LeetCode 145 Binary Tree Postorder Traversal

题目

Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Example:

Input: [1,null,2,3]

   1
    \
     2
    /
   3

Output: [3,2,1]

Follow up: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?


解法思路(一)

  • 借助栈;
  • 借助辅助类 Command
关于辅助类 Command
  • 包装了 TreeNode 和命令 c
  • 命令有两种:goprint
  • go 的话要把当前节点的左右孩子入栈;
  • print 的话要就是遍历到这个节点了,要把该节点放入遍历的结果集;
关于栈的作用
  • 后序遍历是这样的:先遍历左子树,再遍历右子树,最后遍历根;
  • 因为栈有这样的特点:先入栈的后出栈,所以最先要遍历的节点最后入栈,最后要遍历的节点最先入栈;
  • 栈有点像一个备忘录,越后面要做的事情,越先放进栈中,这样只需一个个拿出栈顶的事情做,就不会忘记最早要干的事情;
  • 于遍历来说,之后要遍历的节点因之前被放进栈中而被记起;

解法实现(一)

时间复杂度
  • O(n),n为树的节点个数;
空间复杂度
  • O(h),h为树的高度,因为前序遍历属于深度优先遍历,所以栈的深度最深为 h;
关键字

后序遍历 非递归 辅助类 Command

实现细节
package leetcode._145;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

public class Solution145_1 {

    public class TreeNode {
        int val;
        TreeNode left;
        TreeNode right;
        TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
    }

    private class Command {
        public String c;
        public TreeNode treeNode;
        public Command(String c, TreeNode treeNode) {
            this.c = c;
            this.treeNode = treeNode;
        }
    }

    public List postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

        List res = new ArrayList<>();

        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }

        Stack stack = new Stack<>();
        Command command = new Command("go", root);
        stack.push(command);

        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            command = stack.pop();

            if (command.c.equals("print")) {
                res.add(command.treeNode.val);
            } else {
                assert command.c.equals("go");
                stack.push(new Command("print", command.treeNode));
                if (command.treeNode.right != null) {
                    stack.push(new Command("go", command.treeNode.right));
                }
                if (command.treeNode.left != null) {
                    stack.push(new Command("go", command.treeNode.left));
                }
            }
        }

        return res;
    }

}

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