上一篇介绍了Spring中bean的作用域和生命周期,今天继续来温习Spring中的另一个重要接口FactoryBean,在初学Spring时,大家可能混淆Spring中的两个接口,FactoryBean和BeanFactory,我们先来看一下这两者的各自含义,再通过简单的例子说明一下FactoryBean的使用。
String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&";
当我们去获取BeanFactory类型的bean时,如果beanName不加&则获取到对应bean的实例;如果beanName加上&,则获取到BeanFactory本身的实例;FactoryBean接口对应Spring框架来说占有重要的地位,Spring本身就提供了70多个FactoryBean的实现。他们隐藏了实例化一些复杂的细节,给上层应用带来了便利。从Spring3.0开始,FactoryBean开始支持泛型。上面的文字可能生涩难懂,我们通过两个例子才简单说明下FactoryBean的使用:
如果一个类有很多的属性,我们想通过Spring来对类中的属性进行值的注入,势必要在配置文件中书写大量属性配置,造成配置文件臃肿,那么这时可以考虑使用FactoryBean来简化配置
package com.lyc.cn.day03;
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 11:50
*/
public class Student {
/** 姓名 */
private String name;
/** 年龄 */
private int age;
/** 班级名称 */
private String className;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age, String className) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.className = className;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getClassName() {
return className;
}
public void setClassName(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", className='" + className + '\'' + '}';
}
}
package com.lyc.cn.day03;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 11:49
*/
public class StudentFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Student> {
private String studentInfo;
@Override
public Student getObject() throws Exception {
if (this.studentInfo == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'studentInfo' is required");
}
String[] splitStudentInfo = studentInfo.split(",");
if (null == splitStudentInfo || splitStudentInfo.length != 3) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'studentInfo' config error");
}
Student student = new Student();
student.setName(splitStudentInfo[0]);
student.setAge(Integer.valueOf(splitStudentInfo[1]));
student.setClassName(splitStudentInfo[2]);
return student;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return Student.class;
}
public void setStudentInfo(String studentInfo) {
this.studentInfo = studentInfo;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--注意:class是StudentFactoryBean而不是Student-->
<bean id="student" class="com.lyc.cn.day03.StudentFactoryBean" p:studentInfo="张三,25,三年二班"/>
</beans>
package com.lyc.cn.day03;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 11:59
*/
public class MyTest {
@Before
public void before() {
System.out.println("---测试开始---\n");
}
@After
public void after() {
System.out.println("\n---测试结束---");
}
@Test
public void testStudentFactoryBean() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("day03.xml");
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("student"));
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("&student"));
}
}
---测试开始---
Student{name='张三', age=25, className='三年二班'}
org.springframework.beans.factory_bean.StudentFactoryBean@1ae369b7
---测试结束---
这样我们就实现了通过BeanFactory接口达到了简化配置文件的作用。另外大家也可以发现getBean(“student”)返回的Student类的实例;而getBean("&student")返回的是StudentFactoryBean实例,即工厂bean其本身。
既然FactoryBean是一种工厂bean,那么我们就可以根据需要的类型,返回不同的bean的实例,通过代码简单说明一下
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 11:49
*/
public interface Animal {
void sayHello();
}
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 15:10
*/
public class Cat implements Animal {
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("hello, 喵喵喵...");
}
}
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 15:11
*/
public class Dog implements Animal {
@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("hello, 汪汪汪...");
}
}
创建了一个Animal接口极其两个实现类Cat和Dog,并进行简单输出,那么如何通过FactoryBean来通过配置返回不同的Animal实例呢
package com.lyc.cn.day03;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
/**
* @author: LiYanChao
* @create: 2018-09-05 15:11
*/
public class AnimalFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Animal> {
private String animal;
@Override
public Animal getObject() throws Exception {
if (null == animal) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'animal' is required");
}
if ("cat".equals(animal)) {
return new Cat();
} else if ("dog".equals(animal)) {
return new Dog();
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("animal type error");
}
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
if (null == animal) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'animal' is required");
}
if ("cat".equals(animal)) {
return Cat.class;
} else if ("dog".equals(animal)) {
return Dog.class;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("animal type error");
}
}
public void setAnimal(String animal) {
this.animal = animal;
}
}
<bean id="animal" class="com.lyc.cn.day03.AnimalFactoryBean" p:animal="cat"/>
@Test
public void testAnimalFactoryBean() {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("day03.xml");
Animal animal = applicationContext.getBean("animal", Animal.class);
animal.sayHello();
}
---测试开始---
hello, 喵喵喵...
---测试结束---
可以看到,配置文件里我们将animal配置成了cat,那么返回的就是cat的实例,也是简单工厂的一个实现
该接口的源码比较少,只声明了三个接口
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
//返回此工厂管理的对象的实例(可能Singleton和Prototype)
//如果此FactoryBean在调用时尚未完全初始化(例如,因为它涉及循环引用),则抛出相应的FactoryBeanNotInitializedException。
//从Spring 2.0开始,允许FactoryBeans返回null 对象。工厂会将此视为正常使用价值; 在这种情况下,它不再抛出FactoryBeanNotInitializedException。
//鼓励FactoryBean实现现在自己抛出FactoryBeanNotInitializedException,视情况而定。
T getObject() throws Exception;
//返回此FactoryBean创建的对象类型,默认返回null
Class<?> getObjectType();
//实例是否单例模式,默认返回true
default boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
关于FactoryBean就先分析到这里了,上面在实现FactoryBean接口时没有重写其isSingleto()方法,Spring中大部分的bean都是单例bean,如果非单例bean的话,大家可以重写该方法返回false即可。