Buzz Words | 热词放送：三道防线，窗口期，裁员，植树造林

三道防线
Three defensive lines



面对境外输入病例压力持续增加，中国建立起“三道防线”有效抵御境外输入病例。3月24日，中国疾控中心研究员吴尊友在国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上表示，第一道防线，是指入境人员需要在口岸接受医学检查并且上报旅行史。第二道防线是入境人员要进行14天的隔离观察。如果第一、第二道防线有遗漏，医务人员能够快速诊断治疗，这是第三道防线。

Facing mounting pressure from imported cases，China has set up “three defense lines”, which effectively prevents the outbreak from hitting the country again. The first defense line is at the ports of entry where international travelers are required to receive medical checkups and report their travel history. The 14-day quarantine is the second defense line. Even if the first two lines of defense both fail, medical staff and facilities around the country would effectively handle infected patients, said Wu Zunyou, an epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, on March 24.

马上学：Defense作名词，表示“防卫”，常见搭配：in defense of表示“为……辩护；为保卫……”。self-defense意思是“自卫，自我保护”，也可以用self-protection，如：He said he acted in self-defense.

窗口期
Window of opportunity



3月25日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示，世界面临疫情防控的第二个窗口期，呼吁各国利用这一关键时期切断疫情传播链条。为了遏制疫情流行，很多国家和地区采取了前所未有的封锁措施，创造了疫情防控的机会。不过他也表示，目前的措施还不足以消灭疫情。接下来应该采取更加精准的措施，采取更有力的行动。

Calling it “a second window of opportunity”, the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, called for countries to use this critical time to stop the transmission of COVID-19 on March 25. The opportunity was created by countries and regions which introduced unprecedented “lockdown” measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, Ghebreyesus noted. However, he reminded that lockdown measures won’t be enough to extinguish epidemics. More precise and targeted measures to expand, train and deploy health care and public health workforce need to be taken.

马上学：Window of opportunity指“稍纵即逝的好机会”，即“做某件事情的最佳时间段”，如：Our window of opportunity for winning the championship is the next couple of seasons.

裁员
Layoffs



据《纽约时报》报道，在疫情引发的经济停滞期，裁员潮将加速美国经济衰退。由于很多行业的营收受到巨大影响，企业开始裁员节省资金。随着裁员人数增加，有些经济学家表示美国在2020年第二季度的失业率可能达到30%。同时，申请失业救济的人数猛增，给美国劳工部门带来负担。

Amid the widespread economic shutdown caused by COVID-19, layoffs are sure to accelerate as the US economy suffers a recession, The New York Times reported. Since many industries’ revenue has been hugely impacted, many are cutting jobs to save money. As job losses increase, some economists say the nation’s unemployment rate could approach 30 percent in the second quarter of 2020. Meanwhile, applications for jobless benefits have soared all over the country, burdening state labor departments.

马上学：Layoffs作名词，通常指因工作岗位缩减的“裁员”，也可用job cuts表示裁员。裁员的动词搭配有lay off, lose/cut jobs, dismiss或downsize。

植树造林
Afforestation

据新华社3月23日报道，国务院办公厅日前印发《关于在防疫条件下积极有序推进春季造林绿化工作的通知》（以下简称《通知》），要求积极有序推进春季造林绿化工作，确保全面完成全年目标任务。《通知》指出，积极有序推进造林绿化，是全面建成小康社会和全面实现“十三五”经济社会发展目标的重要内容。全国绿化委员会办公室3月11日发布《2019年中国国土绿化状况公报》。公报指出，2019年我国国土绿化事业取得了新成绩，全国共完成造林706.7万公顷。

According to a circular released by the General Office of the State Council, China urged greater afforestation efforts to ensure afforestation targets this year, Xinhua reported on March 23. Promoting afforestation in an active and orderly manner is an important part of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the economic and social development goals of the 13th Five-Year Plan. So far, China made new strides in advancing afforestation in 2019 with the area of newly created forests totaling 7.067 million hectares, according to a March 11 report from the National Greening Commission.

马上学：Afforestation是指在原本树木稀少的土地上大量种树的过程，由此可见，这是一个人为绿化的过程。植树造林产生的森林一般称为“人工林”(man-made forest)，与之相对的是“天然林”(natural forest)。

综合来源：新华网，中国日报网英语点津，央视新闻