【学习笔记】懂你英语 商务英语 Level 6 Unit 2 Part 4（III）词汇 Leadership Theories 1
Theory X and Theory Y X理论和Y理论
Theory X and Theory Y are theories of work motivation and management. X理论和Y理论是关于工作动机和管理的理论。
Theory X believes that most people dislike work and are not motivated to work on their own. X理论认为，大多数人不喜欢工作，没有动力独自工作。
They have little ambition and prefer to avoid responsibility when they can. 他们没有什么抱负，只要有可能，他们宁愿逃避责任。
Therefore, they must be controlled through rewards and punishments to get their work done. 因此，他们必须通过奖励和惩罚来控制他们完成工作。
Theory Y, by contrast, believes that most people regard work as a source of satisfaction.
They are self-motivated to pursue objectives and do not need rewards or punishments to drive performance. 他们自我激励，追求目标，不需要奖励或惩罚，以推动业绩。
Believers of this theory encourage employees to approach tasks without asking for too much direct supervision. 相信这一理论的人鼓励员工在处理任务时不要要求太多的直接监督。
As a manager, you will likely to switch between Theory X or Theory Y depending on the situation. 作为经理，你可能会根据情况在X理论和Y理论之间转换。
When managing new employees, you may use a Theory X style of management to give more supervision and guidance. 在管理新员工时，你可以使用X理论的管理方式来给予更多的监督和指导。
When managing a team of experts, however, it's better to use Theory Y to give them more freedom and authority. 然而，在管理一个专家团队时，最好使用Y理论来给他们更多的自由和权威。
【选择】-Which of the following do Theory X assume about their employees? -They are not willing to discipline themselves.
【选择】-Which of the following do Theory Y assume about their employees?-They are self-motivated and enjoy the challenge of work.
【选择】A Theory Y style of management would be more effective when team members... are competent enough to make contributions.
【填空】Theory X assumes that most employees have little ambition and prefer to avoid responsibility when they can.
【填空】Theory Y believes most employees are self-motivated to pursue objectives and do not need rewards or punishments to drive performance.
【跟读】Theory X believes most people prefer to avoid responsibility when they can.
【跟读】A leader will likely to switch between Theory X or Theory Y depending on the situation.
leadership grid 领导方格
A leadership grid is a model of behavioral leadership. 领导力网格是行为领导力的一个模型。
It is based on leaders' concern for people and concern for production. 它是基于领导者对人民的关心和对生产的关心。
A person who emphasizes concern for people cares about their welfare, and seeks to build a trusting relationship with them. 【填空】一个强调关心他人的人关心他们的福利，并寻求与他们建立信任关系。
According to the grid, a person who has a high concern for production but a low concern for people is a "task" manager. 根据网格理论，一个对生产高度关注而对人关注较低的人是“任务”经理。
A person who shows high concern for people but has a low concern for production is a "country-club" manager. 一个对人关怀备至而对生产关心甚少的人就是“乡村俱乐部”经理。
If a person has a balanced concern for both production and people, he is a "middle-of-the-road" manager. 如果一个人对生产和人有一个平衡的关注，他就是一个“中间路线”的经理。
This kind of manager is willing to accept average performance from employees, which results in mediocre production and employee satisfaction. 【填空】 这种管理者愿意接受员工的平均表现，导致平庸的生产和员工满意度。
mediocre 英 /ˌmiːdiˈəʊkə(r)/ 美 /ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər/ adj. 普通的；平凡的；中等的
As a matter of fact, most people tend to be "middle-of-the-road" managers. 事实上，大多数人都是“中间路线”的管理者。
An individual who emphasizes neither people nor production is practicing "impoverished management". 一个人既不讲求人，也不讲求生产，就是在搞“贫困管理”。
On the other hand, a person who shows a high concern for both production and for people is practicing "team management". 另一方面，一个对生产和人都高度关注的人正在实践“团队管理”。
The "team manager" sets high production goals and works with employees to be sure their needs are meet. “团队经理”设定高生产目标，与员工一起工作以确保他们的需求得到满足。
【选择】-Which of the following is the most important for a "country-club" manager? -meeting employee needs
【选择】-Which of the following is the most important for the "middle-of-the-road" manager? -a balanced concern for company goals and employee needs.
【选择】-What is the least effective leadership style according to the grid? -"impoverished management"
【跟读】The "middle-of-the-road" manager is willing to accept average performance from employees.
【跟读】An "impoverished" manager shows little concern for both people and production.