ActiveMQ
ActiveMQ 是 Apache 出品,最流行的,能力强劲的开源消息总线,并且它一个完全支持 J M S 规范的消息中间件。
其丰富的 API 、多种集群构建模式使得他成为业界老牌消息中间件,在中小型企业中应用广泛!
MQ 衡量指标:服务性能、数据存储、集群架构
Kafka
用来做日志分析的
RocketMQ
RocketMQ是阿里开源的消息中间件,目前也已经孵化为Apache顶级项目,它是纯java开发,具有高吞吐量、高可用性、适合大规模分布式系统 应用的特点。
RocketMQ思路起源于Kafka,它对消息的可靠传输及事务 性做了优化,目前在阿里集团被广泛应用于交易、充值、流计算、消息推 送、日志流式处理、binglog分发等场景
RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言开发的开源消息队列系统,基于AMQP协议 来实现。
AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布 /订阅)、可靠性、安全。AMQP协议更多用在企业系统内,对数据_致 性、稳定性和可靠性要求很髙的场景,对性能和吞吐量的要求还在其次。
结论
activiMq: 老牌消息中间件,api全面,但是吞吐量不大
Kafaka: 吞吐量大,但是数据无法保证不丢失,主要面向大数据
rokectMQ: 吞吐量大,保证数据不丢失,并且支持分布式事物,但是商业版需要收费
rabbitMQ: 吞吐量大,数据不易丢失
RabbitMQ是—个开源的消息代理和队列服务器,用来通过普通协议 在完全不同的应用之间共享数据,RabbitMQ是使用Erlang语言来编写 的,并且RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的。
Erlang语言最初在于交换机领域的架构模式,这样使得 RabbitMQ在Broker之间进行数据交互的性能是非常优秀的
Erlang的优点:Erlang有着和原生Socket—样的延迟
AMQP定义:
是具有现代特征的二进制协议;
是一个提供统一消息服务的应用层标准高级消息队列协议;
是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计;
Server:又称Broker,接受客户端的连接,实现AMQP实体服务
Connection:连接:应用程序与Broker的网络连接
Channel:网络通道,几乎所有的操作都在Channel中进行,Channel是进行消息读写的通道;客户端可建立多个Channel,每个Channel代表一个会话任务;
Message:消息,服务器与应用程序之间传递的数据,由Properties和Body组成。Properties可以对消息进行装饰,比如消息的优先级、延迟等高级特性;Body则就是消息体内容;
Virtual host:虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由;一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue,同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue;
Exchange:交换机,交换消息,根据路由键转发消息到绑定的队列;
Binding:Exchange和Queue之间的虚拟连接,binding中可以包含routing key;
Routing key:一个路由规则,虚拟机可用它来确定如何路由一个特定消息
Queue:也称为Message Queue,消息队列,保存消息并将它们转发给消费者
注意:Erlang语言与RabbitMQ安装版本必须匹配
RabbitMQ安装与使用
官网地址:https://www.rabbitmq.com/
提前准备:安装Linux必要依赖包
下载RabbitMQ必须安装包
配置文件修改
服务的启动:rabbitmq-server start &
服务的停止:rabbitmqctl stop_app
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://ip:15672/
详细步骤
准备:
yum install \
build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel \
make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz -y
下载:
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm
wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm
安装:
rpm -ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh socat-1.7.3.2-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm
配置文件:
vi /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app
比如修改密码、配置等等,例如:loopback_users 中的 <<"guest">>,只保留guest
服务启动和停止:
启动 rabbitmq-server start &
停止 rabbitmqctl app_stop
查看服务是否成功:
yum install lsof
lsof -i:5672
管理插件:rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
访问地址:http://192.168.147.146:15672/
注意获取镜像的时候要获取management版本的,不要获取last版本的,management版本的才带有管理界面
1. 查询镜像
docker search rabbitmq:management
2.获取镜像
docker pull rabbitmq:management
3.运行镜像
方式一:默认guest用户,密码也是guest
docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq rabbitmq:management
方式二:设置用户名和密码
docker run -d \
--name my-rabbitmq \
-p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 \
-v /data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
--hostname my-rabbitmq-host \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin \
--restart=always \
rabbitmq:management
参数说明:
-d:后台运行容器
-name:指定容器名
-p:指定服务运行的端口(5672:应用访问端口;15672:控制台Web端口号)
-v:映射目录或文件,启动了一个数据卷容器,数据卷路径为:/var/lib/rabbitmq,再将此数据卷映射到住宿主机的/data目录
--hostname:主机名(RabbitMQ的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 “节点名称” 存储数据,默认为主机名)
-e:指定环境变量;(RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST:默认虚拟机名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER:默认的用户名;RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS:默认用户名的密码)
--restart=always:当Docker重启时,容器能自动启动
rabbitmq:management:镜像名
注1:RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost,my_vhost名字请记好,在之后的编程中要用到,
如果启动时没指定,默认值为/
4.进入RabbitMQ管理平台进行相关操作
注1:容器启动后,可以通过docker logs 窗口ID/容器名字 查看日志
docker logs my-rabbitmq
== 注2:停止并删除所有容器==
docker stop $(docker ps -aq) && docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
命令行与管控台-基础操作
rabbitmqctl stop_app:关闭应用
rabbitmqctl start_app:启动应用
rabbitmqctl status:节点状态
rabbitmqctl add_user username password:添加用户
rabbitmqctl list_users:列出所有用户
rabbitmqctl delete_user username:删除用户
rabbitmqctl clear_permissions -p vhostpath username:清除用户权限
rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions username:列出用户权限
rabbitmqctl change_password username newpassword:修改密码
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p vhostpath username “.*” “.*” “.*”
rabbitmqctl add_vhost vhostpath:创建虚拟主机
rabbitmqctl list_vhosts:列出所有虚拟主机
rabbitmqctl list_permissions -p vhostpath:列出虚拟主机上所有权限
rabbitmqctl delete_vhost vhostpath:删除虚拟主机
rabbitmqctl list_queues:查看所有队列信息
rabbitmqctl -p vhostpath purge_queue blue:清除队列里的消息
命令行与管控台-高级操作
rabbitmqctl reset:移除所有数据,要在rabbitmqctl stop_app之后使用
rabbitmqctl join_cluster [--ram]:组成集群命令
rabbitmqctl cluster_status:查看集群状态
rabbitmqctl change_cluster_node_type disc | ram:修改集群节点的存储形式
rabbitmqctl forget_cluster_node {--offline} 忘记节点 (摘除节点)
rabbitmqctl rename_cluster_node oldnode1 newnode1 [oldnode2] [newnode2...] (修改节点名称)
极速入门-消息生产与消费
ConnectionFactory:获取连接工厂
Connection:一个链接
Channel:数据通信通道,课发送和接收消息
Queue:具体的消息存储队列
Producer & Consumer:生产和消费者
创建一个springboot项目: rabbitmq-api
com.rabbitmq
amqp-client
3.6.5
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.quickstart;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-27 22:05
*
* 订单微服务/短信微服务
* 接收消息的
*/
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
//连接MQ 服务器
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("192.168.150.128:");
//5672是MQ服务器的服务端口,15672是管控台的端口
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
//创建connection
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
//创建会话
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//绑定队列Queue(因为这里存放着将要消费的消息)
String queueName="test001";
//参数:1、队列的名称 2、是否持久化 3、是否独占 4、无消息是否自动删除 5、消息信息参数
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,false,null);
//指定消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//指定队列中的消息的签收方式
//参数:1、队列名称 2、自动签收 3、消费者回调
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);
//接收消息
while (true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("从MQ服务器队列中接收到的消息");
}
}
}
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.quickstart;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-27 22:05
*
*
*/
public class Procuder {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
//创建一个connectionfactory,并进行配置
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//通过连接工厂创建连接
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//通过connection创建一个channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//通过channel发送数据
for (int i=0;i<5;i++){
String msg="hello rabbitmq!";
channel.basicPublish("","test001",null,msg.getBytes());
}
//记得要关闭相关的连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用
直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key)
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue
注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:default Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 11:28
*/
public class Consumer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明
String exchangeName="test_direct_exchange";
String exchangeType = "direct";
String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//表示声明了一个交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName,exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
//表示声明了一个队列
channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,false,null);
//建立了一个关系
channel.queueBind(queueName,exchangeName,routingKey);
//durable是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称,是否自动化ack、consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 11:29
*/
public class Producer4DirectExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建connectionfactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
//创建connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
//创建channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明
String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
String routingKey = "test.direct";
//发送
String msg="Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName,routingKey,null,msg.getBytes());
}
}
主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上;
Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic;
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 13:02
*/
public class Consumer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String exchangeType = "topic";
String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
String routingKey = "user.#";
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.topic;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 13:02
*/
public class Producer4TopicExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
String routingKey1 = "user.save";
String routingKey2 = "user.update";
String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes());
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)
不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 13:25
*/
public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
String exchangeType = "fanout";
String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
//durable 是否持久化消息
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
//循环获取消息
while(true){
//获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
}
package com.xfz.rabbitmqapi.exchange.fanout;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
/**
* @author xfz
* @site www.xfz.com
* @company zking
* @create 2020-02-28 13:25
*/
public class Producer4FanoutExchange {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.150.128");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}