<英语语法>名词从句之主语从句(一)

近日报名参加英语语法学习网络课程,拟将学习内容集中整理,巩固知识,并且供后续查阅使用。

No.1 名词从句之主语从句
主语从句,即以从句作为句子的主语成分,包括以下3种类型:

  1. 一般陈述句做句子主语,用that引导,that位于句首,不可省略;
  2. 一般疑问句做句子主语,用whether引导,whether位于句首,不可使用if;
  3. 特殊疑问句做主语,用特殊疑问词引导,特殊疑问词位于句首;
  4. it作形式主语,连接词可以用that、whether/if、特殊疑问词。

That位于句首,引导一般陈述句作句子主语

课堂作业及参考答案

  1. 课堂作业:所有被砍伐的木材里有多达四分之一没有被利用,这件事被证明是假的。
  2. 我的翻译:That as much as a quarter of the cut timber didn't be used has been proved to be fake.
  3. 参考答案:That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.

复盘总结

句子结构
<英语语法>名词从句之主语从句(一)_第1张图片
句子分解
单词选用
  1. 木材: timber与wood

    wood: a hard substance which forms the branches and trunks of trees and which can be used as a building material, for making things, or as a fuel
    timber: wood used for building
    ——引用自《剑桥双解》

    由以上词典释义可见,“timber”专指用于建筑的木材,而wood可以是用于多种目的的木材,包含但不仅限于建筑。在此句中,由于没有前后语境,因此两者都可用。

  2. 砍伐:harvest、cut和chop

    harvest:the gathering of crops from the fields.
    cut: to use a knife, scissors, or another sharp tool to divide or remove something, make something look neat etc.
    chop: to cut wood, vegetables, meat etc into pieces, using a heavy knife or an axe.
    ——引用自《朗文搭配》

    由以上词典释义可见,harvest强调一个收集的意思,而cut则是用利器分解或移除某物,没有收集的意思。chop强调的是切成块。
    如例句中使用timber,强调收集起来用于建筑的木材,则使用harvest更为合适。

  3. 假的:fake与false

    false: not true or not real
    fake: made to look like something else, especially in order to deceive people
    ——引用自《朗文搭配》

    由以上词典释义可见,fake特别强调是为了欺骗别人,而false则比较中性,可以是欺骗别人,也可以只是客观地表达某事物是不真实的。

固定用法
  1. prove to be
    这里容易将prove当成一般动词,于是看到中文中“被证明”这一表述,就使用be proved to be,这是错误用法。
    实际上prove是系动词(linking verb),to be是不定式作表语,不能使用被动语态。
    例如:The news proved to be ture. 这则消息被证明是真是的。这一句子结构是:主语+系动词+表语。prove并不是充当谓语。
  2. as much as
    像……那样多,多到……(程度)
    *如果修饰的内容是可数的,则使用as many as
  3. 过去分词作后置定语
    参考答案中,“被砍伐”是用harvested这一过去分词做后置定语,而我受中文习惯影响,定语前置。
我的错误用法

didn't be used:be used已经是系表结构,不需要加上谓语动词do。

拓展造句
  1. that 引导的主语从句在句首
    That I traveled to Japan with my good friend is the most exciting thing this year.
    That I'm getting fatter and fatter is a terrible fact.
  2. prove to be true/false
    The news posted this morning proved to be false.
    His personal information proved to be false.
  3. as much as,表示“多到……地步”
    She can drink as much as 0.5 kilogram of white wine at a time.
    As much as one-fourth of our spending can be saved.

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