okhttp之旅(二)--请求与响应流程

OKhttp源码解析详解系列

1 述 流程

  • Okhttp的整个请求与响应的流程就是Dispatcher不断从Request Queue里取出请求(Call),根据是否已经存存缓存,从内存缓存或者服务器获取请求的数据。
  • 请求分为同步和异步两种,同步请求通过调用Call.exectute()方法直接返回当前请求的Response,异步请求调用Call.enqueue()方法将请求(AsyncCall)添加到请求队列中去,并通过回调(Callback)获取服务器返回的结果。
okhttp之旅(二)--请求与响应流程_第1张图片
流程图.png
  • 流程图,很像计算机网络的OSI七层模型,Okhttp正式采用这种思路,利用拦截器Interceptor将整套框架纵向分层,简化了设计逻辑,提升了框架扩展性。
    通过上面的流程图,我们可以知道在整个请求与响应流程中,以下几点是我们需要重点关注的:
  • Dispatcher是如何进行请求调度的?
  • 各个拦截器是如何实现的?
  • 连接与连接池是如何建立和维护的?

具体的函数调用链

okhttp之旅(二)--请求与响应流程_第2张图片
16146b3c0e9f8411.png

2 请求的封装

请求是由Okhttp发出,真正的请求都被封装了在了接口Call的实现类RealCall中

2.1 Call接口如下所示:

public interface Call extends Cloneable {
    
  //返回当前请求
  Request request();

  //同步请求方法,此方法会阻塞当前线程知道请求结果放回
  Response execute() throws IOException;

  //异步请求方法,此方法会将请求添加到队列中,然后等待请求返回
  void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);

  //取消请求
  void cancel();

  //请求是否在执行,当execute()或者enqueue(Callback responseCallback)执行后该方法返回true
  boolean isExecuted();

  //请求是否被取消
  boolean isCanceled();

  //创建一个新的一模一样的请求
  Call clone();

  interface Factory {
    Call newCall(Request request);
  }
}

2.2 RealCall的构造方法如下所示:

final class RealCall implements Call {
    
  private RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    //我们构建的OkHttpClient,用来传递参数
    this.client = client;
    this.originalRequest = originalRequest;
    //是不是WebSocket请求,WebSocket是用来建立长连接的,后面我们会说。
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
    //构建RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor拦截器
    this.retryAndFollowUpInterceptor = new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client, forWebSocket);
  }
}

RealCall实现了Call接口,它封装了请求的调用,这个构造函数的逻辑也很简单:赋值外部传入的OkHttpClient、Request与forWebSocket,并 创建了重试与重定向拦截器RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor。

3 请求的发送

RealCall将请求分为两种

  • 同步请求
  • 异步请求

3.1 对比

同步请求

@Override
public Response execute() throws IOException {
    synchronized (this) {
        if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
        executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    try {
        client.dispatcher().executed(this);
        Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
        if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
        return result;
    } catch (IOException e) {
        eventListener.callFailed(this, e);
        throw e;
    } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
    }
}

异步请求

@Override
public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
    synchronized (this) {
        if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
        executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    eventListener.callStart(this);
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}

AsyncCall --RealCall的内部类

final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
    private final Callback responseCallback;

    AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
        super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
        this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
    }

    String host() {
        return originalRequest.url().host();
    }

    Request request() {
        return originalRequest;
    }

    RealCall get() {
        return RealCall.this;
    }

    @Override
    protected void execute() {
        boolean signalledCallback = false;
        try {
            Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
            if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
                signalledCallback = true;
                responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
            } else {
                signalledCallback = true;
                responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (signalledCallback) {
                // Do not signal the callback twice!
                Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
            } else {
                eventListener.callFailed(RealCall.this, e);
                responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
            }
        } finally {
            client.dispatcher().finished(this);
        }
    }
}

从上面实现可以看出
相同点

  • 不管是同步请求还是异步请求都是Dispatcher在处理:
  • 在执行请求之前都会回调eventListener.callStart(this);
  • 通过getResponseWithInterceptorChain()获取Response

不同点

  • 同步请求:直接执行,并返回请求结果
  • 异步请求:构造一个AsyncCall,并将自己加入处理队列中
  • 异步请求多了responseCallback

3 请求的调度

public final class Dispatcher {
    
      private int maxRequests = 64;
      private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
    
      /** Ready async calls in the order they'll be run. */
      private final Deque readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
    
      /** Running asynchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
      private final Deque runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
    
      /** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
      private final Deque runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
      
      /** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
      synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
        runningSyncCalls.add(call);
      }

      synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
      //正在运行的异步请求不得超过64,同一个host下的异步请求不得超过5个
      if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
        runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
        executorService().execute(call);
      } else {
        readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
      }
    }
}

Dispatcher是一个任务调度器,它内部维护了三个双端队列:

  • readyAsyncCalls:准备运行的异步请求
  • runningAsyncCalls:正在运行的异步请求
  • runningSyncCalls:正在运行的同步请求
  • 同步请求就直接把请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列runningSyncCalls中,
  • 异步请求会做个判断:
    如果正在运行的异步请求不超过64,而且同一个host下的异步请求不得超过5个则将请求添加到正在运行的同步请求队列中runningAsyncCalls并开始 执行请求,否则就添加到readyAsyncCalls继续等待。

4 请求的处理

4.1 getResponseWithInterceptorChain

final class RealCall implements Call {
    Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
        // Build a full stack of interceptors.
        List interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
        interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
        interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
        interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
        interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
        interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
        if (!forWebSocket) {
            interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
        }
        interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));

        Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
                originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
                client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());

        return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
    }
}

短短几行代码,完成了对请求的所有处理过程。

  • 首先一次将
    用户添加的拦截器client.interceptors()--retryAndFollowUpInterceptor(重定向)--BridgeInterceptor--CacheInterceptor--ConnectInterceptor--networkInterceptors(非forWebSocket)--CallServerInterceptor加入到列表中。
  • 接着构造一个拦截器链index=0的链元素RealInterceptorChain
  • 最终调用第一个链元素的proceed

4.2

public final class RealInterceptorChain implements Interceptor.Chain {
    @Override
    public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
        return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
    }
    public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
                            RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
        //index的初始值是0
        if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();

        calls++;

        // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
        if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
                    + " must retain the same host and port");
        }

        // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
        if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
                    + " must call proceed() exactly once");
        }

        // Call the next interceptor in the chain.
        //获取链中的下一个拦截器
        RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec,
                connection, index + 1, request, call, eventListener, connectTimeout, readTimeout,
                writeTimeout);
        //获取当前拦截器
        Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
        //调用当前拦截器的intercept并传入下一个拦截器
        Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

        // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
        if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
                    + " must call proceed() exactly once");
        }

        // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
        if (response == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
        }

        if (response.body() == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "interceptor " + interceptor + " returned a response with no body");
        }

        return response;
    }
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();
    //1 Request阶段,该拦截器在Request阶段负责做的事情

    //2 调用RealInterceptorChain.proceed(),其实是在递归调用下一个拦截器的intercept()方法
    response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);

    //3 Response阶段,完成了该拦截器在Response阶段负责做的事情,然后返回到上一层的拦截器。
    return response;     
    }
  }

  • 在当前链元素的proceed()中会构造下一个链元素next,并获取到当前链元素的拦截器interceptor,调用拦截器的interceptor.intercept(next);将next传进去。
  • 在intercept(next)继续会调用next的proceed()直到最后一个CallServerInterceptor。在该拦截其中没有调用next的proceed()
  • 最后将Response逐级返回。
  • 它的实现采用责任链模式
  • 它们的功能如下
  • RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor:负责重定向。
  • BridgeInterceptor:负责把用户构造的请求转换为发送给服务器的请求,把服务器返回的响应转换为对用户友好的响应。
  • CacheInterceptor:负责读取缓存以及更新缓存。
  • ConnectInterceptor:负责与服务器建立连接。
  • CallServerInterceptor:负责从服务器读取响应的数据。

从上面的描述可知,Request是按照interpretor的顺序正向处理,而Response是逆向处理的。这参考了OSI七层模型的原理。上面我们也提到过。CallServerInterceptor相当于最底层的物理层,
请求从上到逐层包装下发,响应从下到上再逐层包装返回。很漂亮的设计。

  • 位置决定功能,位置靠前的先执行,最后一个则复制与服务器通讯,请求从RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor开始层层传递到CallServerInterceptor,每一层
    都对请求做相应的处理,处理的结构再从CallServerInterceptor层层返回给RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor,最红请求的发起者获得了服务器返回的结果。
  • 以上便是Okhttp整个请求与响应的具体流程,可以发现拦截器才是Okhttp核心功能所在,我们来逐一分析每个拦截器的实现。

参考

https://juejin.im/post/5a704ed05188255a8817f4c9

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