English Grammar-奋斗的开始-状语从句 （一）
一、引语：形容词和副词
1.形容词
（1）系动词后做表语
He becomes tough these days.
（2）名词前做定语
The reality makes him tough these days.
（3）宾语后做补语
He has become a tough man these days.
总结：形容词修饰名词（代词）
2.副词
He smiles sweetly. （修饰动词）
He looks pretty sweet. （修饰形容词）
He smiles especially sweetly. （修饰副词）
Luckily, he passed the examination. （修饰整个句子）
总结：副词只能做状语.
二、什么是状语
1.定义
修饰实义动词、形容词、副词的成分，成为状语。
2.成分
1）副词： She smiles sweetly.
2)介词短语：He runs fast like a crazy dog.
3)分词、不定式： He leaves, crying.
4)从句
3.位置
壮语的位置灵活.
①In Chongqing, I am now working. (句首,需用逗号隔开)
②I am now working in Chongqing. (句末)
③I am now in Chongqing working. （动词后）
三、状语从句
1.引导词分类
壮语从句按从句类型分成：
（1）条件
（2）时间
（3）原因
2.九大壮语从句
（1）时间壮语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, not…unitl.
1）壮语从句时态的问题
①When love comes, I will hold her hands.
如果尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
②When love came, I failed to hold her hands.
处了① 的方法外，主从句用相同的时态。
2）when的特殊用法
When I was a little girl, I loved Jeff so much.
When引导的时间壮语从句，如主从句主语一致，且主从句含be动词，所以从句的主语和be动词可以一起省略。
3）区分until和not…until
① I will wait here until you come.
直到你来，我才会一直等待。
②I will not leave until you come.
直到你来，我才会离开。
分析：其中not…until并没有翻译成否定的意思。两者意思相同，区别：短暂性动词就用not…until, 如果是延续性动词急用until。
（2）地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
不常用： wherever, anywhere, everywhere.
这种花在潮湿的地方生长得很好。
①The flower grows well where it is moist.
但通常我们会写成介词短语作壮语。
The flower grows well in moist places.
②Everywhere I see rural laborer in the city, it will remind me of my old father.
③Whereven you go, whatever you do, I am just here waiting for you.
（3）原因壮语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, fot
不常用引导词;seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, as much as, so much as.
因为他粗心，他昨天出了一场车祸。
①Because he was careless, he had a car accident yesterday.
注意：一些介词短语也译成“因为”，只能跟名词不能跟从句。
例如：because of, due to（只句末）, owing to（只句首）, thanks to, for the sake of, as a result of .
②Because of his careless, he had a car accident yesterday.
③Owing to tolerance between the couple, the marriage can last long.
④The marriage can last long due to tolerance between the couple.
（4）目的壮语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that,
不常用：to, in order to, so as to.（后接v-原）
为了一个更美好的未来，我决定考研。
①I am detmined to take part in the examination of postgraduates so that / in order to I could have a brighter future.
为了不让儿女担心，慢慢老去的父母总对他们说着各种各样的谎话。
②Parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies in order that their daughters or sons will not worry about them.
In order not to make their daughters or sons worry about them, parents getting old gradually are telling a variety of lies.
（5）结果壮语从句
常用引导词：so…that, such…that,
不常用： to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that
① He is such a man that we fail to love him.
②He is so proud that we fail to love him.
such 后面跟名词，so后面跟形容词或副词。
作文中, so…that 只要出现副词.
③ 我妈很美： My mother keeps so beautiful that many middle aged men love her.
④我很高兴： I am so delighted that I can’t help singing at midnight.
⑤中国人现在很自信：Chinese become so self-confident at present that they dare pursue their dreams without any fear.
（6）条件壮语从句
常用引导词：if, unless（表示if not）
不常用：as/so long as（只要），only if（只要），providing/ provided that （假如）, suppose that（假如）, in case that （以防）, on condition that （如果）。
①只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃。
I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.
②如果爱是一杯毒药，我也愿意一饮而尽。
On condition that love is a cup of poison, I will drink it up without hesitating.
（7）让步壮语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
不常用：as, while, no matter（无论）, in spite of the fact that
写作时，分析原因太短，可以加个although让步壮语从句。
①刘是一个美女
Liu is a beauty although she has a pair of little eyes.
②盲目追星会浪费我们很多时间和精力
Pursuing stars blindly will waste a lot of time and energy although they may have work hard or be quite handsome.
③污染很严重
Pollution becomes increasing serious problem although a sea of adults fail to realize it.
④宠物的确给我奶奶带来很多快乐。
Pets indeed bring much delight for my grandma although taking care of them needs time and energy.
（8）方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, as though（好像，似乎）
特殊：the way（方式）
①她和我说话的样子好像是我妈一样。
She talks with me as she is my mother.
届次和短语也表示方式之意：by, though, in…way, in…manner（以…的方式）
②通过一种冷静的、客观的方式，这个密码被他破解了。
The password was decoded by him in a dispassionate and objective manner.
（9）比较状语从句
常用引导词：as, than
特殊：the more（比较级adj.）…the more（比较级adj.）…， more than, more…than, not so much…as
1)as,as原级的比较
①Gong Li is distinctly graceful
The sentence can be written as:
Gong Li looks as graceful as a red rose, who can take many people’s breath away.
②英语很重要。
English proves as essential as air and water, which plays a key role in our daily life.
③污染很严重
pullution becomes as serious as earthquakes, which has threatened our existence or even taken people’s lives away.
总结：as…as和so…that用法一样，有形容词和副词都可以考虑。
2)the more…the more
①越努力，越幸运
The harder (that) one works, the luckier he will feel.
②你爬得越高，你看得越远
The higher one climbs, the farther he will look.
注意：正式用法中，不定代词you经常用one代替。
③政府越快地采取措施，这个问题越能得到有效的解决。
The more quick authorities take measures, the more effecitively the issue will be resolved.
3)more than
①后接名词or动词，“不仅仅是”
He is more than a teacher. In fact, he can write some poets in his spare time.
They may teach very well and more earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
②后接形容词，“非常”
Americans are more than hospitable facing strangers.