https://learnopenglcn.github.io/02%20Lighting/06%20Multiple%20lights/
在这一节中,将结合之前学过的所有知识,
创建一个包含六个光源的场景。模拟一个类似太阳的定向光(Directional Light)光源,四个分散在场景中的点光源(Point Light),以及一个手电筒(Flashlight)。
为了在场景中使用多个光源,我们希望将光照计算封装到GLSL函数中。
这样做的原因是,每一种光源都需要一种不同的计算方法,而一旦我们想对多个光源进行光照计算时,代码很快就会变得非常复杂。
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GLSL中的函数和C函数很相似,它有一个函数名、一个返回值类型,如果函数不是在main函数之前声明的,我们还必须在代码文件顶部声明一个原型。
我们对每个光照类型都创建一个不同的函数:定向光、点光源和聚光。
当我们在场景中使用多个光源时,通常使用以下方法:
需要有一个单独的颜色向量代表片元的输出颜色。对于每一个光源,它对片元的贡献颜色将会加到片段的输出颜色向量上。所以场景中的每个光源都会计算它们各自对片段的影响,并结合为一个最终的输出颜色.
大体的结构会像是这样:
out vec4 FragColor;
void main()
{
// 定义一个输出颜色值
vec3 output;
// 将定向光的贡献加到输出中
output += someFunctionToCalculateDirectionalLight();
// 对所有的点光源也做相同的事情
for(int i = 0; i < nr_of_point_lights; i++)
output += someFunctionToCalculatePointLight();
// 也加上其它的光源(比如聚光)
output += someFunctionToCalculateSpotLight();
FragColor = vec4(output, 1.0);
}
需要在片元着色器中定义一个函数来计算定向光对相应片元的贡献:它接受一些参数并计算一个定向光照颜色.
首先,我们需要定义一个定向光源最少所需要的变量。我们可以将这些变量储存在一个叫做DirLight的结构体中,并将它定义为一个uniform
struct DirLight {
vec3 direction;
vec3 ambient;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
uniform DirLight dirLight;
接下来将dirLight传入一个有着以下原型的函数
vec3 CalcDirLight(DirLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir);
这个函数需要一个DirLight结构体和其它两个向量来进行计算
vec3 CalcDirLight(DirLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);
// 漫反射着色
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// 镜面光着色
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
// 合并结果
vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));
return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
}
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和定向光一样,我们也希望定义一个用于计算点光源对相应片段贡献,以及衰减的函数.
同样,我们定义一个包含了点光源所需所有变量的结构体:
struct PointLight {
vec3 position;
float constant;
float linear;
float quadratic;
vec3 ambient;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
#define NR_POINT_LIGHTS 4
uniform PointLight pointLights[NR_POINT_LIGHTS];
在GLSL中使用了预处理指令来定义了我们场景中点光源的数量。接着我们使用了这个NR_POINT_LIGHTS常量来创建了一个PointLight结构体的数组
点光源函数的原型如下:
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir);
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
// 漫反射着色
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// 镜面光着色
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
// 衰减
float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance +
light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
// 合并结果
vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));
ambient *= attenuation;
diffuse *= attenuation;
specular *= attenuation;
return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
}
经定义了一个计算定向光的函数和一个计算点光源的函数了,我们可以将它们合并放到main函数中。
void main()
{
// 属性
vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
// 第一阶段:定向光照
vec3 result = CalcDirLight(dirLight, norm, viewDir);
// 第二阶段:点光源
for(int i = 0; i < NR_POINT_LIGHTS; i++)
result += CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], norm, FragPos, viewDir);
// 第三阶段:聚光
//result += CalcSpotLight(spotLight, norm, FragPos, viewDir);
FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}
还需要为每个点光源定义一个位置向量,所以我们让它们在场景中分散一点。我们会定义另一个glm::vec3数组来包含点光源的位置:
glm::vec3 pointLightPositions[] = {
glm::vec3( 0.7f, 0.2f, 2.0f),
glm::vec3( 2.3f, -3.3f, -4.0f),
glm::vec3(-4.0f, 2.0f, -12.0f),
glm::vec3( 0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f)
};
接下来从pointLights数组中索引对应的PointLight,将它的position值设置为刚刚定义的位置值数组中的其中一个
同时我们还要保证现在绘制的是四个灯立方体而不是仅仅一个。
只要对每个灯物体创建一个不同的模型矩阵就可以了,和我们之前对箱子的处理类似.
效果类似下面
完整代码如下:
#include
#include
#include "shader.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "Camera.h"
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;
float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;
glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
int main(void)
{
//初始化glfw并创建窗口
//-------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
GLFWwindow * window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "window", NULL, NULL);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
//初始化GLAD
//--------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
//创建着色器
//---------
Shader lightingShader("D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\lightshader.vs", "D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\lightshader.fs");
Shader lampShader("D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\4.1.texture.vs", "D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\4.1.texture.fs");
//设置顶点坐标,颜色,纹理坐标
//--------
float vertices[] = {
// positions // normals // texture coords
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
glm::vec3 cubePositions[] =
{
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(2.0f, 5.0f, -15.0f),
glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.7f, 3.0f, -7.5f),
glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f, 2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f, 0.2f, -1.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.3f, 1.0f, -1.5f)
};
glm::vec3 pointLightPositions[] =
{
glm::vec3(0.7f, 0.2f, 2.0f),
glm::vec3(2.3f, -3.3f, -4.0f),
glm::vec3(-4.0f, 2.0f, -12.0f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f)
};
unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO); //创建缓冲区对象
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);//激活缓冲区对象
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//用数据分配和初始化缓冲区对象
glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
unsigned int lightVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture("D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\container2.png");
unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture("D:\\OpenGL\\Project1\\container2_specular.png");
lightingShader.use();
lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;
processInput(window);
glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
lightingShader.use();
lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 64.0f);
lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.direction", -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.diffuse", 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f);
lightingShader.setVec3("dirLight.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].position", pointLightPositions[0]);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[0].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].linear", 0.09);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[0].quadratic", 0.032);
// point light 2
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].position", pointLightPositions[1]);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[1].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].linear", 0.09);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[1].quadratic", 0.032);
// point light 3
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].position", pointLightPositions[2]);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[2].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].linear", 0.09);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[2].quadratic", 0.032);
// point light 4
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].position", pointLightPositions[3]);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].ambient", 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
lightingShader.setVec3("pointLights[3].specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].linear", 0.09);
lightingShader.setFloat("pointLights[3].quadratic", 0.032);
lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.position", camera.Position);
lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.direction", camera.Front);
lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.ambient", 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.diffuse", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setVec3("spotLight.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.linear", 0.09);
lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.quadratic", 0.032);
lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
lightingShader.setFloat("spotLight.outerCutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(15.0f)));
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);;
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
// calculate the model matrix for each object and pass it to shader before drawing
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
float angle = 20.0f * i;
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
lampShader.use();
lampShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
lampShader.setMat4("view", view);
glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
model = glm::translate(model, pointLightPositions[i]);
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // Make it a smaller cube
lampShader.setMat4("model", model);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, deltaTime);
}
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
if (firstMouse)
{
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
firstMouse = false;
}
float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
unsigned int loadTexture(char const * path)
{
unsigned int textureID;
glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
int width, height, nrComponents;
unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
if (data)
{
GLenum format;
if (nrComponents == 1)
format = GL_RED;
else if (nrComponents == 3)
format = GL_RGB;
else if (nrComponents == 4)
format = GL_RGBA;
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
stbi_image_free(data);
}
else
{
std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
stbi_image_free(data);
}
return textureID;
}
light片元着色器
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
struct Material {
sampler2D diffuse;
sampler2D specular;
float shininess;
};
struct DirLight {
vec3 direction;
vec3 ambient;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
struct PointLight {
vec3 position;
float constant;
float linear;
float quadratic;
vec3 ambient;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
struct SpotLight {
vec3 position;
vec3 direction;
float cutOff;
float outerCutOff;
float constant;
float linear;
float quadratic;
vec3 ambient;
vec3 diffuse;
vec3 specular;
};
#define NR_POINT_LIGHTS 4
in vec3 FragPos;
in vec3 Normal;
in vec2 TexCoords;
uniform vec3 viewPos;
uniform DirLight dirLight;
uniform PointLight pointLights[NR_POINT_LIGHTS];
uniform SpotLight spotLight;
uniform Material material;
// function prototypes
vec3 CalcDirLight(DirLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir);
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir);
vec3 CalcSpotLight(SpotLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir);
void main()
{
// properties
vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
// == =====================================================
// Our lighting is set up in 3 phases: directional, point lights and an optional flashlight
// For each phase, a calculate function is defined that calculates the corresponding color
// per lamp. In the main() function we take all the calculated colors and sum them up for
// this fragment's final color.
// == =====================================================
// phase 1: directional lighting
vec3 result = CalcDirLight(dirLight, norm, viewDir);
// phase 2: point lights
for(int i = 0; i < NR_POINT_LIGHTS; i++)
result += CalcPointLight(pointLights[i], norm, FragPos, viewDir);
// phase 3: spot light
result += CalcSpotLight(spotLight, norm, FragPos, viewDir);
FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}
// calculates the color when using a directional light.
vec3 CalcDirLight(DirLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(-light.direction);
// diffuse shading
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// specular shading
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
// combine results
vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));
return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
}
// calculates the color when using a point light.
vec3 CalcPointLight(PointLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
// diffuse shading
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// specular shading
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
// attenuation
float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
// combine results
vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));
ambient *= attenuation;
diffuse *= attenuation;
specular *= attenuation;
return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
}
// calculates the color when using a spot light.
vec3 CalcSpotLight(SpotLight light, vec3 normal, vec3 fragPos, vec3 viewDir)
{
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
// diffuse shading
float diff = max(dot(normal, lightDir), 0.0);
// specular shading
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, normal);
float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
// attenuation
float distance = length(light.position - fragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
// spotlight intensity
float theta = dot(lightDir, normalize(-light.direction));
float epsilon = light.cutOff - light.outerCutOff;
float intensity = clamp((theta - light.outerCutOff) / epsilon, 0.0, 1.0);
// combine results
vec3 ambient = light.ambient * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * vec3(texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords));
vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * vec3(texture(material.specular, TexCoords));
ambient *= attenuation * intensity;
diffuse *= attenuation * intensity;
specular *= attenuation * intensity;
return (ambient + diffuse + specular);
}