MySQL5.6主从复制及读写分离的实现
MySQL 5.6 基于GTID的主从复制及使用amoeba配置实现读写分离**
amoeba 简介
Amoeba(变形虫)项目,该开源框架于2008年开始发布一款 Amoeba forMysql软件。这个软件致力于MySQL的分布式数据库前端代理层，它主要在应用层访问MySQL的时候充当SQL路由功能，专注于分布式数据库代理层（Database Proxy）开发。座落与 Client、DB Server(s)之间,对客户端透明。具有负载均衡、高可用性、SQL 过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的到目标数据库、可并发请求多台数据库合并结果。通过Amoeba你能够完成多数据源的高可用、负载均衡、数据切片的功能，目前Amoeba已在很多企业的生产线上面使用
Amoeba优点：
1.降低费用，简单易用
2.提高系统整体可用性
3.易于扩展处理能力和系统规模
4.可以直接实现读写分离及负载均衡的效果，而不用修改代码
Amoeba 缺点：
1.不支持事务与存储过程
2.暂不支持分库分表，amoeba目前只做到分数据库实例
3.不适合从amoeba导入数据的场景或者对大数据量查询的query并不合适（比如一次请求返回10w以上的甚至更多的数据场合）
MySQL GTID
Mysql 5.6的新特性之一，加入了全局事务性ID(GTID:GlobalTransactions Identifier)来强化数据库的主备一致性，故障恢复，以及容错能力;也使得复制功能的配置、监控及管理变得更加易于实现，且更加健壮
MySQL主从配置
环境介绍：
[root@master~]# 192.168.17.15
[root@slave~]# 192.168.17.32
安装mysql服务器在俩台主机上
tar xfmysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/
ln -sv mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/mysql
cd mysql
chown –R root.msyql *
cp support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
echo"PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile
. /etc/profile
cat /etc/my.cnf | egrep -v "^#"> /root/my.cnf
cp /root/my.cnf /etc/
主/etc/my.cnf的配置文件总汇
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
thread_concurrency = 8
datadir=/mydata/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1
log-bin=/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
report-host=192.168.17.32
server-id = 20
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
初始化mysql并启动
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/
chown -R mysql.mysql /binlog/
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/mydata/data/
service mysqld start
slave服务器安装mysql与master一样 ，但在slave服务器的/etc/my.cnf配置文件中有俩个参数需要更改一下与master服务器不同
server-id = 20
report-host = 192.168.17.32
在master服务器上创建slave复制用户并测试连接
mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'budongshu';
mysql> flush privileges;
[root@slave mysql]# mysql -uslave-pbudongshu -h 192.168.17.15 #成功连接
启动从节点的复制线程
[root@slave mysql]# mysql
mysql> change master tomaster_host='192.168.17.15',
-> master_user='slave',
-> master_password='budongshu',
-> master_auto_position=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status \G
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
yes代表启动成功,必须要俩个全部都是yes
在master服务器创建数据库查看slave服务器是否更新
[root@master ~]# mysql -e 'create databasebds1'
[root@slave mysql]# mysql -e 'showdatabases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bds |
| bds1 | #slave服务器同步正常
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
mysql> show processlist; #查看gtid进程
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 4| system user | | NULL |Connect | 395 | Waiting for master tosend event | NULL |
| 5| system user | | NULL |Connect | 225 | Slave has read allrelay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL |
| 6| system user | | NULL |Connect | -252924 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 7| system user | | NULL |Connect | -253320 | Waiting for an event from Coordinator | NULL |
| 9| root | localhost | NULL |Query | 0 | init |show processlist |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
读写分离配置
基于前面做的mysql主从架构，然后在前端加一台服务器，用于实现mysql的读分离，
安装jdk (bin结尾的包，rpm包都可以,可以去oracle官网下载)
[root@amoeba ~]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@amoeba ~]#. /jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@amoeba ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@amoeba ~]#. /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[root@amoeba ~]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_31"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build1.6.0_31-b04)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build20.6-b01, mixed mode)
安装amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# tar xf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@amoeba ~]# vi/etc/profile.d/amoeba.sh
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba
export PATH=$AMOEBA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@amoeba ~]# . /etc/profile.d/amoeba.sh
[root@amoeba ~]# amoeba #出现下边信息代表安装成功
amoeba start|stop
授权MySQL用户，用于实现前端amoeba连接
mysql> grant all on *.* to'amoeba'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'amoebapass';
mysql> flush privileges;
配置amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# cd /usr/local/amoeba/conf/
amoeba.xml #定义管理信息与读写分离
dbServers.xml #定义后端服务器的配置
配置文件dbServers.xml介绍
[root@amoeba conf]# vi dbServers.xml
${defaultManager}
64
128
3306 #连接后端mysql服务器的端口
test #连接后端mysql服务器的默认库
amoeba #连接后端mysql服务器的用户名
#把password最后的注释(-->)这个符号去掉跟上边一样
amoebapass #连接后端mysql服务器的密码
500
500
10
600000
600000
true
true
true
#定义master服务器的节点 name可以自定义
192.168.17.15 #定义master服务器的IP地址
#定义slave服务器的节点
192.168.17.32
#负载均衡算法
1 #定义选择哪一种算法
#定义数据库池，用于实现负载均衡，“slave“为自定义的数据库节点，可以写多个用”，”隔开
slave
配置文件amoeba.xml 介绍
[root@amoeba conf]# vi amoeba.xml
3306 #定义amoeba代理服务器对外监听的端口
${clientConnectioneManager}
128
64
#定义客户端使用的用户名和密码
admin
password
${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf
127.0.0.1
true
${clientConnectioneManager}
20
30
30
500
60
com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ConnectionManager
com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager
${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml
1500
master #把 注释去掉使其配置生效, 定义默认池，默认会在此服务器上执行
master #定义只写服务器
slave #定义只读服务器，也可以在dbServer.xml中定义数据池的名称，实现负载均衡
true
启动amoeba服务并测试
[root@amoeba conf]# amoeba start & #后台启动amoeba
[root@amoeba conf]# ss -tunlp | grep 3306 #启动正常
tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::3306 :::* users:(("java",1796,52))
连接amoeba代理服务器，执行插入和查询操作，分别在后端俩台服务器进行抓包，查看是否实现读写分离
mysql> create database bds2;
mysql> use bds2
mysql> create table tb2 (id int ) ;
mysql> select * from tb2;
tcpdump抓包查看检测
[root@master ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -s0 -nn -A tcp dst port 3306 and dst host192.168.17.15
13:25:46.488469 IP 192.168.17.11.39787 >192.168.17.15.3306: Flags [P.], seq 171:202, ack 444, win 490, options[nop,nop,TS val 8050703 ecr 15047099], length 31
E..S4 @[email protected].............
.z...........create table tb2 (id int ) ###写请求在master服务器上执行
13:25:46.523028 IP 192.168.17.32.41112 >192.168.17.15.3306: Flags [.], ack 1661, win 1117, options [nop,nop,TS val41437531 ecr 15058573], length 0
E..4..@[email protected]{... ........M.$....4...]. .....
.xI[....
13:25:46.523050 IP 192.168.17.11.39787 >192.168.17.15.3306: Flags [.], ack 455, win 490, options [nop,nop,TS val 8050737ecr 15058574], length 0
E..44
@[email protected]......
.z.1....
[root@slave ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -s0 -nn -Atcp dst port 3306 and dst host 192.168.17.32
15:01:20.243577 IP 192.168.17.11.54071 >192.168.17.32.3306: Flags [.], ack 196, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val8129871 ecr 41516665], length 0
E..4@.@[email protected]}....... .7..}. ....i...........
O.y~y
15:01:20.246139 IP 192.168.17.11.54071 >192.168.17.32.3306: Flags [P.], seq 133:155, ack 196, win 457, options[nop,nop,TS val 8129874 ecr 41516665], length 22
E..J@.@[email protected]....... .7..}. ....i...........
R.y~y.....select * from tb2 ###读请求在slave服务器上执行
15:01:20.287625 IP 192.168.17.11.54071 >192.168.17.32.3306: Flags [.], ack 259, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val8129915 ecr 41516669], length 0
E..4@.@[email protected]{....... .7..}. ..........}.....
{.y~}
由上图可知抓包实现了读写分离的效果