英语语法之名词性从句

名词性从句

主语从句

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1.主语从句有三类:

a)由what等代词引导的主语从句: what表示“…所…的(东西)”, 在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句; whatever表示“所…的一切”; whoever表示“一切…的人”.

What you need is more practice.

What is hard is to do good all one’s lifeand never do anything bad

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

Whatever I have is at your service.

Whoever comes will be welcome.

Whoever fails to see this will make a bigblunder.

b)由连词that引起的主语从句: 这类主语从句在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去, 而用代词it做形式上的主语:

That we need more equipment is quiteobvious.

It is impossible that I may not able tocome.

It doesn’t seem likely that she will behere.

在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉:

It’s good you’re so considerate.

It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.

c)由连接代词或连接副词(或whether)引起的主语从句: 这类主语从句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主语.

When we shall have our sports meet is stilla question.

It is still a question when we shall haveour sports meet.

Whether he will join us won’t make too muchdifference.

It won’t make too much difference whetherhe will join us.

宾语从句

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1.和主语从句及表语从句一样, 宾语从句也有以上三类:

a) 连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.

Tell me what you want.

I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.

Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.

能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt,wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语:

I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.

I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.

这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语:

Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?

Please advise me which book I should read first.

有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语:

Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.

He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.

I was curious as to what he would say next.

b) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍, 在很多动词如boast,say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge,admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest,propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑问式后面都可以用它.

常考知识点:

由what 引导的名词从句

由what 引导的名词从句，相当于“the thing(s)+which...”

In some countries, ______ is called"equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.

A）which B）what C）that D）one

在某些国家，被称为“平等”的东西，并不意味着真正对所有的人平等。 (95.6-55,B对)

By success I don't mean ______ usuallythought of when that word is used.

A）what is B）that we C）as you D）all is

我说的成功，并不是指我们使用该词时通常所想的东西。(96.6-49,A对）

what从句里常常出现we think, you consider之类的插入语:

As teachers we should concern ourselveswith what is said, not what we think ______.

A）ought to be said B）must say

C）have to be said D）need to say

作为教师，我们所关心的，应该是我们所说的话，而不是我们认为该说什么话。（97.6-49,A对)