ECC
ECC-Elliptic Curves Cryptography,椭圆曲线密码编码学,是目前已知的公钥体制中,对每比特所提供加密强度最高的一种体制。在软件注册保护方面起到很大的作用,一般的序列号通常由该算法产生。
当我开始整理《Java加密技术(二)》的时候,我就已经在开始研究ECC了,但是关于Java实现ECC算法的资料实在是太少了,无论是国内还是国外的 资料,无论是官方还是非官方的解释,最终只有一种答案——ECC算法在jdk1.5后加入支持,目前仅仅只能完成密钥的生成与解析。 如果想要获得ECC算法实现,需要调用硬件完成加密/解密(ECC算法相当耗费资源,如果单纯使用CPU进行加密/解密,效率低下),涉及到Java Card领域,PKCS#11。 其实,PKCS#11配置很简单,但缺乏硬件设备,无法尝试!
尽管如此,我照旧提供相应的Java实现代码,以供大家参考。
通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见
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import
java.math.BigInteger;
import
java.security.Key;
import
java.security.KeyFactory;
import
java.security.interfaces.ECPrivateKey;
import
java.security.interfaces.ECPublicKey;
import
java.security.spec.ECFieldF2m;
import
java.security.spec.ECParameterSpec;
import
java.security.spec.ECPoint;
import
java.security.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.ECPublicKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.EllipticCurve;
import
java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.crypto.Cipher;
import
javax.crypto.NullCipher;
import
sun.security.ec.ECKeyFactory;
import
sun.security.ec.ECPrivateKeyImpl;
import
sun.security.ec.ECPublicKeyImpl;
/**
* ECC安全编码组件
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public
abstract
class
ECCCoder
extends
Coder {
public
static
final
String ALGORITHM =
"EC"
;
private
static
final
String PUBLIC_KEY =
"ECCPublicKey"
;
private
static
final
String PRIVATE_KEY =
"ECCPrivateKey"
;
/**
* 解密
* 用私钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] decrypt(
byte
[] data, String key)
throws
Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec =
new
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = ECKeyFactory.INSTANCE;
ECPrivateKey priKey = (ECPrivateKey) keyFactory
.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
ECPrivateKeySpec ecPrivateKeySpec =
new
ECPrivateKeySpec(priKey.getS(),
priKey.getParams());
// 对数据解密
// TODO Chipher不支持EC算法 未能实现
Cipher cipher =
new
NullCipher();
// Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM, keyFactory.getProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey, ecPrivateKeySpec.getParams());
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密
* 用公钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param privateKey
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
byte
[] encrypt(
byte
[] data, String privateKey)
throws
Exception {
// 对公钥解密
byte
[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec =
new
X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = ECKeyFactory.INSTANCE;
ECPublicKey pubKey = (ECPublicKey) keyFactory
.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
ECPublicKeySpec ecPublicKeySpec =
new
ECPublicKeySpec(pubKey.getW(),
pubKey.getParams());
// 对数据加密
// TODO Chipher不支持EC算法 未能实现
Cipher cipher =
new
NullCipher();
// Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM, keyFactory.getProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey, ecPublicKeySpec.getParams());
return
cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 取得私钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
String getPrivateKey(Map
throws
Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return
encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 取得公钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
String getPublicKey(Map
throws
Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return
encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public
static
Map
throws
Exception {
BigInteger x1 =
new
BigInteger(
"2fe13c0537bbc11acaa07d793de4e6d5e5c94eee8"
,
16
);
BigInteger x2 =
new
BigInteger(
"289070fb05d38ff58321f2e800536d538ccdaa3d9"
,
16
);
ECPoint g =
new
ECPoint(x1, x2);
// the order of generator
BigInteger n =
new
BigInteger(
"5846006549323611672814741753598448348329118574063"
,
10
);
// the cofactor
int
h =
2
;
int
m =
163
;
int
[] ks = {
7
,
6
,
3
};
ECFieldF2m ecField =
new
ECFieldF2m(m, ks);
// y^2+xy=x^3+x^2+1
BigInteger a =
new
BigInteger(
"1"
,
2
);
BigInteger b =
new
BigInteger(
"1"
,
2
);
EllipticCurve ellipticCurve =
new
EllipticCurve(ecField, a, b);
ECParameterSpec ecParameterSpec =
new
ECParameterSpec(ellipticCurve, g,
n, h);
// 公钥
ECPublicKey publicKey =
new
ECPublicKeyImpl(g, ecParameterSpec);
BigInteger s =
new
BigInteger(
"1234006549323611672814741753598448348329118574063"
,
10
);
// 私钥
ECPrivateKey privateKey =
new
ECPrivateKeyImpl(s, ecParameterSpec);
Map
new
HashMap
2
);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
return
keyMap;
}
}
|
请注意上述代码中的TODO内容,再次提醒注意,Chipher不支持EC算法 ,以上代码仅供参考。Chipher、Signature、KeyPairGenerator、KeyAgreement、SecretKey均不支持EC算法。为了确保程序能够正常执行,我们使用了NullCipher类,验证程序。
照旧提供一个测试类:
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import
static
org.junit.Assert.*;
import
java.math.BigInteger;
import
java.security.spec.ECFieldF2m;
import
java.security.spec.ECParameterSpec;
import
java.security.spec.ECPoint;
import
java.security.spec.ECPrivateKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.ECPublicKeySpec;
import
java.security.spec.EllipticCurve;
import
java.util.Map;
import
org.junit.Test;
/**
*
* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public
class
ECCCoderTest {
@Test
public
void
test()
throws
Exception {
String inputStr =
"abc"
;
byte
[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
Map
String publicKey = ECCCoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
String privateKey = ECCCoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
System.err.println(
"公钥: \n"
+ publicKey);
System.err.println(
"私钥: \n"
+ privateKey);
byte
[] encodedData = ECCCoder.encrypt(data, publicKey);
byte
[] decodedData = ECCCoder.decrypt(encodedData, privateKey);
String outputStr =
new
String(decodedData);
System.err.println(
"加密前: "
+ inputStr +
"\n\r"
+
"解密后: "
+ outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
}
|
控制台输出:
公钥: MEAwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAEDLAAEAv4TwFN7vBGsqgfXk95ObV5clO7oAokHD7BdOP9YMh8u gAU21TjM2qPZ 私钥: MDICAQAwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAEEGzAZAgEBBBTYJsR3BN7TFw7JHcAHFkwNmfil7w== 加密前: abc 解密后: abc
本篇的主要内容为Java证书体系的实现。