基于Restful的架构风格已被广泛接收,因为Restful对资源URI的命名要求、对资源操作明确的动词语义,在很大程度上影响了Web应用的整体架构设计。
本文以一个简单的CURD操作为例,讨论基于Restful的缓存设计,抛砖引玉,共通探讨。
本文中的示例代码可以从下面地址下载:https://github.com/hubin0011/research/restful/restful_rw
本示例在以下环境中测试通过:
OS:WindowsXP SP3
JDK:1.6.0_26
Servlet:2.5
SpringMVC:3.2.3.RELEASE
Tomcat:6.0.33
Maven:3.0.3
crul:7.34.0-win32
简单起见,以用户信息(User)的CURD操作为例,用户信息包括:用户Id、email地址两个属性,其中用户Id是主键。
用户资源的URI约定如下:
用户资源操作 | 资源URI | 方法动词 | 参数 |
创建用户 | /user | POST | 请求体中是JSON格式的User |
查询用户 | /user/{id} | GET | id:User的Id |
更新用户 | /user/{id} | PUT | id:User的Id,请求体中是JSON格式的User |
删除用户 | /user/{id} | |删除用户 |/user/{id} |DELETE |id:User的Id | | id:User的Id |
本节说明如何创建示例工程。
工程创建使用Maven,创建命令如下:
mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.github.hubin0011 -DartifactId=rest-rw -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
Maven工程创建成功后,在pom.xml中添加如下依赖:
javax.servlet
servlet-api
2.5
provided
javax.servlet
jstl
1.2
provided
org.springframework
spring-webmvc
3.2.3.RELEASE
com.fasterxml.jackson.core
jackson-databind
2.2.1
创建工程后,需要对SpringMVC做一些配置
在web.xml中加入下面配置:
dispatcher
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
contextConfigLocation
classpath:web-servlet.xml
1
dispatcher
/
在web-servlet.xml中配置Spring的组件扫描:
之前的章节完成了工程创建和配置,本节介绍具体Restful的实现。
首先,先创建用户实体类。代码如下:
package com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.domain;
import com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.ICachableDomain;
public class User implements ICachableDomain {
private String id;
private String email;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
为了能够统一的取得资源id,资源需要实现ICachableDomain接口,ICachableDomain接口定义如下:
package com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw;
public interface ICachableDomain {
public String getId();
}
创建用户、查询用户、更新用户、删除用户的Restful服务的方法都在UserRestController类中实现。具体实现如下:
package com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.controller;
import com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserRestController {
private List users = new ArrayList();
private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public HttpStatus create(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("in Request Post ");
users.add(user);
return HttpStatus.CREATED;
}
@RequestMapping(value="{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public User get(@PathVariable("id")String id){
System.out.println("in Request Get ");
if(id == null) {
return null;
}
for(User user : users){
if(user.getId().equals(id)){
return user;
}
}
return null;
}
@RequestMapping(value="{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@ResponseBody
public HttpStatus update(@PathVariable("id")String id, @RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("in Request Put ");
for(User aUser : users){
if(aUser.getId().equals(id)){
aUser.setEmail(user.getEmail());
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
}
return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
}
@RequestMapping(value="{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@ResponseBody
public HttpStatus delete(@PathVariable("id")String id){
System.out.println("in Request Delete ");
for(User aUser : users){
if(aUser.getId().equals(id)){
users.remove(aUser);
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
}
return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;
}
}
因为Restful对资源操作有明确的动词语义,再配合AOP的拦截机制,架构设计上就能够根据动词的含义对读写操作进行统一的处理。
下面是一个简单的AOP拦截器的实现,要注意的是下面的拦截器只是是简单的、实验性质的,只作为抛砖引玉用。
package com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.aspect;
import com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.ICachableDomain;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Component
@Aspect
public class RestfulRWAspect {
private Map cachedMap = new HashMap();
private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
/**
* 拦截Restful请求,根据请求的方法进行资源缓存处理。
* @param pjp
* @return
* @throws Throwable
*/
@Around("execution(public * com.github.hubin0011.rest.rw.controller.*RestController.*(..))")
public Object intercept(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable{
//取得请求方法类别
RequestMethod requestMethod = getRequestMethod(pjp);
//取得请求资源的id
String id = getParamId(pjp);
//判断是GET请求,如果缓存中存在请求资源,则直接从缓存中返回资源。
if(requestMethod == RequestMethod.GET && id != null){
if(cachedMap.containsKey(id)){
System.out.println("直接从缓存中返回资源。资源id:" + id);
return cachedMap.get(id);
}
}
//继续进行拦截链,取得执行结果
Object obj = pjp.proceed();
//判断是POST请求,则将资源信息加入到缓存中
if(requestMethod == RequestMethod.POST ){
//取得资源信息数据
Object resource = getPostDomain(pjp);
if(resource instanceof ICachableDomain){
ICachableDomain domain = (ICachableDomain)resource;
//取得资源id
String newId = domain.getId();
if(newId != null){
System.out.println("将资源添加到缓存。资源id:" + newId);
cachedMap.put(newId,resource);
}
}
}
//判断是PUT请求,则将资源信息更新到缓存中
if(requestMethod == RequestMethod.PUT){
if(id != null){
Object param = getPutDomain(pjp);
System.out.println("从缓存中更新相应资源。资源id:" + id);
cachedMap.put(id,param);
}
}
//判断是DELETE请求,则从缓存中删除相应资源
if(requestMethod == RequestMethod.DELETE){
if(id != null){
System.out.println("从缓存中删除相应资源。资源id:" + id);
cachedMap.remove(id);
}
}
//返回执行结果
log.debug("返回执行结果");
return obj;
}
/**
* 取得Restful请求的资源id
*
* @param pjp
* @return
*/
protected String getParamId(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp){
String id = null;
Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
if(args.length >= 1){
id = args[0].toString();
}
return id;
}
/**
* 取得Post请求时资源的信息数据
* @param pjp
* @return
*/
protected Object getPostDomain(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp){
Object obj = null;
Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
if(args.length == 1){
obj = args[0];
}
return obj;
}
/**
* 取得Put请求时资源的信息数据
* @param pjp
* @return
*/
protected Object getPutDomain(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp){
Object obj = null;
Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
if(args.length == 2){
obj = args[1];
}
return obj;
}
/**
* 取得Restful请求的方法
* @param pjp
* @return
*/
protected RequestMethod getRequestMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp){
MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature)pjp.getSignature();
Method targetMethod = methodSignature.getMethod();
RequestMapping methodRequestMapping = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(targetMethod, RequestMapping.class);
RequestMethod[] methods = methodRequestMapping.method();
if(methods.length <= 0){
return null;
}
return methods[0];
}
}
首先部署应用到Tomcat中,并启动Tomcat。之后用curl工具测试缓存拦截器。
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:
curl.exe -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0011\",\"email\":\"demo\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-rw/user
"CREATED"
in Request Post
将资源添加到缓存。资源id:hubin0011
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:
curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
{"id":"hubin0011","email":"demo"}
直接从缓存中返回资源。资源id:hubin0011
测试更新用户,命令和如下:
curl.exe -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0011\",\"email\":\"demo1\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
"OK"
in Request Put
从缓存中更新相应资源。资源id:hubin0011
curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
{"id":"hubin0011","email":"demo1"}
直接从缓存中返回资源。资源id:hubin0011
测试删除用户,命令和如下:
curl.exe -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
"OK"
in Request Delete
从缓存中删除相应资源。资源id:hubin0011
curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
服务端日志:
in Request Get
本文中的示例代码可以从下面地址下载:https://github.com/hubin0011/research/restful/restful_rw