太长了 直接上按照书中做好的。
flask-admin最全面的中文教程
flask_web12百度云链接
包含书中功能：
基本结构【路由、视图、响应、script扩展】、
模板【渲染、变量、控制结构、自定义错误页面、链接、静态文件(只有加入了一个富文本编辑器的jscss样式)】、
表单【表单类Form、表单渲染、视图处理表单、重定向、flash消息】、
mysql数据库【定义模型、创建表、查询删除插入、迁移表更新表 一对多关系、多对多、】
组织代码构建大型程序结构【蓝图】、
用户认证【散列密码，flask-login认证】、
用户角色【角色数据库的设计创建、验证】、
用户资料【请求调度before_app_request，和使用ckeditor编辑器，头像服务】、
博客文章【创建虚拟数据，分页，分页导航】
关注者【多对多自引用关系，感觉复杂】
用户评论【多对多关系】
未包含功能：flask-bootstrap、extends继承和include模板复用，moment本地化时间、详细的请求钩子用法、上下文全局变量、会话、邮件及用户评论后面的几章
1-6章直接忽略，直接从第七章组织代码开始套入前面六章内容。重新复习一遍（加入一些原来书本没有的技术，从“深入理解flask”摘取，相当于两本书的教程合并）
20170529 使用平板
大型应用程序结构
创建flask_web文件夹进入文件夹
创建app文件夹，创建config.py,manage.py文件
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:config.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
class Config:
#保护字段，必须设置
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'strings'
#sql自动提交
SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ONTRARDOWN = True
#####
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
@staticmethod
def init_app(app):
pass
#开发配置
class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
DEBUG = True
#配置数据库路径从系统变量读取没有就根据字符串中的读取 mysql为例子
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('dev_database_url') or \
'mysql://root:@localhost:3306/flask_web'
#测试配置
class TestingConfig(Config):
TESTING = True
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('dev_database_url') or \
'mysql://root:@localhost:3306/flask_web'
class ProductionConfig(Config):
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('dev_database_url') or \
'mysql://root:@localhost:3306/flask_web'
config = {
'development' : DevelopmentConfig,
'testing': TestingConfig,
'production': ProductionConfig,
'default': DevelopmentConfig
}
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:manage.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
import os
from app import create_app,db
from flask.ext.script import Manager,Shell
from flask.ext.migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
app = create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or 'default')
manager = Manager(app)
migrate = Migrate(app)
def make_shell_context():
return dict(app=app,db=db)
manager.add_command('shell',Shell(make_context=make_shell_context))
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
note:初始化函数
"""
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask.ext.mail import Mail
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import config
mail = Mail()
moment = Moment()
db = SQLAlchemy()
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
config[config_name].init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
moment.init_app(app)
db.init_app(app)
return app
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/main/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
note:main/__init__.py Blueprint蓝图
"""
from flask import Blueprint
main = Blueprint('main',__name__)
from . import views,errors
修改函数添加蓝图
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
note:初始化函数
"""
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask.ext.mail import Mail
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLALChemy
from config import Config
mail = Mail()
moment = Moment()
db = SQLALChemy()
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
config[config_name].init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
moment.init_app(app)
db.initt_app(app)
#添加蓝图main
from .main import main as main_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)
return app
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/main/errors.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
from flask import render_template
from .import main
@main.app_errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
return render_template('404.html'),404
@main.app_errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return render_template('500.html'),500
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/main/views.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
from flask import render_template
from . import main
from .. import db
#from ..models import User
@main.route('/',methods=['GET'])
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
添加模块：
···python
pip install flask-script
pip install flask-moment
pip install flask-wtf
pip install flask-sqlalchemy
pip install flask-migrate
pip install flask-mail
···
添加html文件：app/template/index.html
index
index
#加入flash消息显示
{%for message in get_flashed_messages()%}
{{message}}
{%endfor%}
错别字他多了。。 改了很多错别字打错字母什么的
运行python manage.py runserver
↑第七章完成
第八章用户认证
使用werkzeug实现密码散列
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/models.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:数据库模型函数
"""
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash
from app import db
"""角色表 一对多，一个角色对应多个用户
db.relationship('User',backref='role')
因为User 还没有定义 所以使用字符串形式指定
"""
class Role(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True)
users = db.relationship('User',backref='role')
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.name
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_ke = True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.username
@proprty
def password(self):
raise AttributeError('password is not a readable attribute')
@password.setter
def password(self,password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def verify_password(self,password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash,password)
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:auth初始化函数
"""
from flask import Blueprint
auth = Blueprint('auth',__name__)
from . import views
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:auth视图函数
"""
from flask import render_template
from . import auth
@auth.route('/')
def login():
return render_template('auth/login.html')
创建html文件：template/auth/login.html
login
login
修改函数：
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
note:初始化函数
"""
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask.ext.mail import Mail
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import config
mail = Mail()
moment = Moment()
db = SQLAlchemy()
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
config[config_name].init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
moment.init_app(app)
db.init_app(app)
#添加蓝图main,auth
from .main import main as main_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)
from .auth import auth as auth_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(auth_blueprint,url_prefix='/auth')
return app
安装登陆模块
pip install flask-login
修改models.py
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/models.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:数据库模型函数
"""
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash
from app import db
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin
"""角色表 一对多，一个角色对应多个用户
db.relationship('User',backref='role')
因为User 还没有定义 所以使用字符串形式指定
"""
class Role(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True)
users = db.relationship('User',backref='role')
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.name
class User(UserMixin,db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_ke = True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.username
@proprty
def password(self):
raise AttributeError('password is not a readable attribute')
@password.setter
def password(self,password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def verify_password(self,password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash,password)
修改init函数：
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
note:初始化函数
"""
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask.ext.mail import Mail
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import config
from flask.ext.login import LoginManager
mail = Mail()
moment = Moment()
db = SQLAlchemy()
login_manager = LoginManager()
#session_protection属性可以设置None，basic，strong提供不同的安全等级防止用户会话遭篡改
login_manager.session_protection ='strong'
login_manager.login_views = 'auth.login'
login_manager.login_message = u"请登录后访问该页面."
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name])
config[config_name].init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
moment.init_app(app)
db.init_app(app)
#添加蓝图main,auth
from .main import main as main_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)
from .auth import auth as auth_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(auth_blueprint,url_prefix='/auth')
login_manager.init_app(app)
return app
修改models.py函数
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/models.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:数据库模型函数
"""
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash
from app import db
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin
from .import login_manager
"""角色表 一对多，一个角色对应多个用户
db.relationship('User',backref='role')
因为User 还没有定义 所以使用字符串形式指定
"""
class Role(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True)
users = db.relationship('User',backref='role')
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.name
class User(UserMixin,db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.username
@property
def password(self):
raise AttributeError('password is not a readable attribute')
@password.setter
def password(self,password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def verify_password(self,password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash,password)
@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
return User.query.get(int(user_id))
添加登陆表单，其他不用但是登陆的比较要紧所以用的话比较安全
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/forms.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
"""
from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField,PasswordField,BooleanField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required,Length,Email
class LoginForm(Form):
# email = StringField('Email',validators=[Required(),Length(1,64),Email()])
username = StringField('Username',validators=[Required(),Length(1,64)])
password = PasswordField('Password',validators=[Required()])
remember_me = BooleanField('Keep me logged in ')
submit = SubmitField('Log In')
修改函数：
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/main/views.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
from flask import render_template
from . import main
from .. import db
# from ..models import User
from flask.ext.login import login_required
@main.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
#需要登陆访问
@main.route('/main_login')
@login_required
def main_login():
return render_template('main_login.html')
创建main_login.html
main_login
main_login
修改index.html
index
index
{%if current_user is authtenticated %}
退出
{%else%}
登录
注册
{%endif%}
修改函数
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:auth视图函数
"""
from flask import render_template,redirect,request,url_for,flash
from . import auth
from flask.ext.login import login_user,login_required
from ..models import User
from .forms import LoginForm
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET'])
def login():
return render_template('auth/login.html',form=LoginForm())
@auth.route('/login',methods=['POST'])
def login_post():
form = LoginForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
login_user(user,form.remember_me.data)
return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.main_login'))
flash(u'校验数据错误')
return redirect('.login')
@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
logout_user()
flash(u'您已成功退出')
return redirect('main.index')
修改login.html
login
添加注册信息
register
修改函数
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:auth视图函数
"""
from flask import render_template,redirect,request,url_for,flash
from . import auth
from flask.ext.login import login_user,login_required
from ..models import User
from .forms import LoginForm
@auth.route('/login',methods=['GET'])
def login():
return render_template('auth/login.html',form=LoginForm())
@auth.route('/login',methods=['POST'])
def login_post():
form = LoginForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.username.data).first()
if user is not None and user.verify_password(form.password.data):
login_user(user,form.remember_me.data)
return redirect(request.args.get('next') or url_for('main.main_login'))
flash(u'校验数据错误')
return redirect('.login')
@auth.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
logout_user()
flash(u'您已成功退出')
return redirect('main.index')
@auth.route('/register')
def register():
return render_template('auth/register.html')
@auth.route('/register',methods=['POST'])
def register_post():
username = request.form.get('username')
passwrod = request.form.get('password')
repassword = request.form.get('repassword')
if password !=repassword:
flash(u'两次密码不一样')
return redirect(url_for('.register'))
user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
if user is None and len(username)>=6:
db.session.add(user)
flash(u'注册成功')
return redirect(url_for('.login'))
return render_template('auth/register.html')
初始化数据库添加数据：
python manage.py shell
from app import db
db.create_all()
from app.models import Role,User
admin_role = Role(name = 'admin')
mod_role = Role(name = 'Moderator')
user_role = Role(name = 'User')
user_admin = User(username='admins',role=admin_role)
user_mod = User(username='moderator',role=mod_role)
user_user = User(username='use',role=user_role)
db.session.add(admin_role)
db.session.add(mod_role)
db.session.add(user_role)
db.session.add_all([user_admin,user_mod,user_user])
db.session.commit()
运行python manage.py runserver
就可以登陆 注册了。
第九章 用户角色
修改模型：
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/models.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:数据库模型函数
"""
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash
from app import db
from flask.ext.login import UserMixin,AnonymousUserMixin
from .import login_manager
#权限
class Permission:
FOLLOW = 0x01 #关注
COMMIT = 0x02 #在他人的文章中发表评论
WRITE_ARTICLES = 0x03 #写文章
MODERATE_COMMENTS = 0x04 #管理他人发表的评论
ADMINISTER = 0x99 #管理员
"""角色表 一对多，一个角色对应多个用户
db.relationship('User',backref='role')
因为User 还没有定义 所以使用字符串形式指定
"""
class Role(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True)
default = db.Column(db.Boolean,default=False,index=True)
permissions = db.Column(db.Integer)
users = db.relationship('User',backref='role',lazy='dynamic')
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.name
@staticmethod
def insert_roles():
roles = {
'User':(Permission.FOLLOW|
Permission.COMMIT|
Permission.WRITE_ARTICLES,True),
'Moderator':(Permission.FOLLOW|
Permission..COMMIT|
Permission.WRITE_ARTICLES|
Permission.MODERATE_COMMENTS,False),
'Administrator':(0xff,False)
}
for r in roles:
role = Role.query.filter_by(name=r).first()
if role is None:
role = Role(name=r)
role.permissions = roles[r][0]
role.default = role[r][1]
db.session.add(role)
db.session.commit()
class User(UserMixin,db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
def __init__(self,**kwargs):
super(User,self).__init__(**kwarrgs)
#赋予角色信息
if self.role is None:
if self.username ==current_add.config['SUPERADMIN_NAME']:
self.role = Role.query.filter_by(permissions=0xff).first()
if self.role is None:
self.role = Role.query.filter_by(default=True).first()
def __repr__(self):
return '' % self.username
@property
def password(self):
raise AttributeError('password is not a readable attribute')
@password.setter
def password(self,password):
self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)
def verify_password(self,password):
return check_password_hash(self.password_hash,password)
#验证角色
def can(self,permissions):
return self.role is not None and \
(self.role.permissions & permissions) ==permissions
#验证角色
def is_administrator(self):
return self.can(Permission.ADMINISTER)
#验证角色
class AnonymousUser(AnonymousUserMixin):
def can(self,permissions):
return False
def is_administrator(self):
return False
#验证角色
login_manager.anonymous_user = AnonymousUser
@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
return User.query.get(int(user_id))
创建自定义装饰器给特定的权限开放
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:decorators.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note: 让视图函数只对具有特定权限的用户开发 自定义装饰器
"""
from functools import wraps
from flask import abort
from flask.ext.login import current_user
def permission_required(permission):
def decorator(f):
@wraps(f)
def decorated_function(*args,**kwargs):
if not current_user.can(permission):
abort(403)
return f(*args,**kwargs)
return decorated_function
return decorator
def admin_required(f):
return permission_required(Permission.ADMINISTER)(f)
修改函数：
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/main/views.py
Created 2017-05-29
Author: by anaf
"""
from flask import render_template
from . import main
from .. import db
# from ..models import User
from flask.ext.login import login_required
from decorators import admin_required,permission_required
from .models import Permission
@main.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
#需要登陆访问
@main.route('/main_login')
@login_required
def main_login():
return render_template('main_login.html')
#需要登陆，且需要管理员权限
@main.route('/admin_main')
@login_required
@admin_required
def for_admin_only():
return "for admin"
#需要登陆，且定义权限的函数
@main.route('/moderator')
@login_required
@permission_required(Permission.MODERATE_COMMENTS)
def for_moderators_only():
return "for coment moderators"
以上有一些错误，也就是书本的错误，比如没有导入对应的类所以导致变量未定义。上面代码就不改正了
本章结束
第十章用户资料
修改模型，添加字段
class User(UserMixin,db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64),unique=True,index=True)
password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
name = db.Column(db.String(64))
location = db.Column(db.String(64))
about_me = db.Column(db.Text())
member_since = db.Column(db.Datetime(),default=datetime.utcnow)
last_seen = db.Column(db.DateTime(),default=datetime.utcnow)
#刷新用户最后访问时间
def ping(self):
self.last_seen = datetime.utcnow()
db.session.add(self)
#coding=utf-8
"""filename:app/auth/__init__.py
Created 2017-05-30
Author: by anaf
note:auth视图函数
"""
#...
@auth.before_app_request
def before_request():
if current_user.is_authenticated:
current_user.ping()
#书本中还代码的 不知道方法有什么用 所以省去也没见有什么变化