Android 进程管理篇(四)-cpu限制

梳理Process进程相关知识点,再继续补充点内容。

Linux系统中对进程的管理无非是从调度策略、优先级以及CPU限制三个角度进行配置与管理,那么Android中主要是通过AMS来管理应用程序进程的,是不是也是从这三个方面进行管理的呢?答案是肯定的,那么本篇文章先来看看cpuset负载均衡在AMS中是如何应用的。

一、cpuset介绍

cpuset是Linux cgroup子系统,它为cgroup任务分配单独的CPU和内存。单独分配CPU即表明进程可调度cpu范围。cpu按不同的芯片,大小核数目和频率都有差别,大核频率高处理速度相对比小核快,而Android系统实际上还是响应优先于吞吐的交互型系统,因此Android AMS对进程管理于不同优先级的进程在调度cpu限制上会做有一些策略,以保证更好的交互响应。

二、进程的cpuset设置

还是回到AMS中与adj相关的有三个方法,这三个方法值得看一万遍,每一遍都会有新收获:

  • updateOomAdjLocked:在进程组件生命周期变化时更新adj,然后分别执行以下两个方法
  • computeOomAdjLocked:计算adj
  • applyOomAdjLocked:应用adj

聚焦到computeOomAdjLocked方法,该方法主要是根据进程的四大组件状态决定当前进程的adj优先级。

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

private final int computeOomAdjLocked(ProcessRecord app, int cachedAdj, ProcessRecord TOP_APP, boolean doingAll, long now) {
...
if (app.maxAdj <= ProcessList.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ) {
...
    if (app == TOP_APP) {
…   //以top app为例
        app.curSchedGroup = ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP;
 ...
    } 
...
}

以TOP_APP为例,这里ProcessRecord 的curSchedGroup属性对应的是cup调度组,而在后续applyOomAdjLocked中会执行Process的setProcessGroup方法。

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

import static android.os.Process.setProcessGroup;
private final boolean applyOomAdjLocked(ProcessRecord app, boolean doingAll, long now,
        long nowElapsed) {
...
setProcessGroup(app.pid, processGroup);
...
}

调用Process的setProcessGroup方法

frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_DEFAULT = -1;
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE = 0;
private static final int THREAD_GROUP_FOREGROUND = 1;
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_SYSTEM = 2;
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_AUDIO_APP = 3;
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_AUDIO_SYS = 4;
public static final int THREAD_GROUP_TOP_APP = 5;
...
public static final native void setProcessGroup(int pid, int group)
        throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;

setProcessGroup是个native方法,并且这里分了若干类型的group,这里看top app优先级是最高的。接着jni到native

frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp

void android_os_Process_setProcessGroup(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, int pid, jint grp)
{
...
    if ((grp == SP_FOREGROUND) || (grp > SP_MAX)) {
        signalExceptionForGroupError(env, EINVAL, pid);
        return;
    }
    bool isDefault = false;
    if (grp < 0) {
        grp = SP_FOREGROUND; //SP_FOREGROUND = 1
        isDefault = true;
    }
    SchedPolicy sp = (SchedPolicy) grp;
...
        if (cpusets_enabled()) {
            // set both cpuset and cgroup for general threads
            err = set_cpuset_policy(t_pid, sp);
...
        }
...
}

这里直接调用sched_policy.cpp的set_cpuset_policy,并传入对应的pid和SchedPolicy

system/core/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp

int set_cpuset_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy)
{
    // in the absence of cpusets, use the old sched policy
    if (!cpusets_enabled()) {//这里要注意,如果cpusets_enabled为false的话,会走set_sched_policy
        return set_sched_policy(tid, policy);
    }
    if (tid == 0) {
        tid = gettid();
    }
    policy = _policy(policy);
    pthread_once(&the_once, __initialize);
    int fd = -1;
    int boost_fd = -1;
    switch (policy) {
    case SP_BACKGROUND:
        fd = bg_cpuset_fd;
        boost_fd = bg_schedboost_fd;
        break;
    case SP_FOREGROUND:
    case SP_AUDIO_APP:
    case SP_AUDIO_SYS:
        fd = fg_cpuset_fd;
        boost_fd = fg_schedboost_fd;
        break;
    case SP_TOP_APP :
        fd = ta_cpuset_fd;
        boost_fd = ta_schedboost_fd;
        break;
    case SP_SYSTEM:
        fd = system_bg_cpuset_fd;
        break;
    default:
        boost_fd = fd = -1;
        break;
    }
    if (add_tid_to_cgroup(tid, fd) != 0) {
        if (errno != ESRCH && errno != ENOENT)
            return -errno;
    }
    if (schedboost_enabled()) {
        if (boost_fd > 0 && add_tid_to_cgroup(tid, boost_fd) != 0) {
            if (errno != ESRCH && errno != ENOENT)
                return -errno;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

这里主要就是通过policy对应具体的fd句柄,然后通过add_tid_to_cgroup()写cpuset对应节点。这里要注意,如果cpusets_enabled为false的话,会走set_sched_policy,这部分下篇会讲到。
看看对应的fd是什么:

static void __initialize() {
    const char* filename;
    if (cpusets_enabled()) {
        if (!access("/dev/cpuset/tasks", W_OK)) {
            filename = "/dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks”; //这里对应的是cpuset路径
            fg_cpuset_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
            filename = "/dev/cpuset/background/tasks";
            bg_cpuset_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
            filename = "/dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks";
            system_bg_cpuset_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
            filename = "/dev/cpuset/top-app/tasks";
            ta_cpuset_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
        }
    }
...
}

那我们来看看对应节点是什么内容:

/dev/cpuset # ls -al                                                                                                                                                                               
drwxr-xr-x  2 system       system          0 1970-05-22 03:35 background
drwxr-xr-x  2 system       system          0 1970-05-22 03:35 foreground
drwxr-xr-x  2 system       system          0 1970-05-22 03:35 top-app

然后看看对应的cpuset配置:

/dev/cpuset # cat top-app/cpus                                                                                                                                                                   
XXX 所有核
/dev/cpuset # cat background/cpus                                                                                                                                                                  
XXX 小核

显然,top app 满核随便跑,foreground跑在除了3这个核以外的所有核上, 而background只能跑在小核上。

三、cpuset配置点

不同芯片平台配置会有差别。

四、cpuset开关

kernel/msm-4.14/arch/arm64/configs/XXXX
CONFIG_CPUSETS=y //打开cpuset

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