linux下安装mysql8（基于yum安装和mysql安装包离线安装两种方式）
试验环境：
- centos7 x64 最小化安装
- mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
- 或mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
说明：
linux下安装mysql这里有两种方式
- 1.基于rpm安装
- 2.完全手动安装
参考文章：
- https://blog.csdn.net/github_39533414/article/details/80144890
一、基于rpm方式安装
1.1 在mysql官网上下载对应的rpm包：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
1.2 将这个rpm包用winscp工具拷贝到linux“/soft”目录下
1.3 安装rpm：yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost soft]# yum -y install mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在检查 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-3 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=====================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=====================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql80-community-release noarch el7-3 /mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 31 k
事务概要
=====================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：31 k
安装大小：31 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 1/1
验证中 : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 1/1
已安装:
mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-3
完毕！
1.4 安装mysql：yum install -y install mysql-community-server
[root@localhost soft]# yum install -y install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
没有可用软件包 install。
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.8.0.17-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.17-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 net-tools，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.8.0.17-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.8.0.17-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 net-tools.x86_64.0.2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.60-1.el7_5 将被 取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.8.0.17-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.8.0.17-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=====================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=====================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.17-1.el7 mysql80-community 3.0 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.17-1.el7 mysql80-community 2.1 M
替换 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.17-1.el7 mysql80-community 415 M
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.17-1.el7 mysql80-community 32 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.17-1.el7 mysql80-community 589 k
net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 base 306 k
事务概要
=====================================================================================================================================
安装 3 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
总计：453 M
总下载量：447 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密 钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(1/2): mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:02:16
(2/2): mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 415 MB 00:26:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 294 kB/s | 447 MB 00:26:00
从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
用户ID : "MySQL Release Engineering "
指纹 : a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
软件包 : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch (installed)
来自 : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 2/7
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
正在安装 : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64 4/7
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 5/7
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 6/7
正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 7/7
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 1/7
验证中 : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64 2/7
验证中 : mysql-community-server-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 3/7
验证中 : mysql-community-common-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 4/7
验证中 : mysql-community-client-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 5/7
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.17-1.el7.x86_64 6/7
验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 7/7
已安装:
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.17-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.17-1.el7
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.17-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.17-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.17-1.el7
net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7
替代:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
完毕！
1.5 启动mysql：
[root@localhost soft]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost soft]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2019-08-26 18:43:48 CST; 28s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 15909 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 15997 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─15997 /usr/sbin/mysqld
8月 26 18:43:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
8月 26 18:43:48 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
1.6 查看mysql默认安装密码：
[root@localhost soft]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-08-26T10:43:37.022246Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2Qyo)zfespVs
1.7 使用默认密码登录mysql：
root@localhost soft]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.17
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
1.8 修改root密码：
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test(123456)TEST';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
修改密码后现在就可以正常的去操作了。
二、基于mysql安装包安装
2.1 下载mysql安装包
下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
网盘下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bGBriTUB5Iafq1_9uhclYA
2.2 将mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz上传到linux目录“/usr/local”下
2.3 解压这个安装包
tar -Jxf mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost local]# tar -Jxf mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@localhost local]#
解压后在“/usr/local”下面将会多一个目录“mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64”
将这个目录重命名为mysql：mv mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-8.0.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
2.4 创建mysql用户组及用户，并给mysql用户设置密码
[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# passwd mysql
更改用户 mysql 的密码 。
新的 密码：123qweGHJ
重新输入新的 密码：123qweGHJ
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
2.5 修改mysql配置文件：（/etc/my.cnf）
首先解释下：my.cnf文件最初就存在，这是因为centos7中安装了mariadb
最终修改的结果如下：
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
2.6 在mysql目录下新建data文件夹用于存放数据库文件
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data
2.7 在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限（注意后面的小点，表示当前目录）
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
总用量 452
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 06:35 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月 26 23:01 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 86 6月 27 06:35 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 261 6月 27 06:35 include
drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 06:35 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 336955 6月 25 18:23 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 101805 6月 25 18:23 LICENSE.router
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 6月 27 06:35 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 687 6月 25 18:23 README
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 700 6月 25 18:23 README.router
drwxrwxr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 6月 27 06:35 run
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 06:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 77 6月 27 06:35 support-files
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 17 6月 27 06:35 var
2.8 初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
注意：执行后在/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log文件中找到下面一行：
这个密码就是root的初始密码。
2.9 启动mysql：./support-files/mysql.server start
[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL............ SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# ps -aux|grep mysql
root 7690 0.2 0.1 113312 1644 pts/1 S 18:08 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysq/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
mysql 7893 20.4 37.6 1355728 375092 pts/1 Sl 18:08 0:04 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/error.log --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 7948 0.0 0.0 112724 988 pts/1 S+ 18:08 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
2.10 登录mysql,修改root用户密码：
./bin/mysql -uroot -p
alter user ‘root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘123456’;
注意使用上面生成的密码：tklkPTcwb6?l
修改成功后退出登录exit
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.17
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql>
2.11 配置mysql允许远程访问：
创建远程登录对象：CREATE USER ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
授权远程登录：grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@’%’ with grant option;
强制刷新：flush privileges;
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.12 mysql的启动、停止、重启命令
启动命令： ./support-files/mysql.server start
重启命令：./support-files/mysql.server restart
停止命令：./support-files/mysql.server stop
[root@localhost mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
客户端连接：./bin/mysql -hlocalhost -P3306 -uroot -p
，简写形式：./bin/mysql -uroot -p
2.13 mysql8的用户密码问题
说明： 由于mysql8的密码采用了“caching_sha2_password”模式，而老版的是“mysql_native_password”模式，所以造成很多客户端连接不上。
解决方案: 1. 升级客户端 2.修改mysql8的密码模式
如何修改mysql8的密码模式：
- 在my.cnf 文件中添加：default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password 然后重启mysql，之后新建的用户都是“mysql_native_password”模式的
- 对于安装时已经存在的用户(比如：root)或想给单个用户设定密码模式的可以采用如下命令：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)