一、多线程
import time, datetime
import threading
print("start of program...")
def test():
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
"Action: sleep..")
time.sleep(5)
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
"Action:wake up")
threadObj = threading.Thread(target=test)
threadObj.start()
print("Enf of program")
---
start of program...
2018-01-17 17:22:21 Action: sleep..
Enf of program
2018-01-17 17:22:26 Action:wake up
向线程的目标函数中传递参数
>>> import threading
>>> threadObj = threading.Thread(target=print,args=['Cats','Dogs','Frogs'],kwargs={'sep':'&'})
>>> threadObj.start()
Cats&Dogs&Frogs
从python中启动其他的程序
from subprocess import Popen
Popen(r"C:\Program Files\Sublime Text 3\sublime_text.exe")
二、类的简单使用
1.基础类
class Dog():
def __init__(self, age, name):
self.age = age
self.name = name
def DescribeDog(self):
print("My Dog's name is %s and now it is %s years old." %
(self.name.title(), self.age))
MyDog = Dog("1", "dahuang")
MyDog.DescribeDog()
-----
My Dog's name is Dahuang and now it is 1 years old.
2.父类、子类及类的调用
# ================================1.car 的父类================================
class Car():
def __init__(self, make, model, years):
"""make:生产商,model:型号,years:生产年限"""
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.years = years
self.odometer_reading = 0 # 设置一个参数,汽车跑的总里程数,初始值为0,无需外界传入
def get_descriptive_name(self):
long_name = str(self.years) + ',' + self.model + ',' + self.make
return long_name.title()
def read_odometer(self):
# self.odometer_reading = 23
print("this car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
def update_odometer(self, newmiles):
"""
将里程表读数设定为指定的值
禁止将里程表的读数往回拨
"""
# self.odometer_reading = newmiles
if self.odometer_reading <= newmiles:
self.odometer_reading = newmiles
else:
print("you can not rollback an old meter !")
# ======================2.子类的创建======================================
# 创建子类时,父类必须包含在当前文件中,且位于子类前面
# 创建子类的实例时,Python首先需要完成的任务是给父类的所有属性赋值
# super()是一个特殊函数,帮助Python将父类和子类关联起来
# =========================================================================
class ElectricCar(Car): # 括号中object表示从哪里继承父类
def __init__(self, make, model, years):
super().__init__(make, model, years) # 继承父类的属性(其中的方法),与Python2 版本中写法不一样
self.battery = Battery(66) # 调用Battery类
def read_odometer(self):
"""重写父类的方法:在子类中定义一个与要重写的父类方法同名。这样,Python就不会继承这个父类方法"""
print("elc car not need read miles.")
# ============================3.将实例用作属性==================================
# 将类的一部分作为一个独立的类提取出来,可以将大型类拆分成多个协同工作的小类
# 如下方的Battery实例可以用作ElectricCar类的一个属性
# ==============================================================================
class Battery():
def __init__(self, battery_size=100):
"""初始化电池的容量"""
self.battery_size = battery_size
def describe_battery(self):
"""描述电池剩余量"""
print("this electriccar has a " + str(self.battery_size) + " -kWh battery.")
my_car = Car('benci', 'hhhh', 2017)
elc_car = ElectricCar('aodi', 'yy', 2018)
print(my_car.get_descriptive_name())
print(elc_car.get_descriptive_name())
elc_car.read_odometer()
# my_car.odometer_reading = 50
my_car.update_odometer(50)
my_car.read_odometer()
elc_car.battery.describe_battery() # 调用3中的battery类
- github地址:
三、JSON 对象
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,易于人阅读和编写。
- json.dumps 将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串
- json.loads 将已编码的 JSON 字符串解码为 Python 对象
Note: json.dumps()与json.dump()的区别在于
json.dumps()
用于将dict类型的数据转成str,json.dump()
用于将dict类型的数据转成str,并写入到json文件中,同理,json.loads()是用于将str类型的数据转成dict, json.load()用于从json文件中读取数据。
Eg1:json.dumps()和json.loads()的简单应用举例
import json
data = {'a': '1111', 'b': '2222', 'c': '3333', 'd': '4444'}
jsDumps = json.dumps(data)
jsLoads = json.loads(jsDumps)
print(data, type(data), jsDumps, type(jsDumps), jsLoads, type(jsLoads), sep='\n')
---
{'c': '3333', 'b': '2222', 'd': '4444', 'a': '1111'}
{"c": "3333", "b": "2222", "d": "4444", "a": "1111"}
{'c': '3333', 'b': '2222', 'd': '4444', 'a': '1111'}
# 如果想要数据展示的美观点,可以添加点其他参数如缩进,排序等
print(json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(',', ':')))
-----
{
"a":"1111",
"b":"2222",
"c":"3333",
"d":"4444"
}
Eg2: json.load()和json.dump()的应用举例。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
"""
文档的功能:把用户名字记录到json文件中,当用户第二次打开时,检测到json文件中有该内容,就会直接将json文件中的内容反馈给用户。
"""
import json
def get_stored_username():
"""如果存储了用户名,就获取它"""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f_obj:
username = json.load(f_obj)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
except ValueError:
return None
else:
return username
def get_new_username():
"""提示用户输入用户名"""
filename = 'username.json'
username = input("What is your name? ")
with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
json.dump(username, f_obj)
return username
def Welcome_user():
"""问候用户,并指出其名字"""
username = get_stored_username()
if username:
print("Welcome back, " + username + "!")
else:
username = get_new_username()
print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")
Welcome_user()