英语 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

实例顺序:动词原形过去式过去分词

发音:ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t],在浊辅音后发音为[d],在元音后发音也为[d],[t][d]后发音为[id]

一.规则变化

1.一般在动词原形后加-ed

looklookedlooked

callcalledcalled

openopenedopened

Needneededneeded

2.-e结尾的动词加-dmove

phonephonedphoned

hopehopedhoped

agreeagreedagreed

Movemovedmoved

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变yi,再加-ed

studystudiedstudied

carrycarriedcarried

trytriedtried

4.以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed

playplayedplayed

enjoyenjoyedenjoyed

staystayedstayed

5.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed

stopstoppedstopped

planplannedplanned

fitfittedfitted

6.-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed

preferpreferredpreferred

referreferredreferred

二.不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。

1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

cut(切)cutcut

hit(打) hithit

cast(扔)castcast

hurt(伤害)hurthurt

put(放)putput

let(让)letlet

shut(关)shutshut

cost(花费)costcost

set(放)setset

rid(清除)ridrid

2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。

find(找到)foundfound

pay(支付)paidpaid

leave(离开)leftleft

lend(借出)lentlent

meet(遇见)metmet

keep(保持)keptkept

lose(丢失)lostlost

teach(教)taughttaught

sit(坐)satsat

lead(引导)ledled

win(赢)除)wonwon

3.动词原形与过去分词同形

come(来)camecome

run(跑)ranrun

become(成为)becamebecome

4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

give(给)gavegiven

fly(飞)flewflown

drink(喝)drankdrunk

see(看见)sawseen

go(去)wentgone

know(知道)knewknown

wear(穿)woreworn

speak(说)spokespoken

5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

burn(燃烧)burnedburnt

burnedburnt

learn(学习)learnedlearnt

learnedlearnt

smell(闻)smelledsmelt

smelledsmelt

spell(拼写)spelledspelt

spelledspelt

shine(照射)shinedshone

shinedshone

leap(跳)leapedleapt

leapedleapt

提示:

A.beat的过去式与原形同形:

比:beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)

B.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:lielied,lied(说谎)

lay,lain(躺,位于)

C.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

比:hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)

hung,hung(挂,吊)

D.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词

比:welcomewelcomed,welcomed(正)

welcome,welcome(误)

E.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

比:hit(打)hit,hit(正)

hitted,hitted(误)

F.fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写,为fixed.

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