C++学习笔记(字符串string、vector_deque、queue,multiset、map、multimap、容器拷贝问题)(复制粘贴,方便后面翻阅)
2016-09-12 11:04 77人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报
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【c/c++开发】(7)
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1.string操作
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
//STL standard template libary 标准模(mu)板库 C++一部分,编译器自带
//Android NDK支持
//java.lang java.util包中API,java的一部分
//string初始化
void main()
{
//string由c字符串衍生过来的
string s1 = "craig david";
string s2("7 days");
string s3 = s2;
string s4(10,'a');
cout << s4 << endl;
system("pause");
}
//string遍历
void main()
{
string s1 = "craig david";
// ^
//1 数组方式
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++)
{
cout << s1[i] << endl;
}
//2 迭代器指针
for (string::iterator it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << " ";
}
cout << endl;
//3 at函数(charAt)
// 可能会抛出异常
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < s1.length() + 3; i++)
{
cout << s1.at(i) << " ";
}
}
catch (...)
{
cout << "异常" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
//string字符串->c字符串转换
void main()
{
//string -> char*
string s1 = "walking away";
const char* c = s1.c_str();
printf("%s\n",c);
//
string s2 = c;
//string->char[]
//从string中赋值字符到char[]
char arr[50] = {0};
s1.copy(arr,4,0);
cout << arr << endl;
system("pause");
}
//字符串拼接
void main()
{
string s1 = "alan";
string s2 = "jackson";
//1.
string s3 = s1 + s2;
string s4 = " pray";
//2.
s3.append(s4);
cout << s3 << endl;
system("pause");
}
//字符串查找替换
void main()
{
string s1 = "apple google apple iphone";
//从0开始查找"google"的位置
int idx = s1.find("google", 0);
cout << idx << endl;
//统计apple出现的次数
int idx_app = s1.find("apple",0);
//npos大于任何有效下标的值
int num = 0;
while (idx_app != string::npos)
{
num++;
cout << "找到的索引:" << idx_app << endl;
idx_app+=5;
idx_app = s1.find("apple", idx_app);
}
cout << num << endl;
system("pause");
}
void main()
{
string s1 = "apple google apple iphone";
//0-5(不包含5)替换为jobs
s1.replace(0, 5, "jobs");
cout << s1 << endl;
//所有apple替换为jobs
int idx = s1.find("apple", 0);
while (idx != string::npos)
{
s1.replace(idx, 5, "jobs");
idx += 5;
idx = s1.find("apple", idx);
}
cout << s1 << endl;
system("pause");
}
//删除(截取)和插入
void main()
{
string s1 = "apple google apple iphone";
//删除a,找到a所在的指针
string::iterator it = find(s1.begin(),s1.end(),'g');
//只能删除一个字符
s1.erase(it);
//开头末尾插入字符串
s1.insert(0, "macos");
s1.insert(s1.length(), " facebook");
cout << s1 << endl;
system("pause");
}
//java StringBuffer才可变
//String 不可变
//大小写转换
void main()
{
string s1 = "JASON";
//原始字符串的起始地址,原始字符串的结束地址, 目标字符串的起始地址, 函数名称
transform(s1.begin(), s1.end()-1,s1.begin(), tolower);
cout << s1 << endl;
transform(s1.begin(), s1.end() - 1, s1.begin(), toupper);
cout << s1 << endl;
system("pause");
}
2.容器vector
//容器
//Vector
//初始化
#include
void printVector(vector
{
//通过数组的方式遍历
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
{
cout << v[i] << endl;
}
}
void main()
{
//1.
vector
v1.push_back(20);
v1.push_back(40);
v1.push_back(15);
v1.push_back(7);
//2.
vector
//3.部分复制
vector
printVector(v3);
system("pause");
}
//添加 删除
void main()
{
//添加到结尾
vector
v1.push_back(20);
v1.push_back(40);
v1.push_back(15);
v1.push_back(7);
//访问头部
v1.front() = 11;
//访问尾部
v1.back() = 90;
//删除结尾的元素
//v1.pop_back();
while (v1.size() > 0)
{
cout << "末尾的元素:" << v1.back() << endl;
v1.pop_back();
}
printVector(v1);
system("pause");
}
//数组的方式
void main()
{
vector
v1.push_back(20);
v1.push_back(40);
v1.push_back(15);
v1.push_back(7);
v1[2] = v1[2] +10;
//容器等价于动态数组
vector
for (int i = 0; i < v2.size(); i++)
{
v2[i] = i + 1;
}
printVector(v2);
system("pause");
}
//迭代器遍历
//迭代器的种类(正向,反向迭代器)
void main()
{
vector
v1.push_back(20);
v1.push_back(40);
v1.push_back(15);
v1.push_back(7);
//正向
for (vector
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
cout << "-----------------" << endl;
//反向迭代
for (vector
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
//删除
void main()
{
vector
for (int i = 0; i < v1.size(); i++)
{
v1[i] = i + 1;
}
//删除指定位置
vector
it += 3;
v1.erase(it);
//distance(v1.begin(), it);
//删除区间
v1.erase(v1.begin(), v1.begin() + 3);
for (vector
{
if (*it == 5)
{
printf("%x\n", it);
vector
printf("%x,%x\n",it,tmp);
}
}
//插入
v1.insert(v1.begin() + 2, 100);
v1.insert(v1.end() - 1, 200);
printVector(v1);
system("pause");
}
3.队列deque
//双向队列
#include
void printDeque(deque
{
for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++)
{
cout << q[i] << endl;
}
}
void main()
{
deque
//添加到尾部
d1.push_back(2);
d1.push_back(10);
//添加到头部
d1.push_front(-90);
d1.push_front(-30);
//printDeque(d1);
//cout << d1.front() << endl;
//cout << d1.back() << endl;
//两个方向弹出
//d1.pop_back();
//d1.pop_front();
printDeque(d1);
//查找第一个-90元素索引位置,无需遍历
deque
if (it != d1.end())
{
int idx = distance(d1.begin(), it);
cout << "索引位置为:" << idx << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
//队列(没有迭代器)
/*
void main()
{
queue
q.push(78);
q.push(18);
q.push(20);
q.push(33);
//q.front();
//q.back();
while (!q.empty())
{
int tmp = q.front();
cout << tmp << endl;
q.pop();
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//优先级队列
/*
#include
void main()
{
//默认 最大值优先级
priority_queue
pq1.push(12);
pq1.push(3);
pq1.push(40);
pq1.push(15);
while (!pq1.empty())
{
int tmp = pq1.top();
cout << tmp << endl;
pq1.pop();
}
cout << "----------" << endl;
//最小值优先级队列
priority_queue
pq2.push(12);
pq2.push(3);
pq2.push(40);
pq2.push(15);
while (!pq2.empty())
{
int tmp = pq2.top();
cout << tmp << endl;
pq2.pop();
}
system("pause");
}
*/
4.栈stack
//栈
/*
#include
void main()
{
stack
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
s.push(i+1);
}
while (!s.empty())
{
int tmp = s.top();
cout << tmp << endl;
s.pop();
}
system("pause");
}
*/
5.集合list,set,map
//list
#include
void printList(
list<int>& lst)
{
//迭代器
//没有重载“<”运算符
for (
list<int>::iterator it = lst.begin(); it != lst.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
}
//基本操作
/*
void main()
{
listlst;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
//尾部插入元素
lst.push_back(i);
}
//头部插入元素
lst.push_front(80);
lst.push_front(90);
list::iterator it = lst.begin();
it++;
cout << *it << endl;
//it = it + 3; 注意:不支持随机访问
printList(lst);
system("pause");
}
*/
//删除
/*
void main()
{
listlst;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
//尾部插入元素
lst.push_back(i);
}
list::iterator it = lst.begin();
//删除
it++;
//删除第二个元素
//lst.erase(it);
//删除区间(已经被删除了元素不能再删除)
list::iterator it_begin = lst.begin();
list::iterator it_end = lst.begin();
it_end++;
it_end++;
it_end++;
lst.erase(it_begin, it_end);
//直接根据内容删除元素
lst.remove(5);
printList(lst);
system("pause");
}
*/
//list插入(应用:频繁的修改)
//vector(应用:随机访问v[100])
/*
void main()
{
listlst;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
//尾部插入元素
lst.push_back(i);
}
list::iterator it = lst.begin();
it++;
lst.insert(it, 100);
printList(lst);
system("pause");
}
*/
//set 元素唯一 默认从小到大
#include
void printSet(
set<int> &s)
{
for (
set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
}
/*
void main()
{
sets;
//添加元素
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
s.insert(i+1);
}
s.insert(20);
s.insert(15);
s.insert(15);
//删除
set::iterator it = s.begin();
it++;
s.erase(it);
printSet(s);
system("pause");
}
*/
//元素按照从大到小排列
/*
#include
void main()
{
//同Java中:Map>
set> s;
s.insert(10);
s.insert(5);
s.insert(20);
s.insert(99);
for (set>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//元素类型为Teacher对象,按照年龄排序
/*
class Teacher
{
public:
Teacher(char* name, int age)
{
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
void print()
{
cout << name << "," << age << endl;
}
public:
char* name;
int age;
};
//自定义排序规则
//仿函数
struct MyAgeSorter
{
bool operator()(const Teacher &left, const Teacher &right)
{
return left.age < right.age;
}
};
void main()
{
sets;
s.insert(Teacher("jack",18));
s.insert(Teacher("rose", 20));
s.insert(Teacher("jason", 22));
s.insert(Teacher("alan", 5));
//s.insert(Teacher("jimy", 5)); //不会插入
for (set::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
{
cout << (*it).name << "," << (*it).age << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//set查找
/*
void main()
{
sets;
//添加元素
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
s.insert(i + 1);
}
//printSet(s);
//等于4的元素指针
set::iterator s_4 = s.lower_bound(4);
//cout << *s_4 << endl;
//大于4的元素指针
set::iterator s_5 = s.upper_bound(4);
//cout << *s_5 << endl;
//一次性获取等于4的元素指针,和大于4的元素指针\
//BasicNameValuePair
pair::iterator, set ::iterator> p = s.equal_range(4);
cout << *p.first << endl;
cout << *p.second << endl;
system("pause");
}
*/
//multiset 允许重复的元素
/*
void main()
{
multisets;
s.insert(2);
s.insert(8);
s.insert(2);
s.insert(8);
for (multiset::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
{
cout << *it << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//map添加元素的方式
#include
#include
/*
void main()
{
//key -> value
//1.
mapmap1;
map1.insert(pair(1,"jack"));
map1.insert(pair(2, "rose"));
//2
map1.insert(make_pair(3,"jason"));
//3
map1.insert(map::value_type(4,"alan"));
//4
map1[5] = "jimmy"; //map["NO1"] = 90;
//前三种方式,如果key已经存在,重复添加会报错
//第四种方式,如果key已经存在,重复添加会覆盖
//遍历输出
for (map::iterator it = map1.begin(); it != map1.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "," << it->second << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
void printMap(
map<int, string> &map1)
{
for (
map<int, string>::iterator it = map1.begin(); it != map1.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first <<
"," << it->second << endl;
}
}
//删除
/*
void main()
{
mapmap1;
map1.insert(pair(1, "jack"));
map1.insert(pair(2, "rose"));
map1.insert(pair(3, "jason"));
map::iterator it = map1.begin();
it++;
map1.erase(it);
printMap(map1);
system("pause");
}
*/
//添加的结果
/*
void main()
{
mapmap1;
map1.insert(pair(1, "jack"));
map1.insert(pair(2, "rose"));
map1.insert(pair(3, "jason"));
//获取添加的结果(first元素指针,second 是否成功)
pair
if (res.second)
{
cout << "添加成功" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "添加失败" << endl;
}
printMap(map1);
system("pause");
}
*/
//查找
/*
void main()
{
mapmap1;
map1.insert(pair(1, "jack"));
map1.insert(pair(2, "rose"));
map1.insert(pair(3, "jason"));
printMap(map1);
cout << "---------" << endl;
//获取key等于大于5的元素的值
pair
if (p.first != map1.end()){
//等于2的元素key value
cout << p.first->first << p.first->second << endl;
//大于2的元素key value
cout << p.second->first << p.second->second << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//一个key对应多个value
//一个部门多个员工
//multimap
/*
class Employee
{
public:
Employee(char* name,int age)
{
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
public:
char* name;
int age;
};
void main()
{
multimapmap1;
//开发部
map1.insert(make_pair("开发", Employee("搁浅", 20)));
map1.insert(make_pair("开发", Employee("彪哥", 20)));
//财务
map1.insert(make_pair("财务", Employee("小颖", 16)));
map1.insert(make_pair("财务", Employee("rose", 20)));
//销售
map1.insert(make_pair("销售", Employee("阿呆", 30)));
map1.insert(make_pair("销售", Employee("呵呵", 30)));
//遍历输出
for (multimap::iterator it = map1.begin(); it != map1.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "," << it->second.name << "," << it->second.age << endl;
}
cout << "----------------" << endl;
//只获取“财务”部的员工
//获取“财务部”员工的个数,key对应的value的个数
int num = map1.count("财务");
multimap::iterator it = map1.find("财务");
int c = 0; //控制循环的次数
while (it != map1.end() && c < num)
{
cout << it->first << "," << it->second.name << "," << it->second.age << endl;
it++;
c++;
}
system("pause");
}
*/
//深拷贝与浅拷贝
/*
class Employee
{
public:
//构造函数
Employee(char* name, int age)
{
this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
strcpy(this->name, name);
this->age = age;
}
//析构函数
~Employee()
{
if (this->name != NULL)
{
delete[] this->name;
this->name = NULL;
this->age = 0;
}
}
//拷贝构造函数
//Employee e =
Employee(const Employee &obj)
{
this->name = new char[strlen(obj.name) + 1];
strcpy(this->name, obj.name);
this->age = obj.age;
}
//重载=
//e1 = e2;
Employee& operator=(const Employee &obj)
{
//释放旧的内存
if (this->name != NULL)
{
delete[] this->name;
this->name = NULL;
this->age = 0;
}
//重新分配
this->name = new char[strlen(obj.name) + 1];
strcpy(this->name, obj.name);
this->age = obj.age;
return *this;
}
public:
char* name;
int age;
};
void func()
{
vectorv1;
Employee e1("jack",20);
v1.push_back(e1);
}
void main()
{
//vectorv1;
//Employee e1("jack",20);
//将e1拷贝到vector中
//v1.push_back(e1);
func();
system("pause");
}
*/