Android进阶之路 - 四大组件之BroadcaseReceiver
众所周知BroadcaseReceiver为Android中的四大组件之一，又名为广播、喇叭，这篇我为大家带来的就是BroadcaseReceiver的详细使用方式，说到使用其中又有些许不同，下面为大家进行讲解 ~
静态注册、动态注册、有序广播、无序广播、 自定义广播、广播拦截等功能的详细使用方式
- 基础概念
- 广播分类
- 注册方式
- 使用方式与注意点
- 使用方式
- MainActivity
- CostomBroadcaseReceiver的代码（自定义广播）
- DynamicBroadcaseReceiver的代码（动态注册）
- LocalBroadcaseReceiver的代码（本地广播）
- StaticBroadcaseReceiver的代码（静态注册）
- QuickBroadcaseReceiver（优先级的广播接收者，做了拦截处理，静态广播被拦截，只能接收到优先级的广播）的代码
- activity.xml
- 清单文件
基础概念
广播分类
- 有序广播（可拦截）
- 无序广播（不可拦截）
注册方式
- 动态注册（代码注册）
- 静态注册（清单注册）
使用方式与注意点
1.使用广播首先要创建一个类继承BroadcaseReceiver，然后重写onReceiver方法（接收到广播的操作在这里执行）
2.在所依赖的Activity等寄生体之中发送广播（分有序和无序，下文都有介绍）
3.作为Android下的四大组件之一，必不可少的自然有动态注册和静态组测(清单注册)
补充：针对Android7.0的最好要实现动态注册
4.文中我并没有监听系统的一些广播，如开机，网络状态之类，而是为了方便自己定义的广播，有兴趣的可以举一反三进行广播处理
5.广播注册是必须的，那么注销也是必须的！否在会有OOM的隐藏风险！
使用方式
1.MainActivity主代码与各个接收者代码
2.MainActivity的Xml代码
3.清单文件（主要用于观察注册与优先级的处理）
MainActivity
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView mCostomBroad;
private TextView mLocalBroad;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcast;
private TextView mDynamicBroad;
private TextView mStaticBroad;
private TextView mQuickBroad;
private IntentFilter dynamic_filter;
private DynamicBroadcaseReceiver dynamicBroadcaseReceiver;
private LocalBroadcaseReceiver localBroadcaseReceiver;
private TextView mQucly;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 事件
init();
// 处理
initEvent();
/**这里要注意注册是注册，发送广播是发送广播，是前后关系，而不可混为一谈*/
// 获取本地管理者
localBroadcast = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
//动态注册-都是一个套路
IntentFilter localFilter = new IntentFilter();
localFilter.addAction("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
localBroadcaseReceiver = new LocalBroadcaseReceiver();
localBroadcast.registerReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver, localFilter);
}
/**
* 放置find-Id
* */
private void init() {
mLocalBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_local);
mCostomBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_costom);
mDynamicBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_dynamic);
mStaticBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_static);
mQuickBroad = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.Broadcase_quick);
}
/**
* 设置Click事件
* */
private void initEvent() {
mCostomBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mLocalBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mDynamicBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mStaticBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
mQuickBroad.setOnClickListener(this);
}
/**
* Event处理
* */
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
// 自定义广播
case R.id.Broadcase_costom:
Intent intent = new Intent("CostomBroadcaseReceiver");
sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
// 动态注册广播
case R.id.Broadcase_dynamic:
//和清单文件格式对应，这里是添加广播的过滤
dynamic_filter = new IntentFilter();
//添加动作= 设置广播
dynamic_filter.addAction("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
//注册广播-确定监听者与广播
dynamicBroadcaseReceiver = new DynamicBroadcaseReceiver();
registerReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver, dynamic_filter);
//Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "动态注册广播", 0).show();
Intent DynamicIntent = new Intent("DynamicBroadcaseReceiver");
sendBroadcast(DynamicIntent);
break;
// 静态广播-有序广播
case R.id.Broadcase_static:
Intent Staticintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
//一般情况的使用这种方式就是标准方式，也就是无序广播
//sendBroadcast(Staticintent);
//这样就是有序的广播了 （注意：方法不同），我们可以对其做处理，如拦截之类，
sendOrderedBroadcast(Staticintent, null);
break;
// 本地广播
case R.id.Broadcase_local:
Intent localIntent = new Intent("LocalBroadcaseReceiver");
localBroadcast.sendBroadcast(localIntent);
break;
//优先级的测试-这里我们选择静态注册，也就是直接在清单注册-设置priority
//经过测试很明显拦截广播是建立在有序广播的基础上面，同时拦截广播后只显示静态注册的Toask，而不是优先级的Toask
case R.id.Broadcase_quick:
Intent quickintent = new Intent("StaticBroadcaseReceiver");
quickintent.setAction("QuickBroadcaseReceiver");
sendOrderedBroadcast(quickintent, null);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//注销广播-因为不是本地广播的话，会有数据隐患的，好比你已经关了APP但是还是一直发广播或者接收广播，系统会自己操作，所以极为不安全，
//so if dynamicbRoadcaseReceiver ，we need shell all；(- -!)
unregisterReceiver(dynamicBroadcaseReceiver);
unregisterReceiver(localBroadcaseReceiver);
}
}
以下Recevice方法均是一个简单的Toask
CostomBroadcaseReceiver的代码（自定义广播）
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class CostomBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "自定义广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
DynamicBroadcaseReceiver的代码（动态注册）
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class DynamicBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "动态注册广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
LocalBroadcaseReceiver的代码（本地广播）
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class LocalBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "本地自定义广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
StaticBroadcaseReceiver的代码（静态注册）
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 自定义广播
* */
public class StaticBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent arg1) {
Toast.makeText(context, "静态广播广播触发", 0).show();
}
}
QuickBroadcaseReceiver（优先级的广播接收者，做了拦截处理，静态广播被拦截，只能接收到优先级的广播）的代码
package com.example.broadcasereceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class QuickBroadcaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "优先级的测试广播触发", 0).show();
abortBroadcast();
}
}
activity.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_costom"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/CostomBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_dynamic"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/DynamicBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_static"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/StaticBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_local"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/LocalBroadcase" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/Broadcase_quick"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="优先级测试" />
LinearLayout>
清单文件
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.broadcasereceiver"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
intent-filter>
activity>
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.CostomBroadcaseReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="CostomBroadcaseReceiver"/>
intent-filter>
receiver>
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.StaticBroadcaseReceiver"
>
<intent-filter >
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
intent-filter>
receiver>
<receiver android:name="com.example.broadcasereceiver.QuickBroadcaseReceiver"
>
<intent-filter android:priority="100" >
<action android:name="QuickBroadcaseReceiver"/>
<action android:name="StaticBroadcaseReceiver"/>
intent-filter>
receiver>
application>
manifest>