spring中 allowBeanDefinitionOverriding(spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding) 分析

文章目录

  • 问题描述
  • 问题分析
  • 到底allowBeanDefinitionOverriding应该设置true还是false?

问题描述

最近在学习spring cloud sleuth过程中,遇到了一个问题:

The bean 'characterEncodingFilter', defined in class path resource [zipkin/autoconfigure/ui/ZipkinUiAutoConfiguration.class], could not be registered. A bean with that name has already been defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration.class] and overriding is disabled.
Action:

Consider renaming one of the beans or enabling overriding by setting spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true

从错误信息中可以看到,characterEncodingFilter这个bean被定义了两次,ZipkinUiAutoConfiguration和HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration都有定义。在大型项目开发过程中,这种情况并不少见。毕竟各个不同的组件都是独立开发的,集成到一起后总会遇到各种惊喜。spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true就是解决bean重复定义的。设置为true时,后定义的bean会覆盖之前定义的相同名称的bean。

具体参见我的另一篇文章 spring cloud Greenwich 学习笔记(十)spring cloud sleuth 服务链路追踪。

问题分析

上面已经看到,spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding设置为true,表示后发现的bean会覆盖之前相同名称的bean。
问题就出在spring初始化时bean工厂加载bean的时候。我们来看一下DefaultListableBeanFactory代码:

/** 是否允许使用相同名称重新注册不同的bean实现. 默认是允许*/
private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true;

/**
 * Set whether it should be allowed to override bean definitions by registering
 * a different definition with the same name, automatically replacing the former.
 * If not, an exception will be thrown. This also applies to overriding aliases.
 * 

Default is "true".【这里明确说明了默认是true】 * @see #registerBeanDefinition */ public boolean isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding() { return this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding; } @Override public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty"); Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null"); if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) { try { ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate(); } catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Validation of bean definition failed", ex); } } //bean加载到spring的工程中后,会存储在beanDefinitionMap中,key是bean的名称。 BeanDefinition existingDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName); if (existingDefinition != null) {//不为空,说明相同名称的bean已经存在了 if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {//如果不允许相同名称的bean存在,则直接抛出异常 throw new BeanDefinitionOverrideException(beanName, beanDefinition, existingDefinition); } else if (existingDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) { // e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]"); } } else if (!beanDefinition.equals(existingDefinition)) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "' with a different definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]"); } } else { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "' with an equivalent definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]"); } } //可见,上面allowBeanDefinitionOverriding =true时,只是记录了一些日志,然后后来发现的这个bean,会覆盖之前老的bean。 this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition); } else { if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) { // Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration) synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) { this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition); List<String> updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1); updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames); updatedDefinitions.add(beanName); this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions; if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) { Set<String> updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.manualSingletonNames); updatedSingletons.remove(beanName); this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons; } } } else { // Still in startup registration phase this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition); this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName); this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName); } this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null; } if (existingDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) { resetBeanDefinition(beanName); } }

具体可以看上面代码中添加的注释。
可以看一下BeanDefinitionOverrideException的定义,我们上面抛出的异常,就是这里抛出的。

public BeanDefinitionOverrideException(
		String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition, BeanDefinition existingDefinition) {

	super(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
			"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
			"': There is already [" + existingDefinition + "] bound.");
	this.beanDefinition = beanDefinition;
	this.existingDefinition = existingDefinition;
}

实际错误时提示bean重复,不过这里spring又对其进行了封装,最终打印出来的结果就是本文开头的错误输出,并且提示了我们要配置spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true

可能有的人会问了,上面代码中默认就是true啊,为什么还要我手动配置?

原因就是上面贴出来的是spring的代码,而springboot对这个参数又进行了二次封装,springboot中的allowBeanDefinitionOverriding是没有初始化默认值的,我们知道,java中的boolean类型不初始化时是false。
springboot中源代码:

//没有默认初始化就是false
private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
/**
 * Sets if bean definition overriding, by registering a definition with the same name
 * as an existing definition, should be allowed. Defaults to {@code false}.【这里写的很明白了,默认是false】
 * @param allowBeanDefinitionOverriding if overriding is allowed
 * @since 2.1
 * @see DefaultListableBeanFactory#setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(boolean)
 */
public void setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
	this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
}

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
	context.setEnvironment(environment);
	postProcessApplicationContext(context);
	applyInitializers(context);
	listeners.contextPrepared(context);
	if (this.logStartupInfo) {
		logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
		logStartupProfileInfo(context);
	}
	// Add boot specific singleton beans
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
	beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
	if (printedBanner != null) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
	}
	if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
		//**在此处给bean工程设置属性**
		((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
				.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
	}
	// Load the sources
	Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
	Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
	load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
	listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}

到底allowBeanDefinitionOverriding应该设置true还是false?

上面代码中可以看到,spring中默认是true,也就是默认支持名称相同的bean的覆盖。而springboot中的默认值是false,也就是不支持名称相同的bean被覆盖。
那么我们自己应该如何选择呢?
这里笔者认为默认不覆盖比较好。
因为还是推荐一个系统中不要存在名称相同的bean,否则后者覆盖前者,多人分工合作的时候,难以避免某些bean被覆盖,会出现很多诡异的问题 ,甚至会带来线上真实的业务损失。
bean的名称不相同,依据具体的业务给bean起名字。这样不但可以解决bean名称重复的问题,还可以大大提高程序的可读性与可维护性。
只有当集成了第三方的库,不同库直接由于是多个团队开发的,甚至这些团队属于不同的国家,有可能会出现bean名称相同的情况。这种情况就需要根据实际需求来设置allowBeanDefinitionOverriding的值了。

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