本文参考自《Python编程：从入门到实践》，作者：Eric Matthes，译者：袁国忠
| 操作 | 语法 | 举例 | 结果 |
| 修改元素 | motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] print (motocycles)
motocycles[0] = 'ducati' print (motocycles) |
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] |
|
| 添加元素
|
在列表末尾添加元素：append() |
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] print (motocycles)
motocycles.append('ducati') print (motocycles)
|
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati'] |
| 在列表中插入元素：insert() |
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] print (motocycles)
motocycels.insert(0, 'ducati') print (motocycles)
|
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] |
|
| 删除元素
|
根据索引删除：del，无法继续使用 |
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] print (motocycles)
del motocycles[1] print (motocycles)
|
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'suzuki'] |
| 删除末尾的元素：pop()，可以继续使用 也可以根据索引删除，如motocycles.pop(0) |
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'] print (motocycles)
popped_motocycle = motocycles.pop() print (motocycles) print (popped_motocycle)
|
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha']
suzuki
|
|
| 不知道索引时，根据值删除元素：remove()，可以继续使用
|
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'， 'ducati'] print (motocycles)
too_expensive = 'ducati' motocycles.remove(too_expensive) print (motocycles) print (too_expensive) |
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
ducati
|
|
| 元素排序
|
无返回值，彻底改变原值
永久性排序：sort()
反方向排序：sort(reverse = True) |
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] print (cars)
cars.sort() print (cars)
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] cars.sort(reverse = True) print (cars) |
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi'] |
| 有返回值，原值不会变
临时性排序：sorted()
反方向排序：sorted(reverse = True) |
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] print (cars) print (sorted(cars)) print (cars) |
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
|
|
| 无返回值，彻底改变原值
永久性反转列表元素的排列顺序：reverse() |
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] print (cars)
cars.reverse() print (cars)
cars.reverse() print (cars) |
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] |
|
| 有返回值，不会改变原值
临时性反转列表的排列顺序：[: : -1] |
num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
num_new = num[::-1] print(num_new)
print(num) |
[4, 3, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 4] |
|
| 合并列表 | +或extend |
A = [1, 2, 3, 4] B = [5, 6, 7, 8] A = A + B 或 A.extend(B)
print(A) |
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] |