利用heroku搭建服务的方法
1. 在heroku网站上注册账号
https://www.heroku.com/
要使用gmail邮箱进行注册
2. 安装heroku CLI
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-python#set-up
3. 用终端登陆heroku
$ heroku login
输入邮箱和密码
4. 在heroku上创建一个app的仓库
下面的命令都是在git bash中执行
这里会随机生成一个app的名称（floating-sands-17593），后面可以更改app的名称
$ heroku create
Creating app... done, floating-sands-17593
https://floating-sands-17593.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/floating-sands-17593.git如果之前有自己在GitHub上有自己的server的仓库，并且想把自己的仓库放到heroku上面运行，那么可以执行下面命令在自己的仓库下，与heroku仓库进行关联，之后git remote -v命令可以看出时关联上两个仓库，heroku和origin仓库：
$ heroku git:remote --app floating-sands-17593
set git remote heroku to https://git.heroku.com/floating-sands-17593.git
$ git remote -v
heroku https://git.heroku.com/floating-sands-17593.git (fetch)
heroku https://git.heroku.com/floating-sands-17593.git (push)
origin [email protected]:xxxxxxx/myserver.git (fetch)
origin [email protected]:xxxxxxx/myserver.git (push)
之后，当我们提交代码到自己的origin仓库时，可以执行下面的命令，将修改也提交的本地的heroku仓库的master分支：
$ git push origin HEAD:heroku/master
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/xxxxxxx/myserver
30b7661..3f8b4e2 HEAD -> heroku/master
再执行下面的命令，将本地heroku仓库mater分支的代码提交到自己远程的heroku仓库master分支
$ git push heroku master
Counting objects: 6, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 1.68 KiB | 1.68 MiB/s, done.
Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote:
remote: -----> Python app detected
remote: ! The latest version of Python 3.6 is python-3.6.6 (you are using python-3.6.0, which is unsupported).
remote: ! We recommend upgrading by specifying the latest version (python-3.6.6).
remote: Learn More: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/python-runtimes
remote: -----> Installing python-3.6.0
remote: -----> Installing pip
remote: -----> Installing SQLite3
remote: -----> Installing requirements with pip
remote: Collecting requests>=2.12 (from -r /tmp/build_6c9b905b83df6633ae3bb4c4f833da04/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote: Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/65/47/7e02164a2a3db50ed6d8a6ab1d6d60b69c4c3fdf57a284257925dfc12bda/requests-2.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)
remote: Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests>=2.12->-r /tmp/build_6c9b905b83df6633ae3bb4c4f833da04/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote: Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/df/f7/04fee6ac349e915b82171f8e23cee63644d83663b34c539f7a09aed18f9e/certifi-2018.8.24-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147kB)
remote: Collecting urllib3<1.24,>=1.21.1 (from requests>=2.12->-r /tmp/build_6c9b905b83df6633ae3bb4c4f833da04/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote: Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bd/c9/6fdd990019071a4a32a5e7cb78a1d92c53851ef4f56f62a3486e6a7d8ffb/urllib3-1.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB)
remote: Collecting idna<2.8,>=2.5 (from requests>=2.12->-r /tmp/build_6c9b905b83df6633ae3bb4c4f833da04/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote: Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/2a/0276479a4b3caeb8a8c1af2f8e4355746a97fab05a372e4a2c6a6b876165/idna-2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58kB)
remote: Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests>=2.12->-r /tmp/build_6c9b905b83df6633ae3bb4c4f833da04/requirements.txt (line 1))
remote: Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB)
remote: Installing collected packages: certifi, urllib3, idna, chardet, requests
remote: Successfully installed certifi-2018.8.24 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.7 requests-2.19.1 urllib3-1.23
remote:
remote: -----> Discovering process types
remote: Procfile declares types -> web
remote:
remote: -----> Compressing...
remote: Done: 55.3M
remote: -----> Launching...
remote: Released v3
remote: https://floating-sands-17593.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku
remote:
remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/floating-sands-17593.git
* [new branch] master -> master当然可以直接将代码提交的heroku仓库，可以自行实验。
5. 执行heroku open命令打开部署好的网站。
6. 配置数据库，下面以postgresql为例
https://elements.heroku.com/addons/heroku-postgresql 点击install，将数据库添加到自己的应用中
postrgre中的最低级版本hobby-dev，支持少于 1 万条记录、连接数 20 、没有缓存 、不允许fork/follow、且没有 Postgres日志，无需付费的版本，可以先从这个版本上手熟悉。
也可以采用命令的方式，将hobby-dev版本的postgre数据库添加到自己的应用(appname) :
heroku addons:add heroku-postgresql:hobby-dev --app appname
添加数据库生效后，会产生一个该数据库的url（DATABASE_URL），可以通过下面的命令进行查看:
heroku config -s --app appname
查看数据库信息的命令：
heroku pg:info --app appname
与数据库建立会话命令：
heroku pg:psql --app appname, 建立连接后，可以输入sql语句
C:\Users\llz>heroku pg:psql --app floating-sands-17593
--> Connecting to postgresql-closed-48647
psql (10.5)
SSL 连接（协议：TLSv1.2，密码：ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384，密钥位：256，压缩：关闭)
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=>
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=> CREATE TABLE posts ( content TEXT,
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE(> time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE(> id SERIAL );
CREATE TABLE
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=>
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=> insert into posts values('abc');
INSERT 0 1
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=> commit;
WARNING: there is no transaction in progress
COMMIT
floating-sands-17593::DATABASE=> select * from posts;
content | time | id
---------+----------------------------+----
abc | 2018-09-16 16:21:36.222737 | 1
(1 行记录)window下部署postgre数据库说明
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-postgresql#set-up-postgres-on-windows
7. 有了数据库之后，下面就该编程来调用这个数据库了，下面以python为例
pipenv install psycopg2-binary
之后在python代码中，添加：
import os
import psycopg2
DATABASE_URL = os.environ['DATABASE_URL']
conn = psycopg2.connect(DATABASE_URL, sslmode='require')除了代码之外，还有三个比较重要的文件，这三个文件需要放在仓库中：
（1）requirements.txt 存放python依赖的模块，具体格式如下所示：
requests>=2.12
Flask>=0.12.2
psycopg2>=2.7.5
bleach>1.5.0（2）runtime.txt 运行环境配置
python-3.6.0（3）Procfile 需要执行的py文件
web: python BookmarkServer.py
调试方法
heroku logs --tail 查看服务器端的日志
常见错误日志
1. R10 Boot timeout
2018-09-16T14:44:19.344061+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Error R10 (Boot timeout) -> Web process failed to bind to $PORT within 60 seconds of launch
2018-09-16T14:44:19.344061+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGKILL
2018-09-16T14:44:19.470277+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 137
2018-09-16T14:44:19.488826+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to crashed
2018-09-16T14:44:22.212756+00:00 heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/" host=floating-sands-17593.herokuapp.com request_id=072c4c2c-2e86-4123-844b-d03bb5f00e36 fwd="223.72.44.189" dyno= connect= service= status=503 bytes= protocol=https
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/error-codes#r10-boot-timeout