练习-Java代码实现书籍管理系统

一、项目需求

已知如下两个表：
publisher：id、name(唯一)、address
book：id、isbn、name(唯一)、publisher_id

实现如下功能：

欢迎进入书籍管理系统
1、出版社管理：增、删(name)、改(name)、查(name)
2、书籍管理：增、删(name)、改(name)、查(name)
3、退出

二、创建表

//创建publisher表
CREATE TABLE `publisher` (
	`id` char(36) NOT NULL,
	`name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
	`address` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
	UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
//创建book表
CREATE TABLE `book` (
	`id` char(36) NOT NULL,
	`name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
	`isbn` char(11) NOT NULL,
	`publisher_id` char(36) DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
	UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`),
	UNIQUE KEY `isbn` (`isbn`),
	KEY `publisher_id` (`publisher_id`),
	CONSTRAINT `book_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`publisher_id`) REFERENCES `publisher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

三、项目结构

四、log4j.properties

因为在控制台打印的信息有限，所以需要把相关的日志文件保存在一个日志文件中，便于查找问题。导入log4j的jar包并配置log4j.properties。

# DEBUG设置输出日志级别，由于为DEBUG，所以ERROR、WARN和INFO 级别日志信息也会显示出来
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,Console,RollingFile

#将日志信息输出到控制台
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern= [%-5p]-[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] -%l -%m%n
#将日志信息输出到操作系统D盘根目录下的log.log文件中
log4j.appender.RollingFile=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.RollingFile.File=D://log.log
log4j.appender.RollingFile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.RollingFile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p %-40.40c %X{traceId}-%m%n

五、db.properties

使用JDBC连接数据库的时候有时候需要修改连接的配置信息，如果每次修改都更改源代码不利于项目的维护，所以这里是使用db.properties文件把JDBC的配置信息保存在其中。

jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=0314

六、PropertiesUtil.java

上面已经把数据库的相关配置信息保存在了db.properties文件中。然后再使用一个PropertiesUtil类读取db.properties文件。

/**
 * 获取db.properties文件的工具类
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class PropertiesUtil {

	private static Properties properties = new Properties();
	static {
		InputStream inputStream = PropertiesUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
		try {
			properties.load(inputStream);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 依据key获取value值
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public String getValue(String key) {
		return properties.getProperty(key);
	}
}

七、DBUtil.java

在上面已经获得了数据库连接的配置信息，创建一个DBUtil类来对数据库进行增删改查。

/**
 * 数据库工具类
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class DBUtil {
	
	private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DBUtil.class);
	static Connection connection = null;
	static Statement statement = null;
	static ResultSet result = null;
	static PreparedStatement pStatement = null;
	
	/**
	 * 加载驱动
	 */
	static {
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取连接
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	private static Connection getConnection() {
		try {
			PropertiesUtil pUtil = new PropertiesUtil();
			String url = pUtil.getValue("jdbc.url");
			String username = pUtil.getValue("jdbc.username");
			String password = pUtil.getValue("jdbc.password");
			return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
		return null;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 数据查询(无法防止SQL注入)
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void select(String sql, IRowMapper rowMapper) {
		try {
			connection = getConnection();
			statement = connection.createStatement();
			result = statement.executeQuery(sql);
			rowMapper.rowMapper(result);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}finally {
			close(result, statement, connection);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 数据查询(防止	SQL注入)
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void select(String sql, IRowMapper rowMapper, Object ... params) {

		try {
			connection = getConnection();
			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 1; i <= params.length; i++) {
				pStatement.setObject(i, params[i-1]);
			}
			result = pStatement.executeQuery();
			rowMapper.rowMapper(result);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}finally {
			close(result, pStatement, connection);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 数据修改(无法防止SQL注入)
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static boolean update(String sql) {

		try {
			connection = getConnection();
			statement = connection.createStatement();
			return statement.executeUpdate(sql) > 0;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}finally {
			close(statement, connection);
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 数据查询(可以防止SQL注入)
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static boolean update(String sql,Object ... params) {
		
		try {
			connection = getConnection();
			pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 1; i <= params.length; i++) {
				pStatement.setObject(i, params[i-1]);
			}
			return pStatement.executeUpdate() > 0;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}finally {
			close(pStatement, connection);
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	/**
	 * JDBC实现事务处理
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void transaction(String ...strings ) {

		try {
			connection = getConnection();
			connection.setAutoCommit(false);
			statement = connection.createStatement();
			for (String string : strings) {
				statement.addBatch(string);		
			}
			statement.executeBatch();
			connection.commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			try {
				connection.rollback();
			} catch (SQLException e1) {
				e1.printStackTrace();
			}
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			close(statement, connection);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 关闭资源
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	private static void close(Statement statement, Connection connection) {
		try {
			if (statement != null) {
				statement.close();
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
		
		try {
			if (connection != null) {
				connection.close();
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭资源
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	private static void close(ResultSet result, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
		try {
			if (result != null) {
				result.close();
				result = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
		}
		close(statement, connection);
	}
}

八、IRowMapper.java

/**
 * 实现JDBC查询数据库的接口
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public interface IRowMapper{
	void rowMapper(ResultSet res);
}

九、PublisherManage.java

出版社管理模块具体代码实现：

/**
 * 出版社管理模块
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class PublisherManage {

	public static void menu() {
		System.out.println("1、添加出版社信息");
		System.out.println("2、删除出版社信息");
		System.out.println("3、修改出版社信息");
		System.out.println("4、查询出版社信息");

		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		int option = scanner.nextInt();
		switch (option) {
		case 1:{
			addPulisher();
			break;
		}
		case 2:{
			deletePublisher();
			break;
		}
		case 3:{
			updatePublisher();
			break;
		}
		case 4:{
			queryPublisher();
			break;
		}
		default:
			System.out.println("对不起，没有该选项，请重新输入......");
			break;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 添加出版社信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void addPulisher() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入出版社名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select id from publisher where name=?";
		if (ClientManage.exist(sql,name)) {
			System.out.println("系统中已经有该出版社");
			return;
		} else {
			System.out.println("请输入出版社地址：");
			String address = scanner.next();
			String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
		    sql = "insert into publisher(id,name,address) values(?,?,?)";
		    if (DBUtil.update(sql,id,name,address)) {
				System.out.println("添加成功！");
				return;
			}
		}
		System.out.println("添加失败！");
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name删除出版社信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void deletePublisher() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要删除的出版社名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select id from publisher where name=?";
		if (!ClientManage.exist(sql,name)) {
			System.out.println("系统中没有该出版社");
			return;
		}else {
			sql = "delete from publisher where name=?";
			if (DBUtil.update(sql,name)) {
				System.out.println("删除成功！");
			}else {
				System.out.println("删除失败！");
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name修改出版社信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void updatePublisher() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要修改出版社的名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select * from publisher where name=?";
		if (ClientManage.getId(sql,name)==null) {
			System.out.println("系统中没有该出版社");
			return;
		} else {
			String id = ClientManage.getId(sql,name);
			System.out.println("请输入新名字：");
			name = scanner.next();
			System.out.println("请输入新地址：");
			String address = scanner.next();
			sql = "update publisher set name=?,address=? where id=?";
		    if (DBUtil.update(sql,name,address,id)) {
				System.out.println("修改成功！");
			}else {
				System.out.println("修改失败！");
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询出版社信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void queryPublisher() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要查询的出版社的名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select * from publisher where name=?";
		class RowMapper implements IRowMapper{

			@Override
			public void rowMapper(ResultSet res) {
				try {
					if (res.next()) {
						String id = res.getString("id");
						String name = res.getString("name");
						String address = res.getString("address");
						Publisher publisher = new Publisher(id,name,address);
						System.out.println(publisher);
					}else {
						System.out.println("系统中没有该出版社！");
					}
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		RowMapper rowMapper = new RowMapper();
		DBUtil.select(sql, rowMapper,name);
	}
}

十、BookManage.java

书籍管理模块具体代码实现：

/**
 * 书籍管理模块
 *
 * @author Administrator
 */
public class BookManage {

	public static void menu() {
		System.out.println("1、添加书籍信息");
		System.out.println("2、删除书籍信息");
		System.out.println("3、修改书籍信息");
		System.out.println("4、查询书籍信息");
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		int option2 = scanner.nextInt();
		switch (option2) {
		case 1:{
			addBook();
			break;
		}
		case 2:{
			deleteBook();
			break;
		}
		case 3:{
			updateBook();
			break;
		}
		case 4:{
			queryBook();
			break;
		}
		default:
			System.out.println("对不起，没有该选项，请重新输入......");
			break;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 添加书籍信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void addBook() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入书籍名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select id from book where name=?";
		if (ClientManage.getId(sql, name)!=null) {
			System.out.println("系统中已经有该书籍");
		} else {
			String publisherId;
			String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
			System.out.println("请输入ISBN：");
			String isbn = scanner.next();
			System.out.println("请输入书籍所属的出版社：");
			String publisherName = scanner.next();
			sql = "select * from publisher where name=?";
			if (ClientManage.getId(sql, publisherName)!=null) {
				publisherId = ClientManage.getId(sql, publisherName);
			} else {
				System.out.println("系统中没有该出版社，请先添加");
				return;
			}
		    sql = "insert into book(id,name,isbn,publisher_id) values(?,?,?,?)";
		    if (DBUtil.update(sql,id,name,isbn,publisherId)) {
				System.out.println("添加成功！");
			}else {
				System.out.println("添加失败");	
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name删除书籍信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void deleteBook() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要删除的书籍名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select * from book where name=?";
		if (!ClientManage.exist(sql, name)) {
			System.out.println("系统中没有该书籍");
		} else {
			sql = "delete from book where name=?";
			if (DBUtil.update(sql,name)) {
				System.out.println("删除成功！");
			}else {
				System.out.println("删除失败！");
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name修改书籍信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void updateBook() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要修改书籍的名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select id from book where name=?";
		if (ClientManage.getId(sql, name)==null) {
			System.out.println("系统中没有该书籍");
			return;
		} else {
			String id = ClientManage.getId(sql, name);
			String publisherId = null;
			System.out.println("请输入新名字：");
			name = scanner.next();
			System.out.println("请输入新ISBN：");
			String isbn = scanner.next();
			System.out.println("请输入新的出版社名字：");
			String publisherName = scanner.next();
			sql = "select * from publisher where name=?";
			if (ClientManage.getId(sql, publisherName)!=null) {
				publisherId = ClientManage.getId(sql, publisherName);
			} else {
				System.out.println("系统中没有该出版社，请先添加");
				return;
			}
			sql = "update book set name=?,isbn=?,publisher_id=? where id=?";
		    if (DBUtil.update(sql,name,isbn,publisherId,id)) {
				System.out.println("修改成功！");
			}else {
				System.out.println("修改失败！");
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询书籍信息
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static void queryBook() {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入要查询的书籍的名字：");
		String name = scanner.next();
		String sql = "select * from book where name=?";
		class RowMapper implements IRowMapper{

			List list = new ArrayList<>();
			@Override
			public void rowMapper(ResultSet res) {
				try {
					if(res.next()) {
						String id = res.getString("id");
						String name = res.getString("name");
						String isbn = res.getString("isbn");
						String publisherId = res.getString("publisher_id");
						Book book = new Book(id, name, isbn, publisherId);
						list.add(book);
					}
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		RowMapper rowMapper = new RowMapper();
		DBUtil.select(sql, rowMapper, name);
		List list = rowMapper.list;
		for (Book book : list) {
				String id = book.getId();
				String isbn = book.getIsbn();
				String publisherId = book.getPublisherId();
				sql = "select name from publisher where id=?";
				String publisherName = ClientManage.getName(sql, publisherId);
				System.out.println(id+" ,"+name+" ,"+isbn+" ,"+publisherName);
				return;
		}
		System.out.println("系统中没有该书籍！");
	}
}

十一、ClientManage.java

简单的管理界面

public class ClientManage {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		print();
		
		while (true) {
			menu();
		}
	}
	
	private static void print() {
		System.out.println("*********************************");
		System.out.println("*\t\t\t\t\t\t*");
		System.out.println("*\t欢迎进入书籍管理系统\t\t*");
		System.out.println("*\t\t\t\t\t\t*");
		System.out.println("*********************************");
	}

	private static void menu() {
		
		System.out.println("1、出版社管理");
		System.out.println("2、书籍管理");
		System.out.println("3、退出");
		System.out.println("请输入操作，按Enter键结束...");
		
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		int option = scanner.nextInt();
		
		switch (option) {
		case 1:	
			PublisherManage.menu();
			break;
		case 2:	
			BookManage.menu();
			break;
		case 3:	
			System.exit(0);
			break;
		default:
			System.out.println("对不起，没有该选项，请重新输入......");
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name判断出版社(书籍)是否存在
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static boolean exist(String sql, String name) {
		
		return getId(sql, name)!=null;	
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据name查询id
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static String getId(String sql, String name) {
		
		class RowMapper implements IRowMapper{
			String id = null;
			@Override
			public void rowMapper(ResultSet res) {
				try {
					if (res.next()) {
						id = res.getString("id");
					}
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}	
		}
		RowMapper rowMapper = new RowMapper();
		DBUtil.select(sql, rowMapper,name);
		return rowMapper.id;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据id查询name
	 *
	 * @author Administrator
	 */
	public static String getName(String sql, String id) {
		
		class RowMapper implements IRowMapper{
			String name = null;
			@Override
			public void rowMapper(ResultSet res) {
				try {
					if (res.next()) {
						name = res.getString("name");
					}
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}	
		}
		RowMapper rowMapper = new RowMapper();
		DBUtil.select(sql, rowMapper,id);
		return rowMapper.name;
	}
}