-ingress-service -n kube-system2NAME                      TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)                       AGE3traefik-ingress-service   LoadBalancer   10.0.58.175   114.67.95.167   80:30331/TCP,8080:30232/TCP   2m
 
 
京东云负载均衡的公网IP为114.67.95.167。
 
 
如果需要通过域名访问K8s内的服务，则可以通过将域名解析至该公网IP。
 
 
此时，通过“公网IP:8080”便可以访问Traefik的Dashboard。
 
 
** 3 Traefik使用示例**
 
 
创建服务
 
 
创建3个Deployment对外提供HTTP服务，分别名为：Stilton、Cheddar、Wensleydale。
 
 
  1$ cat cheese-deployments.yaml  2---  3kind: Deployment  4apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1  5metadata:  6  name: stilton  7  labels:  8    app: cheese  9    cheese: stilton 10spec: 11  replicas: 2 12  selector: 13    matchLabels: 14      app: cheese 15      task: stilton 16  template: 17    metadata: 18      labels: 19        app: cheese 20        task: stilton 21        version: v0.0.1 22    spec: 23      containers: 24      - name: cheese 25        image: errm/cheese:stilton 26        resources: 27          requests: 28            cpu: 100m 29            memory: 50Mi 30          limits: 31            cpu: 100m 32            memory: 50Mi 33        ports: 34        - containerPort: 80 35--- 36kind: Deployment 37apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 38metadata: 39  name: cheddar 40  labels: 41    app: cheese 42    cheese: cheddar 43spec: 44  replicas: 2 45  selector: 46    matchLabels: 47      app: cheese 48      task: cheddar 49  template: 50    metadata: 51      labels: 52        app: cheese 53        task: cheddar 54        version: v0.0.1 55    spec: 56      containers: 57      - name: cheese 58        image: errm/cheese:cheddar 59        resources: 60          requests: 61            cpu: 100m 62            memory: 50Mi 63          limits: 64            cpu: 100m 65            memory: 50Mi 66        ports: 67        - containerPort: 80 68--- 69kind: Deployment 70apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 71metadata: 72  name: wensleydale 73  labels: 74    app: cheese 75    cheese: wensleydale 76spec: 77  replicas: 2 78  selector: 79    matchLabels: 80      app: cheese 81      task: wensleydale 82  template: 83    metadata: 84      labels: 85        app: cheese 86        task: wensleydale 87        version: v0.0.1 88    spec: 89      containers: 90      - name: cheese 91        image: errm/cheese:wensleydale 92        resources: 93          requests: 94            cpu: 100m 95            memory: 50Mi 96          limits: 97            cpu: 100m 98            memory: 50Mi 99        ports:100        - containerPort: 80
 
 
1$ kubectl create -f cheese-deployments.yaml 2deployment "stilton" created3deployment "cheddar" created4deployment "wensleydale" created
 
 
对应的Service
 
 
 1$ cat cheese-services.yaml 2--- 3apiVersion: v1 4kind: Service 5metadata: 6  name: stilton 7spec: 8  ports: 9  - name: http10    targetPort: 8011    port: 8012  selector:13    app: cheese14    task: stilton15---16apiVersion: v117kind: Service18metadata:19  name: cheddar20spec:21  ports:22  - name: http23    targetPort: 8024    port: 8025  selector:26    app: cheese27    task: cheddar28---29apiVersion: v130kind: Service31metadata:32  name: wensleydale33spec:34  ports:35  - name: http36    targetPort: 8037    port: 8038  selector:39    app: cheese40    task: wensleydale
 
 
1$ kubectl create -f cheese-services.yaml 2service "stilton" created3service "cheddar" created4service "wensleydale" created
 
 
创建Ingress
 
 
Ingress Yaml文件如下：
 
 
 1$ cat my-cheeses-ingress.yaml 2apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 3kind: Ingress 4metadata: 5  name: cheeses 6  annotations: 7    traefik.frontend.rule.type: PathPrefixStrip 8spec: 9  rules:10  - host: www..com 11    http:12      paths:13      - path: /stilton14        backend:15          serviceName: stilton16          servicePort: http17      - path: /cheddar18        backend:19          serviceName: cheddar20          servicePort: http21      - path: /wensleydale22        backend:23          serviceName: wensleydale24          servicePort: http
 
 
创建Ingress
 
 
1$ kubectl create -f my-cheeses-ingress.yaml 2ingress "cheeses" created
 
 
创建成功
 
 
 1$ kubectl describe ingress/cheeses 2Name:             cheeses 3Namespace:        default 4Address:           5Default backend:  default-http-backend:80 () 6Rules: 7  Host             Path  Backends 8  ----             ----  -------- 9  www..com  10                   /stilton       stilton:http ()11                   /cheddar       cheddar:http ()12                   /wensleydale   wensleydale:http ()13Annotations:14Events:  
 
 
访问服务
 
 
直接通过ELB IP+PATH访问：
 
 
1$ curl 114.67.95.167/stilton2404 page not found
 
 
访问失败，因为Ingress规则里指定了host。
 
 
请求Header中指定host：
 
 
 1$ curl -H "Host:www..com" 114.67.95.167/stilton
 2
 3  
 4    
21  
22  
23    
Stilton
24  
25
 
 
访问成功。
 
 
但是由于域名未备案，这种方式会被京东云拦截。
 
 
两种方式：
 一****、Ingress里移除指定host；
 二、****注册域名，并绑定证书及私钥。
 
 
从Ingress中移除host
 
 
将host字段注释掉：
 
 
 1$ cat my-cheeses-ingress.yaml 
 2apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 3kind: Ingress
 4metadata:
 5  name: cheeses
 6  annotations:
 7    traefik.frontend.rule.type: PathPrefixStrip
 8spec:
 9  rules:
10#  - host: www..com 
11  - http:
12      paths:
13      - path: /stilton
14        backend:
15          serviceName: stilton
16          servicePort: http
17      - path: /cheddar
18        backend:
19          serviceName: cheddar
20          servicePort: http
21      - path: /wensleydale
22        backend:
23          serviceName: wensleydale
24          servicePort: http
 
 
重建Ingress
 
 
1$ kubectl replace -f my-cheeses-ingress.yaml 
2ingress "cheeses" replaced
3$ kubectl get ingress
4NAME      HOSTS     ADDRESS   PORTS     AGE
5cheeses   *                   80        18m
 
 
Ingress更新成功，通过公网IP+PATH访问。
 
 
Stilton服务
 
 
1$ curl -I 114.67.95.167/stilton
2HTTP/1.1 200 OK
3Accept-Ranges: bytes
4Content-Length: 517
5Content-Type: text/html
6Date: Thu, 20 Dec 2018 06:19:15 GMT
7Etag: "5784f6c9-205"
8Last-Modified: Tue, 12 Jul 2016 13:55:21 GMT
9Server: nginx/1.11.1
 
 
Cheddar服务
 
 
1$ curl -I 114.67.95.167/cheddar
2HTTP/1.1 200 OK
3Accept-Ranges: bytes
4Content-Length: 517
5Content-Type: text/html
6Date: Thu, 20 Dec 2018 06:19:54 GMT
7Etag: "5784f6e1-205"
8Last-Modified: Tue, 12 Jul 2016 13:55:45 GMT
9Server: nginx/1.11.1
 
 
Wensleydale服务
 
 
1$ curl -I 114.67.95.167/wensleydale
2HTTP/1.1 200 OK
3Accept-Ranges: bytes
4Content-Length: 521
5Content-Type: text/html
6Date: Thu, 20 Dec 2018 06:20:00 GMT
7Etag: "5784f6fb-209"
8Last-Modified: Tue, 12 Jul 2016 13:56:11 GMT
9Server: nginx/1.11.1
 
 

三个服务均可通过/正常访问。

配置域名及证书

申请域名：.com，并在京东云上备案，并解析到SLB公网IP：114.67.95.167

证书和私钥

1$ ll *.pem
2-rw-r--r-- 1 pmo_jd_a pmo_jd_a 3554 Dec 20 16:04 fullchain.pem
3-rw------- 1 pmo_jd_a pmo_jd_a 1708 Dec 20 16:04 privkey.pem

创建Secret保存证书和私钥：

1$ kubectl create secret generic traefik-cert --from-file=fullchain.pem --from-file=privkey.pem -n kube-system
2secret "traefik-cert" created

Traefik配置文件(HTTP访问重定向到HTTPS，证书及私钥存放在/ssl/目录下，需要Secret挂载到该目录以供Traefik读取)：

  1# cat traefik.toml
 2defaultEntryPoints = ["http","https"]
 3[entryPoints]
 4  [entryPoints.http]
 5  address = ":80"
 6    [entryPoints.http.redirect]
 7      entryPoint = "https"
 8  [entryPoints.https]
 9  address = ":443"
10    [entryPoints.https.tls]
11      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
12      CertFile = "/ssl/fullchain.pem"
13      KeyFile = "/ssl/privkey.pem"

创建ConfigMap用于保存配置文件traefik.toml：

1$ kubectl create configmap traefik-conf --from-file=traefik.toml -n kube-system
2configmap "traefik-conf" created

需要重新部署Traefik，新的Yaml文件如下：

 1$ cat traefik-deployment-new.yaml
 2kind: Deployment
 3apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 4metadata:
 5  name: traefik-ingress-controller
 6  namespace: kube-system
 7  labels:
 8    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
 9spec:
10  replicas: 1
11  selector:
12    matchLabels:
13      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
14  template:
15    metadata:
16      labels:
17        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
18        name: traefik-ingress-lb
19    spec:
20      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
21      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
22      containers:
23      - image: traefik
24        name: traefik-ingress-lb
25        ports:
26        - name: http
27          containerPort: 80
28        - name: admin
29          containerPort: 8080
30        args:
31        - --api
32        - --kubernetes
33        - --logLevel=INFO
34        - --configfile=/config/traefik.toml
35        volumeMounts:
36        - mountPath: "/ssl"
37          name: "ssl"
38        - mountPath: "/config"
39          name: "config"
40      volumes:
41      - name: ssl
42        secret:
43          secretName: traefik-cert
44      - name: config
45        configMap:
46          name: traefik-conf

重新部署：

1$ kubectl replace -f traefik-deployment-new.yaml 
2deployment "traefik-ingress-controller" replaced
3$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep traefik
4traefik-ingress-controller-668679b744-jvmbg   0/1       Terminating         0          4d
5traefik-ingress-controller-7d6cd769c9-2p57t   0/1       ContainerCreating   0          3s
6$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep traefik
7traefik-ingress-controller-7d6cd769c9-2p57t   1/1       Running   0          19s

重新部署的Pod正常running。

查看Pod日志

 $ kubectl logs traefik-ingress-controller-7d6cd769c9-2p57t -n kube-system
 2time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Preparing server traefik &{Address::8080 TLS: Redirect: Auth: WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList: Compress:false ProxyProtocol: ForwardedHeaders:0xc00072dbc0} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s"
 3time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Preparing server http &{Address::80 TLS: Redirect:0xc00059de40 Auth: WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList: Compress:false ProxyProtocol: ForwardedHeaders:0xc00072db80} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s"
 4time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Preparing server https &{Address::443 TLS:0xc000216c60 Redirect: Auth: WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList: Compress:false ProxyProtocol: ForwardedHeaders:0xc00072dba0} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s"
 5time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Starting provider configuration.ProviderAggregator {}"
 6time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Starting server on :8080"
 7time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Starting server on :80"
 8time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Starting server on :443"
 9time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Starting provider *kubernetes.Provider {\"Watch\":true,\"Filename\":\"\",\"Constraints\":[],\"Trace\":false,\"TemplateVersion\":0,\"DebugLogGeneratedTemplate\":false,\"Endpoint\":\"\",\"Token\":\"\",\"CertAuthFilePath\":\"\",\"DisablePassHostHeaders\":false,\"EnablePassTLSCert\":false,\"Namespaces\":null,\"LabelSelector\":\"\",\"IngressClass\":\"\",\"IngressEndpoint\":null}"
10time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="ingress label selector is: \"\""
11time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Creating in-cluster Provider client"
12time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Server configuration reloaded on :8080"
13time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Server configuration reloaded on :80"
14time="2018-12-20T09:29:30Z" level=info msg="Server configuration reloaded on :443"

更新Ingress

 $ cat my-cheeses-ingress.yaml
 2apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 3kind: Ingress
 4metadata:
 5  name: cheeses
 6  annotations:
 7    traefik.frontend.rule.type: PathPrefixStrip
 8spec:
 9  rules:
10  - host: www..com 
11    http:
12      paths:
13      - path: /stilton
14        backend:
15          serviceName: stilton
16          servicePort: http
17      - path: /cheddar
18        backend:
19          serviceName: cheddar
20          servicePort: http
21      - path: /wensleydale
22        backend:
23          serviceName: wensleydale
24          servicePort: http

重建Ingress

1$ kubectl replace -f my-cheeses-ingress.yaml

更新Traefik Service，开放443端口：

1$ kubectl apply -f traefik-service.yaml -n kube-system
2Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply
3service "traefik-ingress-service" configured

应用Service更新：

1$ kubectl apply -f traefik-service.yaml -n kube-system2Warning: kubectl apply should be used on resource created by either kubectl create --save-config or kubectl apply3service "traefik-ingress-service" configured

HTTPS访问：

https://www.your-domain-name.com/stilton

以及HTTP：

http://www.your-domain-name.com/stilton

image

image

均可正常访问，且HTTP访问会被重定向到HTTPS。

总结:

本文仅测试了traefik的路由分发，当然traefik的功能远远不止于此，其大致特性如下：

• 它非常快~~~

• 无需安装其他依赖，通过Go语言编写的单一可执行文件

• 支持 Rest API

• 多种后台支持：Docker, Swarm, Kubernetes, Marathon, Mesos, Consul, Etcd, 并且还会更多

• 后台监控, 可以监听后台变化进而自动化应用新的配置文件设置

• 配置文件热更新，无需重启进程

• 正常结束http连接

• 后端断路器

• 轮询，rebalancer 负载均衡

• Rest Metrics

• 支持最小化 官方 docker 镜像

• 后台支持SSL

• 前台支持SSL（包括SNI）

• 清爽的AngularJS前端页面

• 支持Websocket

• 支持HTTP/2

• 网络错误重试

• 支持Let’s Encrypt (自动更新HTTPS证书)

• 高可用集群模式

欢迎点击“链接”了解更多精彩内容

·END·

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