理论+实操：华为动态路由协议，rip
文章目录
- 一：前言：
- 1.1 rip协议概述
- 1.1.1 按照路由执行的算法分类
- 1.距离矢量路由协议
- 2.链路状态路由协议
- 1.2 rip路由协议工作原理
- 1.2.1 rip是距离——矢量路由选择协议
- 1.2.2 rip的基本概念
- 1.2.3 RIP度量值为跳数
- 1.2.4 RIP更新时间
- 1.2.5 RIP路由更新消息
- 1.3 rip命令
- 二：实验
- 2.1 实验测试兼容模式————即不宣告rip版本
- 2.1.1 AR2配置
- 2.1.2 AR1 配置
- 2.1.3 查看路由表
- 2.2 实验测试兼容模式中在接口配置命令去发送rip v2 信息，或者在rip v2 的路由中设置接收rip v1 数据
- 2.2.1 设置接口IP
- 2.2.2 开始设置RIP
- 2.2.3 抓包AR1的g0/0/0瞅一眼
- 2.2.4 再抓一个AR3的g0/0/1
- 2.2.5 小结：可以发现rip v1 不支持子网划分，网段没有经过划分；rip v2 支持子网划分，宣告出来的网段经过子网划分
- 2.2.6 这时候看一下各个路由的路由表
- 2.2.7 在路由表中，兼容模式路由接收到的3.3.3.0路由条目转发给rip v1，路由条目变为3.0.0.0，证明rip v1不支持子网划分
- 2.2.8 当前rip v2 中没有获得新的路由条目，，因为兼容模式可以收rip v1和rip v2路由信息，但发只能是rip v1路由信息
- 2.2.9 需要解决这个问题
一：前言：
1.1 rip协议概述
1.1.1 按照路由执行的算法分类
1.距离矢量路由协议
- 依据从源网络到目标网络所经过的路由器的个数选择路由
●RIP、 IGRP
2.链路状态路由协议
- 综合考虑从源网络到目标网络的各条路径的情况选择路由
●OSPF、IS-IS
1.2 rip路由协议工作原理
1.2.1 rip是距离——矢量路由选择协议
1.2.2 rip的基本概念
- 定期更新 (路由器每经过一-段时间周期-30S后， 向邻居发送更新信息)
- 邻居(与其相连的路由器)
- 广播更新(Ripv1 255.255.255.255)
- 组播更新 (Ripv2 224.0.0.9)
- 泛洪路由表(路由器将从邻居学习到的路由放进自己的路由表中，然后将路由表所有路由信息在通告给其他路由器，直到整个网络学习到)
1.2.3 RIP度量值为跳数
- 最大跳数为15跳，16跳为不可达
1.2.4 RIP更新时间
- 每隔30s发送路由更新消息，UDP520端口
1.2.5 RIP路由更新消息
- 发送整个路由表信息(除了从接收端接收到的路由条目外)
1.3 rip命令
二：实验
2.1 实验测试兼容模式————即不宣告rip版本
2.1.1 AR2配置
The device is running!
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname AR2
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo 0
[AR2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.200.1 30
[AR2-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 30
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR2]rip 1
[AR2-rip-1]network 192.168.200.0
[AR2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[AR2-rip-1]q
[AR2]
2.1.2 AR1 配置
The device is running!
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname AR1
[AR1]int g0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 30
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo 0
[AR1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.100.1 24
[AR1-LoopBack0]q
[AR1]rip 1
[AR1-rip-1]network 192.168.100.0
[AR1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[AR1-rip-1]
2.1.3 查看路由表
[AR1]dis ip routing
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.100.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.100.1 LoopBack0
192.168.100.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
192.168.100.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
192.168.200.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[AR2]dis ip routing
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.100.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.200.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.200.1 LoopBack0
192.168.200.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
192.168.200.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
抓包查看，不设置版本的兼容模式，默认发送的是rip v1 版本，以广播的形式接收
2.2 实验测试兼容模式中在接口配置命令去发送rip v2 信息，或者在rip v2 的路由中设置接收rip v1 数据
备注：rip协议中，通过UDP520端口发送的路由条目信息，最大支持25条路由条目
2.2.1 设置接口IP
AR1：
The device is running!
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname AR1
[AR1]int lo 0
[AR1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[AR1-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 30
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
AR2：
The device is running!
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname AR2
[AR2]int lo 0
[AR2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 24
[AR2-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 30
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.1 30
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
AR3：
The device is running!
system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname AR3
[AR3]int lo 0
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
[AR3-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 30
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
2.2.2 开始设置RIP
AR1：
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR1]rip 1
[AR1-rip-1]?
rip-1 interface view commands:
arp-ping ARP-ping
backup Backup information
bfd Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
checkzero Perform the checkzero operation in the zero fields of RIP
packets
clear Clear
default-cost Specify default metric for imported routes
default-route Enable advertisement of default routes
description Specify the process description
dialer Dialer
display Display information
filter-policy Specify route filtering policy
graceful-restart Graceful restart information
host-route Enable sending and receiving host routes
import-route Import routes from other protocols into RIP
maximum Set the maximum number of equal-cost multipaths
mtrace Trace route to multicast source
network Enable the routing protocol on the related network or
interface
peer Specify a peer router
ping ping command group
preference Specify RIP route preference
quit Exit from current mode and enter prior mode
reset reset command group
return Enter the privileged mode
silent-interface Suppress RIP packets from being sent on the specified
interface
summary Enable route summarization
test-aaa Accounts test
timers Adjust the protocol timers
tracert tracert command group
undo Negate a command or set its defaults
verify-source Validate the source IP address of received RIP updates
version Specify RIP version
[AR1-rip-1]version 1
[AR1-rip-1]network 1.1.1.0
Error: The network address is invalid, and the specified address must be major-n
et address without any subnets.
[AR1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[AR1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[AR1-rip-1]undo summary
AR2：
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR2]rip 1
[AR2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[AR2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[AR2-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[AR2-rip-1]
[AR2-rip-1]un summary
AR3：
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR3]rip 1
[AR3-rip-1]version 2
[AR3-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0 30
^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[AR3-rip-1]network 23.0.0.0
[AR3-rip-1]network 3.3.3.0
Error: The network address is invalid, and the specified address must be major-n
et address without any subnets.
[AR3-rip-1]network 3.3.3.0 24
^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[AR3-rip-1]network 3.0.0.0
[AR3-rip-1]undo summary
[AR3-rip-1]
2.2.3 抓包AR1的g0/0/0瞅一眼
2.2.4 再抓一个AR3的g0/0/1
2.2.5 小结：可以发现rip v1 不支持子网划分，网段没有经过划分；rip v2 支持子网划分，宣告出来的网段经过子网划分
2.2.6 这时候看一下各个路由的路由表
AR1：
[AR1]dis ip routing-table
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 1.1.1.1 LoopBack0
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
1.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
23.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
AR2：
[AR2]dis ip routing
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
2.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 2.2.2.2 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
3.3.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 23.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
23.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
AR3：
[AR3]dis ip routing
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
3.3.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 3.3.3.3 LoopBack0
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
3.3.3.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
23.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 23.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
2.2.7 在路由表中，兼容模式路由接收到的3.3.3.0路由条目转发给rip v1，路由条目变为3.0.0.0，证明rip v1不支持子网划分
2.2.8 当前rip v2 中没有获得新的路由条目，，因为兼容模式可以收rip v1和rip v2路由信息，但发只能是rip v1路由信息
2.2.9 需要解决这个问题
两种方法：
第一种、进入R3的接收接口
int g0/0/1
rip version 1
第二种、进入R2的发送接口（发送给vip v2路由的接口）
int g 0/0/1
rip version 2 multicast
这里实验第二种方法，然后查看抓包数据
是不是发生改变，然后再看路由表
[AR2]int g 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip version 2 multicast
rip版本发生改变
AR3路由表，路由信息同步
[AR3]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
2.2.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
3.3.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 3.3.3.3 LoopBack0
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
3.3.3.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
12.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 23.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
23.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0