所以的驱动教程上都说:只有设备和驱动的名字匹配,BUS就会调用驱动的probe函数,但是有时我们要看看probe函数里面到底做了什么,还有传递给probe函数的参数我们就不知道在哪定义(反正不是我们在驱动里定义的),如果不知道传递进的参数,去看probe函数总是感觉不求甚解的样子(你对系统不求甚解,系统也会对你的要求不求甚解的),心里对自己写出的程序没底,保不齐那天来个bug,就悲剧了。
这里以static int__devinit sst25l_probe(struct spi_device *spi)为例看看传递进的参数structspi_device *spi到底是什么,在哪定义,什么时候定义,定义了有什么用…?(本着“five W and H”的原则打破沙锅问到底)。首先struct spi_device *spi不是我们定义的驱动里定义的;其次在read,write等函数里都有struct spi_device *spi的影子,不过不是直接传递进去的,而是通过传递进去struct mtd_info *mtd,然后to_sst25l_flash(mtd),即container_of()出包含mtd的struct sst25l_flash *flash,其中flash里的第一个成员就是structspi_device *spi,而此成员的赋值就是将传递给probe中的struct spi_device *spi赋值给struct sst25l_flash *flash的,有代码为证:
static int __devinit sst25l_probe(structspi_device *spi)
{
structflash_info *flash_info;
structsst25l_flash *flash;
……
flash->spi = spi;// 将structspi_device *spi赋值给struct sst25l_flash *flash
mutex_init(&flash->lock);
dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev,flash);// &spi->dev ->p->driver_data = flash保持flash
……
}
所以搞清楚structspi_device *spi的来源是搞清楚设备驱动与主控驱动的联系纽带的关键之一,当然要首先搞清楚probe函数什么时候调用才能搞清楚struct spi_device *spi怎么传递的,其重要性不言而喻(虽然言了很多,^-^,有点唐僧了)。我们先从驱动的init开始入手,毕竟这是驱动注册开始的地方,也是一系列后续操作引发的地方:
static int __init sst25l_init(void)
{
returnspi_register_driver(&sst25l_driver);
}
里面只有一个函数,最喜欢这样的函数了:
int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver*sdrv)
{
sdrv->driver.bus= &spi_bus_type;
if(sdrv->probe)
sdrv->driver.probe= spi_drv_probe;
if(sdrv->remove)
sdrv->driver.remove= spi_drv_remove;
if(sdrv->shutdown)
sdrv->driver.shutdown= spi_drv_shutdown;
return driver_register(&sdrv->driver);
}
前面都是赋值,直接最后一个语句:
int driver_register(struct device_driver*drv)
{
intret;
structdevice_driver *other;
……
ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
if(ret)
returnret;
ret= driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
if(ret)
bus_remove_driver(drv);
returnret;
}
bus_add_driver(drv)看着就像“好人”:
int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver*drv)
{
structbus_type *bus;
structdriver_private *priv;
interror = 0;
……
if(drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
error= driver_attach(drv);
if(error)
goto out_unregister;
}
……
}
driver_attach看着也很“友善”(函数名中带get,init的一般都不是,如果里面有几个“友善”的,一首歌中已经告诉了我们解决的办法:“xx就像偶尔拨不通的电话号码,多试几次总会回答,……”,如果网上找不到,只好挨个跟踪了,我就这样找的,笨人只好采取笨办法,也是没有办法的办法了):
int driver_attach(struct device_driver*drv)
{
returnbus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
}
里面只有一个函数,goon:
int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus,struct device *start, void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
{
structklist_iter i;
structdevice *dev;
interror = 0;
if(!bus)
return -EINVAL;
klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices,&i, (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL));
while((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)
error = fn(dev,data);
klist_iter_exit(&i);
returnerror;
}
看到这里好像没有我们想要找的attach,只执行了个fn()函数,肿么回事?到回头看看哪里漏了,在bus_for_each_dev中传递了个 __driver_attach,也就是在bus_for_each_dev执行了__driver_attach(dev, data),那么它里面到底执行了什么?
static int __driver_attach(struct device*dev, void *data)
{
structdevice_driver *drv = data;
if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
return 0;
if(dev->parent)/* Needed for USB */
device_lock(dev->parent);
device_lock(dev);
if(!dev->driver)
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
device_unlock(dev);
if(dev->parent)
device_unlock(dev->parent);
return0;
}
有个driver_probe_device(drv,dev),继续跟踪:
int driver_probe_device(structdevice_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
{
intret = 0;
……
ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
returnret;
}
有个really_probe(dev,drv),linux神马的就喜欢这样,经常一个函数传递给另一函数,后一个函数就是在前一个函数前加“do_”、“really_”、“__”,还经常的就是宏定义的或inline的。
static int really_probe(struct device *dev,struct device_driver *drv)
{
intret = 0;
……
if(dev->bus->probe) {
ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
if(ret)
gotoprobe_failed;
}else if (drv->probe) {
ret = drv->probe(dev);
if(ret)
gotoprobe_failed;
}
……
returnret;
}
这里如果有总线上的probe函数就调用总线的probe函数,如果没有则调用drv的probe函数。
在static int__driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)中先调用了driver_match_device(drv,dev),用于匹配,成功才继续执行,否则直接返回了。driver_match_device(drv, dev)中:
static inline intdriver_match_device(struct device_driver *drv,
struct device *dev)
{
returndrv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
}
即如果match函数的指针不为空,则执行此bus的match函数,也就是为什么资料上老是说总线负责匹配设备和驱动了。这里也传递了参数struct device *dev,到底这个dev来自何方,会在下一篇文章中继续跟踪。
注:2019/1/21 在platform的总线模型static int misc_imp706_probe(struct platform_device *pdev),曾遇到打印
imp706_watchdog: probe of imp706_watchdog failed with error -22
追踪代码发现问题出现在really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)函数中
{
int ret = 0;
int local_trigger_count = atomic_read(&deferred_trigger_count);
atomic_inc(&probe_count);
pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n",
drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev));
WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head));
dev->driver = drv;
/* If using pinctrl, bind pins now before probing */
ret = pinctrl_bind_pins(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",
__func__, dev_name(dev));
goto probe_failed;
}
if (dev->bus->probe) {
ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
} else if (drv->probe) {
ret = drv->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
}
driver_bound(dev);
ret = 1;
pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n",
drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
goto done;
probe_failed:
devres_release_all(dev);
driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
dev->driver = NULL;
dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
/* Driver requested deferred probing */
dev_info(dev, "Driver %s requests probe deferral\n", drv->name);
driver_deferred_probe_add(dev);
/* Did a trigger occur while probing? Need to re-trigger if yes */
if (local_trigger_count != atomic_read(&deferred_trigger_count))
driver_deferred_probe_trigger();
} else if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) {
/* driver matched but the probe failed */
printk(KERN_WARNING
"%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n",
drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
} else {
pr_debug("%s: probe of %s rejects match %d\n",
drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
}
/*
* Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try
* its luck.
*/
ret = 0;
done:
atomic_dec(&probe_count);
wake_up(&probe_waitqueue);
return ret;
}
查看代码发现是misc_imp706_probe函数的返回值ret为非0真值,导致函数进入probe_failed。