https://www.processon.com/view/link/5d004e07e4b0cbb88a599f6a
环境准备:
web01(外网:10.0.0.7;内网:172.16.1.7)
db01(外网:10.0.0.51;内网:172.16.1.51)
1>首先在db01装好MySQL数据库:yum install -y mariadb.service
2>启动MySQL服务,并设置开机自启动
启动服务:systemctl start mariadb.service
设置开机自启动:systemctl enable mariadb.service
mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql
gzip all.sql
[root@web01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >/root/all.sql
Enter password:
[root@web01 ~]#
[root@web01 ~]# gzip all.sql
[root@web01 ~]# ll
total 43272
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147756 Jun 11 22:02 all.sql.gz
scp all.sql.gz 172.16.1.51:/root/
[root@web01 ~]# scp all.sql.gz 172.16.1.51:/root
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.51 (172.16.1.51)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:08kKtoy49Ynk6MZjwZJyQ7cg3znEnhKrb7AUia9Sqls.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:de:85:81:80:9b:dc:ed:43:74:89:07:25:fc:e2:dc:b0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.51' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
all.sql.gz 100% 144KB 42.8MB/s 00:00
[root@web01 ~]#
gzip -d all.sql.gz
mysql -uroot -p
[root@db01 ~]# gzip -d all.sql.gz
[root@db01 ~]# ll
total 544
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 552754 Jun 11 22:03 all.sql
-rw-------. 1 root root 1565 May 26 15:37 anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
[root@db01 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 211
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| lianxi |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use wordpress;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [wordpress]> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_wordpress |
+-----------------------+
| wp_commentmeta |
| wp_comments |
| wp_links |
| wp_options |
| wp_postmeta |
| wp_posts |
| wp_term_relationships |
| wp_term_taxonomy |
| wp_termmeta |
| wp_terms |
| wp_usermeta |
| wp_users |
+-----------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [wordpress]>
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# vim wp-config.php
重启web01上的php-fpm服务:systemctl restart php-fpm.service
停止web01上的MySQL服务:systemctl restart php-fpm.service
测试数据库迁移的是否正常,用浏览器部署的网站,在后台添加一条数据,然后去db01服务器上查看是否有数据
环境准备:
nfs01服务器(内网:172.16.1.31;外网:10.0.0.31)
web01服务器(内网:172.16.1.7;外网:10.0.0.7)
1>安装rpcbind和nfs
yum install -y rpcbind nfs-utils
2>启动rpcbind和nfs服务,并设置开机自启动
启动服务:systemctl start rpcbind nfs
开机自启动:systemctl enable rpcbind nfs
3>在nfs配置文件中进行配置
[root@nfs01 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/webdata 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=2222,anongid=2222)
4>因web01服务器nginx服务目前使用的用户是nginx,为了两个服务器使用的用户保持一致,在nfs01上创建nginx用户,UID和GID目前指定为2222。
useradd nginx -u 2222 -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@nfs01 ~]# useradd nginx -u 2222 -M -s /sbin/nologin
Creating mailbox file: File exists
[root@nfs01 ~]# id nginx
uid=2222(nginx) gid=2222(nginx) groups=2222(nginx)
[root@nfs01 ~]#
5>根据nfs的配置文件创建共享目录,并授权
[root@nfs01 ~]# mkdir /webdata
[root@nfs01 ~]# chown nginx.nginx /webdata/
6>重启rpcbind和nfs服务
[root@nfs01 ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind nfs
[root@nfs01 ~]# showmount -e
Export list for nfs01:
/webdata 172.16.1.0/24
[root@nfs01 ~]# vim /etc/exports
1>安装nfs服务
yum install -y nfs-utils
2>启动nfs服务,并设置开机自启动
启动服务:systemctl start nfs
开机自启动:systemctl enable nfs
3>保证web01服务器与nfs01服务器上的nginx用户的UID和GID一样,如果不一样,将web01上的nginx删除,然后在重新添加
[root@web01 ~]# id nginx
uid=998(nginx) gid=996(nginx) groups=996(nginx)
[root@web01 ~]# userdel nginx
userdel: user nginx is currently used by process 7259
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl stop nginx php-fpm.service
[root@web01 ~]# userdel nginx
[root@web01 ~]# useradd nginx -u 2222 -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@web01 ~]# id nginx
uid=2222(nginx) gid=2222(nginx) groups=2222(nginx)
4>给站点目录重新修改所有者和所有属组
[root@web01 ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/blog
5>将网站的上传存储目录进行挂载,并开机自动挂载
①如果网站的上传存储目录里在挂载之前已经有上传的文件,为了保证数据不丢失,挂载之前先进行备份,因为nfs挂载会将之前的数据覆盖掉,备份好之后再进行挂载,挂载之后再将文件还原
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# mv wp-content/uploads /tmp/
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# ll /tmp/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 nginx nginx 16 Jun 12 10:52 2019
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# mkdir -p wp-content/uploads
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# chown -R nginx.nginx wp-content/uploads
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/webdata /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web01 ~]# mv /tmp/upload/* /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/
②如果上传存储目录还没有文件,直接挂载即可
mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/webdata /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/webdata /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 19G 2.1G 17G 11% /
devtmpfs 980M 0 980M 0% /dev
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 991M 9.6M 981M 1% /run
tmpfs 991M 0 991M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 105M 93M 54% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0
172.16.1.31:/webdata 19G 1.9G 17G 10% /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads
[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]#
③设置开机自动挂载
[root@web01 ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
172.16.1.31:/webdata /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/wp-content/uploads/ nfs defaults 0 0
[root@web01 ~]#
到这里数据库和存储目录就都分别迁移到db01服务器和nfs01服务器上,然后去浏览器测试就可以了
排错流程
让后端服务器,保持每台服务器工作(负载)平均
硬件设备:F5,A10,Redware
开源软件:Nginx、Haproxy、Lvs
命名不同
负载均衡:用户请求的转发(Lvs)
反向代理:代替用户去找,在发给用户(类似中介)(Nginx、Haproxy)
功能不同
Lvs:工作在四层负载均衡
传输层 tcp/udp
最多进行端口转发
Nginx、Haproxy:工作在4层和7层负载均衡
传输层和应用层
进行http协议 uri转发