最近在学习spring cloud sleuth
过程中,遇到了一个问题:
The bean 'characterEncodingFilter', defined in class path resource [zipkin/autoconfigure/ui/ZipkinUiAutoConfiguration.class], could not be registered. A bean with that name has already been defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration.class] and overriding is disabled.
Action:
Consider renaming one of the beans or enabling overriding by setting spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
从错误信息中可以看到,characterEncodingFilter这个bean被定义了两次,ZipkinUiAutoConfiguration和HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration都有定义。在大型项目开发过程中,这种情况并不少见。毕竟各个不同的组件都是独立开发的,集成到一起后总会遇到各种惊喜。spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true就是解决bean重复定义的。设置为true时,后定义的bean会覆盖之前定义的相同名称的bean。
具体参见我的另一篇文章 spring cloud Greenwich 学习笔记(十)spring cloud sleuth 服务链路追踪。
上面已经看到,spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding设置为true,表示后发现的bean会覆盖之前相同名称的bean。
问题就出在spring初始化时bean工厂加载bean的时候。我们来看一下DefaultListableBeanFactory
代码:
/** 是否允许使用相同名称重新注册不同的bean实现. 默认是允许*/
private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true;
/**
* Set whether it should be allowed to override bean definitions by registering
* a different definition with the same name, automatically replacing the former.
* If not, an exception will be thrown. This also applies to overriding aliases.
* Default is "true".【这里明确说明了默认是true】
* @see #registerBeanDefinition
*/
public boolean isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding() {
return this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
}
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null");
if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
try {
((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
}
}
//bean加载到spring的工程中后,会存储在beanDefinitionMap中,key是bean的名称。
BeanDefinition existingDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
if (existingDefinition != null) {//不为空,说明相同名称的bean已经存在了
if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {//如果不允许相同名称的bean存在,则直接抛出异常
throw new BeanDefinitionOverrideException(beanName, beanDefinition, existingDefinition);
}
else if (existingDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
// e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" +
existingDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else if (!beanDefinition.equals(existingDefinition)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a different definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with an equivalent definition: replacing [" + existingDefinition +
"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
//可见,上面allowBeanDefinitionOverriding =true时,只是记录了一些日志,然后后来发现的这个bean,会覆盖之前老的bean。
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
}
else {
if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
// Cannot modify startup-time collection elements anymore (for stable iteration)
synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
List<String> updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1);
updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames);
updatedDefinitions.add(beanName);
this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) {
Set<String> updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.manualSingletonNames);
updatedSingletons.remove(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
}
}
}
else {
// Still in startup registration phase
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
}
this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
}
if (existingDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
}
具体可以看上面代码中添加的注释。
可以看一下BeanDefinitionOverrideException
的定义,我们上面抛出的异常,就是这里抛出的。
public BeanDefinitionOverrideException(
String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition, BeanDefinition existingDefinition) {
super(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
"': There is already [" + existingDefinition + "] bound.");
this.beanDefinition = beanDefinition;
this.existingDefinition = existingDefinition;
}
实际错误时提示bean重复,不过这里spring又对其进行了封装,最终打印出来的结果就是本文开头的错误输出,并且提示了我们要配置spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
。
可能有的人会问了,上面代码中默认就是true啊,为什么还要我手动配置?
原因就是上面贴出来的是spring的代码,而springboot对这个参数又进行了二次封装,springboot中的allowBeanDefinitionOverriding是没有初始化默认值的,我们知道,java中的boolean类型不初始化时是false。
springboot中源代码:
//没有默认初始化就是false
private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
/**
* Sets if bean definition overriding, by registering a definition with the same name
* as an existing definition, should be allowed. Defaults to {@code false}.【这里写的很明白了,默认是false】
* @param allowBeanDefinitionOverriding if overriding is allowed
* @since 2.1
* @see DefaultListableBeanFactory#setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(boolean)
*/
public void setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = allowBeanDefinitionOverriding;
}
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
//**在此处给bean工程设置属性**
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
// Load the sources
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
上面代码中可以看到,spring中默认是true,也就是默认支持名称相同的bean的覆盖。而springboot中的默认值是false,也就是不支持名称相同的bean被覆盖。
那么我们自己应该如何选择呢?
这里笔者认为默认不覆盖比较好。
因为还是推荐一个系统中不要存在名称相同的bean,否则后者覆盖前者,多人分工合作的时候,难以避免某些bean被覆盖,会出现很多诡异的问题 ,甚至会带来线上真实的业务损失。
bean的名称不相同,依据具体的业务给bean起名字。这样不但可以解决bean名称重复的问题,还可以大大提高程序的可读性与可维护性。
只有当集成了第三方的库,不同库直接由于是多个团队开发的,甚至这些团队属于不同的国家,有可能会出现bean名称相同的情况。这种情况就需要根据实际需求来设置allowBeanDefinitionOverriding的值了。