DelayQueue的原理和使用浅谈

　　在谈到DelayQueue的使用和原理的时候，我们首先介绍一下DelayQueue，DelayQueue是一个无界阻塞队列，只有在延迟期满时才能从中提取元素。该队列的头部是延迟期满后保存时间最长的Delayed 元素。

　　DelayQueue阻塞队列在我们系统开发中也常常会用到，例如：缓存系统的设计，缓存中的对象，超过了空闲时间，需要从缓存中移出；任务调度系统，能够准确的把握任务的执行时间。我们可能需要通过线程处理很多时间上要求很严格的数据，如果使用普通的线程，我们就需要遍历所有的对象，一个一个的检 查看数据是否过期等，首先这样在执行上的效率不会太高，其次就是这种设计的风格也大大的影响了数据的精度。一个需要12:00点执行的任务可能12:01 才执行,这样对数据要求很高的系统有更大的弊端。由此我们可以使用DelayQueue。

　　为了具有调用行为，存放到DelayDeque的元素必须继承Delayed接口。Delayed接口使对象成为延迟对象，它使存放在DelayQueue类中的对象具有了激活日期。该接口强制执行下列两个方法。

• CompareTo(Delayed o)：Delayed接口继承了Comparable接口，因此有了这个方法。
• getDelay(TimeUnit unit):这个方法返回到激活日期的剩余时间，时间单位由单位参数指定。

public class DelayEvent implements Delayed {
    private Date startDate;
    public DelayEvent(Date startDate) {
        super();
        this.startDate = startDate;
    }
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
        long result = this.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
                - o.getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        if (result < 0) {
            return -1;
        } else if (result > 0) {
            return 1;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
        Date now = new Date();
        long diff = startDate.getTime() - now.getTime();
        return unit.convert(diff, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
}

public class DelayTask implements Runnable {
    private int id;
    private DelayQueue queue;
    public DelayTask(int id, DelayQueue queue) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.queue = queue;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        Date now = new Date();
        Date delay = new Date();
        delay.setTime(now.getTime() + id * 1000);
        System.out.println("Thread " + id + " " + delay);
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            DelayEvent delayEvent = new DelayEvent(delay);
            queue.add(delayEvent);
        }
    }
}

public class DelayDequeMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DelayQueue queue = new DelayQueue();
        Thread threads[] = new Thread[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            DelayTask task = new DelayTask(i + 1, queue);
            threads[i] = new Thread(task);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            try {
                threads[i].join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        do {
            int counter = 0;
            DelayEvent delayEvent;
            do {
                delayEvent = queue.poll();
                if (delayEvent != null) {
                    counter++;
                }
            } while (delayEvent != null);
            System.out.println("At " + new Date() + " you have read " + counter+ " event");
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
        } while (queue.size() > 0);
    }
}

Thread 3 Fri May 06 11:00:20 CST 2016
Thread 1 Fri May 06 11:00:18 CST 2016
Thread 5 Fri May 06 11:00:22 CST 2016
Thread 4 Fri May 06 11:00:21 CST 2016
Thread 2 Fri May 06 11:00:19 CST 2016
At Fri May 06 11:00:17 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:18 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:18 CST 2016 you have read 100 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:19 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:19 CST 2016 you have read 100 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:20 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:20 CST 2016 you have read 100 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:21 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:21 CST 2016 you have read 100 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:22 CST 2016 you have read 0 event
At Fri May 06 11:00:22 CST 2016 you have read 100 event