目录
1.国际音标介绍
2.[iː],[ɪ],[e],单词的重读音节,降调与升调
[iː]
[ɪ]
[ɪ] [iː]对比读音
[e]=[ε]
3.[æ],[ʌ],[ə],重读与弱读,can与can’t
[æ]
百科-句子重读
[ʌ]
[ə]
[ə] [ʌ]对比读音
百科-弱读
重读
can can’t 读音
4.[eɪ], [ər], [ɜː],英美区别之R,选择疑问句的语调
[eɪ] =[e]
[ə] =/ɚ/
百科:弱读
[ɜː]= /ɝ/
/ɚ/ /ɝ/对比读音
5.[ɑː]=[ɑ], [ɒ]-[ɑ], [ɔ:]=[ɔ],英美区别之元音
[ɑː]
[ɒ]-[ɑ]
[ɔ:]=[ɔ]
6.[əʊ], [uː], [ʊ], 元音的连读
[əʊ]=/o/
元音的连读
[uː]
[ʊ]
[ʊ] [uː]对比读音
7.[aɪ], [ɔɪ], [aʊ],复合名词及名词短语的重音,动词短语的重音与连读
[aɪ]
复合名词及名词短语的重音
[ɔɪ]
[aʊ]
动词短语的重音与连读
8.[p], [b], [k], [g], 清单中的语调,going to的连读
[p]
清单中的语调
[b]
[k]
[g]
going to的连读
9.[t], [d], T的浊化,词尾辅音的连读,过去式的读法
[t]
T的浊化
词尾辅音的连读
辅音+元音
辅音+辅音
/d/
-ed词尾怎么读
10.[ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ] ,[dʒ],连读 did you, would you
[ʃ]
[ʒ]
[tʃ]
[dʒ]
Did you,Would you连读
11.[j], [s], [z], used to连读, 词尾-s怎么读
[j]
used to 连读
[s]
s后清辅音浊化
[z]
-s词尾怎么读
12.[f], [v], [w], [m], have的弱读, Mm的几种语调
[f]
[v]
have的弱读
[w]
[m]
用语调改变Mm的意思
13.[h], [θ], [ð], h音的省略, the的读法
[h]
/h/音的省略
[θ]
[ð]
the 的读法
14.[n], [ŋ], [l], 消失的T, be动词的缩读, will的缩读
[n]
消失的T ------------didn’t didn
[ŋ]
be的弱读与缩读
/l/
will的弱读与缩读
15.[r], 元音+R, 英美音区别总结
16.手把手段落实战练习
元音分类
前位
中位
后位
国际音标是可以标注世界上所有的发音。
dj kk音标区别主要在元音的区别。取消dz ts tr dr 四个辅音音标。
单个音标降调读。
嘴微微张开,嘴唇拉向两旁,呈微笑状。
嘴巴是咧开的,像是在微笑,嘴巴周围的肌肉是被拉动的,持续一秒钟
Tea three
cheese bean
meal meat
peach Greek
pizza coffe
注意嘴唇不要向两旁拉成微笑状,舌往下放。发音较短,嘴部肌肉更放松。
嘴巴张的稍微大一点,嘴巴肌肉放松,舌头在嘴巴里面也是放松状态,持续半秒钟,发声干脆利落,停顿很清晰
sheep ship
seat sit
heel hill
feel fill
sleep slip
live/leave
bit/beat
rid/read
little/Beatles
wit/wheat
发音时,嘴巴要比发i再张开一些。
准备发这个音时,上下牙齿稍稍些空隙,舌尖抵住下排牙齿根部,发音时下巴逐渐往下移的。
重读,元音与辅音构成一个音节,重读是在元音上的重读,标记是在辅音上。
ever everybody
empty yesterday
any excellent
hotel expensive
语调 降调 升调。
降调 特殊疑问句 陈述句
升调 一般疑问句
发音时,嘴巴要比e张得更大一些,下巴往下拉,能感觉到嘴角的肌肉紧绷舌尖抵在下排牙齿后面,舌根拱起。
双唇放松的同时向两边平伸,逐渐压低舌头和下颚,比小嘴巴 /ɛ/ 的发音更夸张用力。
在英语中,句子中提供关键信息的单词往往被重读。关键信息即说话人最想强调的信息。
a hat
a backpack
a black jacket
a plastic bag
易错单词
says,said,rapper
A:That’s the person who took my bag!
B:Did he have a hat?
A:Yes.A black hat.
在英语中,句子中提供关键信息的单词往往被重读。关键信息即说话人最想强调的信息。
He stole my wallet.
脸放松,嘴微张,大约是呃的嘴形。
舌头下压,往后收,相比 /ə/ 发音的时候,嘴巴张的稍微大一些, 记住这是个短元音,所以发音一定要短促有力。
much doesn’t enough
happy don’t talking
honey nothing brother
I love you.
与[ʌ]相同,不同在于这个音总是短而弱,比[ʌ]轻得多,[ʌ]多出现在重读音节,而[ə]则是被弱读。Another [ə'nʌðə]
舌尖不接触下排牙齿,嘴唇放松,持续很短,声调较弱
about today
polite sofa
famous idea
China delicious
ago 之前 cup 杯子
mechanic 技工 rough 粗糙
agenda 日程表 nut 坚果
account 账户 upset 打乱
obey 遵守 blood 血液
[ə]出现在许多单词的非重读音节中。
小词a,an,and,of 在句中几乎总是弱读成含有[ə]的音。
are 弱读, for, your 弱读
A cup of coffee a can of soda bacan and eggs
有/i/听起起来像/ ə /很正常:animal,notice
She can ride a bike.
She can’t driver a car.
Can she ride a bike?Yes,she can.
Can she driver a car?No,she can’t.
1)在句中弱化成[ə]
2)句尾重读。
与字母A发言相同。先发[e],再发[I],前后嘴型有变化,一气呵成。
舌尖轻轻抵住下牙齿背部,牙床由半开到接近半合,由大到小,持续一秒钟
/e/ Pen wet pepper test
/ei/ Pain wait paper taste
易错单词
break my heart,breakfast
/ei/ /e/
/ɚ/和刚刚的/ɝ/ 其实比较相似,发这个音的时候,也是需要卷舌的,舌头上卷不要碰触到其他任何部位,但是在语调上比长元音/ɝ/会更弱一些,持续时间更短一些。
waiter doctor
lawyer teacher
actor farmer
/ ə /是英语中最常出现的元音
1./ ə /出现在许多单词的非重读音节中
2.小词a,an,of,and 在句子中几乎总是弱读成含有/ ə /的音
出现在许多“元音+R”单词的非重读音节中
1./ ə r/许多拼写包括“元音+R”单词的非重读音节中
2.许多拼写包括“元音+R”的小词,在弱读时也发[ər] 如:are for or
Coffee or tea soup or salad married or single
常见错误:
sofa,famous,idea,China,delicious
选择疑问句
使用带or的选择疑问句时,前升后降。
Would you like coffee or tea?
/ɝ/上下牙齿稍微分开,舌头中部微微抬起,发音时舌尖上卷,但注意不要接触到口腔的任何部位,以免发生摩擦。发音一定要注意最大程度卷舌,持续1秒钟。
舌头两边微微接触软腭。
该音与[ər]相同,但必须重读。
fur turn burn
bird girl
常见错误:
work/w ɜː K/ walk
word world
teacher/fur
daughter/urgent
meter/urban
slaughter/early
类似啊的发音,但嘴巴张得更大 ,发音时舌头放松,自然平放。
[ɑː] [æ] 区别ask英美区别。
father calm
dark scarf
guitar party
单词对比:
ask answer last
pass class glass
发这个音的时候,嘴巴张大,舌头要向后缩,舌尖远离下排牙齿,发音时间稍微长一些。
Hot sock box
英美区别
hot sock
box a lot
job stop
watch what
与/a/相比,发/ ɔ /音时双唇往前伸,呈圆形,更紧绷。舌头稍微往后缩一点。
双唇收圆,并向前突出,发音稍长些。
saw boss
awful small
store airport
sports four
元音/ɔ/+r时,嘴巴不用张大,小圆唇即可。awe vs or saw vs sore
Ross=Rose
Boss=bose
War=wall
Walk talk 的L不发音
英美区别之元音
Ask hot caught
/ɔ/+r 有点难发
元音/ɔ/+r 时,嘴巴不用张大,小圆唇即可。
awe vs or
saw vs sore
双元音,与字母o发音相同。
嘴巴先放松微张,发音时双唇向前伸,呈小圆形。前后嘴型有变化,尾音有类似汉语的“屋”出现。
受汉语影响,此音容易被发成“欧”,切勿忽略尾音。
舌后部向软颚抬起,不要与之接触,开始时嘴型呈半圆并稍向前突出,结束时,嘴唇慢慢合上。
/ ɔ/ / əʊ/
saw vs sew
caught vs coat
hall vs hole
walk vs woke
go out vs /gw əʊ t/
No,I don’t
Sure,go ahead.
It’s so annoying.
当前后两个单词的末、首音节都是元音,而且前面的元音是/i/结尾的,例如/iː/、/ɪ/、/eɪ/、/ɔɪ/、/aɪ/,在后面单词的元音前面加上一个/j/的音,比yes的首字母发音要轻一些。发音技巧是,发完第一个元音后,嘴形和舌位不要变,向第二个元音的嘴形和舌位“滑动”,而不是发生台阶一样的变化。
May I / meɪ jaɪ/
I am /aɪ jæm/
he is /hiː jɪz/
very easy /verɪ jiːzɪ/
双唇向前伸,呈小圆形,发音时双唇收紧。必须有一个收紧的过程。
嘴巴也是嘬的很圆,发音很长,持续一秒钟。 当发/u/的时候,嘴巴开口会更小,而且感觉嘴唇边的肌肉会有紧绷的感觉。
/u:/ /ju:/
Two vs computer
Food vs music
Movie vs excuse me
常见错误:
foot look good
嘴巴自然张开,嘴唇微微上翘,不要将嘴部收紧。
嘴巴是嘬得很圆,发音很短,持续半秒钟,停顿很清晰
与/uː/相比,发音更短,嘴部更放松。
/u:/ /u/
Luke vs look
Pool vs pull
Fool vs full
Boot vs book
常见错误:
Would could should
put/too
took/tattoo
youth/use
look/loop
cook/through
pool pull
fool full
放长元音/u:/时,双唇收紧
发短元音/u/时,嘴巴放松
尾音L不要卷舌
双元音,与字母/I/发音相同,嘴型有自然张开的/a/变到/I/
hiking climbing
bike riding skydiving
scuba diving ice skating
形容词 复合名词
a new ball a football
a nice watch a wristwatch
a white house the White House
复合名词:2个单词组成一个名称,通常重读前一个单词
名称短语:“形容词+名词”,通常重读后一个,即名词
常见错误:
freestyle
[ɔɪ]由2个音构成/ɔ/和/ɪ/,嘴型前后有变化,但是起始的/ɔ/嘴巴不用长大,是小圆唇。
boy noise
point destroy
annoying enjoying
双元音,嘴型由张大碟/æ/收回到/u/,嘴型不够饱满且忽略尾音
sit down go out work out
turn down figure out write down
He’s sitting down. Turn it down.
He’s going out. Figure it out
He’s working out. Write it down.
动词短语由“动词+介词”构成,用不同的介词,短语便有不同的意义。
因此短语中的动词和介词一样重要,应当把动词短语看作一个整体。
在大多数动词短语中,2个单词均要重读。
若存在it,不需要重读它
将动词短语当作一个整体对待,中间无停顿
turn (it) down.
常见错误:
now
cow
辅音嘴唇使用
清辅音:/p/ /k/
浊辅音:/b/ /g/
/p/单词开头,气流冲出口腔,强劲有力
A pen pictures passorts a pillow
A map a cup napkins a laptop
/p/在单词结尾,发音较轻,气流平缓。
常见错误:
尾音的p过重,变成“普”:stop
I have a pen,a postcard,a map,a spoon,and some pictures.
在说一连串物品时,除了最后一件物品之外,其他各项物品一般读升调。
最后一件物品时降调,表示清单已说完。
pie buy
pear bear
pill bill
cap cab
尾音的b过重,变成卜:club
climb lamb bomb doubt debt 不发音
kitchen Canada
clean clock
look attic
/ks/ /kt/ /kw/
six collect quit
next perfect question
尾音的k过重,变成“可”
kn在词首不发音
know knife knee
尾音过重,变成“哥”:big
coat goota
class glass
back bag
常见错误:
尾音的g过重,变成“哥”:big
They’re going to go camping.
Thery’re gong to Canada.
在非正式口语中,当going to 表示将来时,常读作gonna。
当going是句子的主要动词时,不能连读。
1.Where are you going for vacation?
2.I’m going to England.
3.What are you going to do in England?
4.I’m going to go to art galleries.
/t/在单词或音节开头,气流冲出口腔,强劲有力
tall toys teenager fourteen
right left great short
/t/在单词或音节末尾,发音较轻,气流平缓
/t/在/s/之后,气流较平缓
station store street
water computer city
在单词中间,前后都是元音时,会被“浊化”—像一个快速的/d/
尾音的t过重,变成“特”:don’t
post office First Avenue
a lot of get off 听起来像/d/
a great Thai restaurant
your best bet
just past
Just a minute
What time is it?
Take it easy!
尾音的d过重,变成“德”:good
try dry
write ride
cart card
常见错误:
尾音的d过重,变成“德”:good
d不发音
Wednesday,handsome
/t/ /d/ /Id/
worked listened waited
stopped tried needed
在不需要振动声带的音后,发/t/
在需要振动声带的音后,发/d/
在/t/或/d/之后,读作/tid/或/did/
1.listened to CDs
2.played cards.
3.visited a friend.
4.decided to stay home
shake shirts
special English
finished information
常见错误:she show -tion
练习发/ʃ/音,然后振动声带发/ʒ/
measure treasure
leisure television
Asia decision
常见错误:
usually,television,decision,Asia
/ ʃ /discussion,Russia
/ʃ/ /tʃ/
shop chop
cash catch
wash watch
jeep joke
July major
college challenge
education individual
Did you get the job? /dʒ/
Would you like some orange juice? /dʒ/
Why didn’t you tell me? /tʃ/
Don’t you speak Japanes? /tʃ/
/j/ /ju:/
yes music
young a few
yoga huge
Did I live in Xiaman befor?
Do I live in Xiaman now?
Did I have long hair before?
used to=useta
He useta play the piano.
Where did you useta live?
sailing surfing
seashore Sunday
skating swimming
单词中s不发音:island,aisle
st->sd stop stand stack steel stamp start stem star stair stay strike street strip stride stroke stream
sk->sg sky skirt skip skin skittles scale scope scab scar scarf scrape scream screech scrub
sp->sb speak sport spanner spin spell spank spoon spill
/s/ /z/
Sue zoo
bus buzz
price prize
always,does,please,these,because
cats snakes 不需要振动声带的音后,发/s/
dogs bees 需要振动声带的音后,发/z/
horses boxes /s,z,ʃ,ʒ,tʃ,dʒ/ 之后发/IZ/
likes hates
loves knows
watches loses
fan funny
family difficult
photographs laugh
fine vine
few view
leaf leave
把/v/发成/w/
How long have you lived there? /=of/
How much money do you have?
I‘ve lived here for five years./v/
have 在完成式中出现,与其他动词一起使用时,常常弱读。
have 在词首、或是单独出现,不与其他动词一起使用时,发音较清晰。
Have you ever been there?
Yes,I have.
You have a fantastic view.
双唇收紧,呈小圆形,然后迅速放松。
vet wet
vest west
vine wine
make remember
summer smart
home time
闭嘴,振动声带,从鼻腔发音
单词结尾的/m/音不要漏掉
Would you like some homemade muffins?
Would you like some muffins?
Here you go.
I’m glad you like them.I made them myself.Would you like jam with them?
Jam.
Thery’re yummy with jam.Want some?
Here you are.
升调 特殊疑问句
降调 肯定回答
平调 思考
升降调 感叹
heat hold
high hair
hearing husband
How awful!
How wonderful!
How exciting!
人称代词:he,him,his,her在句中或句尾时,常省略h音,并与前一个单词连读。
was he == wuzzy
hit him ==hitim
Was he hurt?
A vehicle hit him from behind.
s θ
sick thick
sink think
mouse mouth
they there
those clothing
weather together
the one with the zipper
better than the others
I think the one with the belt is better than the others.
new nice
nine one
an apartment an oven
/t/,/d/,/n/的发音位置非常接近(发音时舌尖都在抵上齿之后),因此当他们紧挨着出现(中间没有任何元音时)会产生一个神奇的现象。
teenager danger
written/’ritn/ didn’t /’didnt/
important student
nt紧挨着出现,t直接消失
interview
internet
international
舌尖轻触下齿,舌根抬起,振动声带从鼻腔发出
thin thing
ban bang
fans fangs
动词be在句子中通常被弱化,与之前的单词进行连读,或是以缩略形式出现。
What are they doing?
They’re singing.
We’re trying to sleep.
She’s looking out the window.
I am=I’m
You/we/they are=you’re
he/she/it is=he’s
在元音之前,发‘了’音,舌尖轻触上齿,振动声带。
night light
no low
nine line
2.在元音之后或词尾,发‘呕’音,舌尖轻触上齿,振动声带。
call help
well cold
cool people
will在居中通常被弱读,缩读成’ll
在人称代词中的元音比较放松,比如he‘ll听起来像hill.
I wil=I’ll
you’ll we’ll they’ll
he’ll she’ll it’ll
I’ll try
She’ll be taking calls.
That’ll be more difficult.
reading writer
romantic really
grass crowd
drawing translator
1.扫清理解障碍
2.语音分析
3.无字幕跟读
4.录音比对
[i] [ɪ] [e] [ε] [æ]
[ʌ] [ə] [ɝ] [ɚ]
[u] [ʊ] [o] [ɔ] [ɑ]
元音 |
单元音 |
前元音 |
i: |
ɪ |
e |
ɛ |
æ |
a |
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中元音 |
ʌ |
ə |
ɝ |
ɚ |
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后元音 |
u |
ʊ |
o |
ɔ |
ɑ |
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双元音 |
aɪ |
aʊ |
ɔɪ |
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辅音 |
爆破音 |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
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摩擦音 |
f |
v |
s |
ʃ |
θ |
z |
ʒ |
ð |
h |
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塞擦音 |
tʃ |
dʒ |
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鼻音 |
m |
n |
ŋ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
流音 |
l |
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
滑音 |
w |
j |
|
|
|
|
|
|