SpringBoot源码分析之---SpringBoot项目启动类SpringApplication浅析
源码版本
本文源码采用版本为SpringBoot 2.1.0BUILD,对应的SpringFramework 5.1.0.RC1
注意：本文只是从整体上梳理流程，不做具体深入分析
SpringBoot入口类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
这是我们日常使用springboot开发见到次数最多的引导类了，完成这个类的编写，就完成了一个springboot项目的框架，springboot就回自动为我们完成一些默认配置，并帮我们初始化上下文容器，但细节我们是不知道的，下面我们就一起探索下SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication .class, args);这行代码背后的故事！
SpringApplication初始化阶段
public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
this(null, primarySources);
}
// 初始化准备阶段
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
// 参数初始化
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
// 推断应用类型
this.webApplicationType = deduceWebApplicationType();
// 加载ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序后存到this.initializers）
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
// 加载ApplicationListener系列监听器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序后存到this.listeners）
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
// 推断应用入口类（main函数所在类）
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
推断应用类型
// 推断应用类型
this.webApplicationType = deduceWebApplicationType();
private WebApplicationType deduceWebApplicationType() {
if (ClassUtils.isPresent(REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
}
for (String className : WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES) {
if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.NONE;
}
}
return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}
private static final String REACTIVE_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
+ "web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";
private static final String MVC_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
+ "web.servlet.DispatcherServlet";
private static final String JERSEY_WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASS = "org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig";
private static final String[] WEB_ENVIRONMENT_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };
根据当前应用ClassPath下是否存在相关类，来确定应用类型。
加载ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器
// 加载ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序后存到this.initializers）
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
public void setInitializers(
Collection<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers) {
this.initializers = new ArrayList<>();
this.initializers.addAll(initializers);
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args,
Set<String> names) {
List<T> instances = new ArrayList<>(names.size());
for (String name : names) {
try {
Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader);
Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass);
Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass
.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
T instance = (T) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructor, args);
instances.add(instance);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, ex);
}
}
return instances;
}
利用Spring工厂加载机制，实例化ApplicationContextInitializer接口的实现类，被加载的实现类都配置在MATE-INF/spring.factories文件中，getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class这个方法就负责加载配置类并实例化和排序后返回，后面监听器、异常收集器和Runner等也是通过这个类实现实例化对应实现类的。下面是spring-boot-autoconfigure\src\main\resources\META-INF\spring.factories文件的配置内容。
# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer
# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener
# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.core.ReactorCoreAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
# Failure analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer
# Template availability providers
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider
加载ApplicationListener系列监听器
// 加载ApplicationListener系列监听器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序后存到this.listeners）
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
public void setListeners(Collection<? extends ApplicationListener<?>> listeners) {
this.listeners = new ArrayList<>();
this.listeners.addAll(listeners);
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}
如上面的初始化器，ApplicationListener系列监听器也是通过getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class这个方法完成加载、排序及实例化的，而后存入到this.listeners中。
推断应用入口类
// 推断应用入口类（main函数所在类）
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
try {
// 通过new一个运行时异常获取堆栈信息
StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
// 找到main函数所在的入口类
if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
}
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// Swallow and continue
}
return null;
}
推断应用入口类这部分比较有意思，他是通过new了一个运行时异常来拿到main线程的堆栈信息，遍历所有方法找到main方法所在的类。
运行阶段
// 运行阶段
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
// 初始化容器启动计时器
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
// 开始计时
stopWatch.start();
// 初始化上下文ConfigurableApplicationContext
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
// 初始化异常收集器
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
// 配置系统参数"java.awt.headless"
configureHeadlessProperty();
// 获取SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序）
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
// 遍历所有SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，广播ApplicationStartingEvent
listeners.starting();
try {
// 处理args参数
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
// 准备环境（创建、配置、绑定环境、广播ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent）
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
// 打印Banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
// 根据应用类型创建上下文
context = createApplicationContext();
// 获取SpringBootExceptionReporter系列异常收集器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序）
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
// 上下文前置处理（执行ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器、加载资源、广播ApplicationPreparedEvent）
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
// 刷新上下文（）
refreshContext(context);
// 上下文后置处理(目前啥也没干)
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
// 启动完成，打印用时
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
// 遍历前面设置的ConfigurableApplicationContext监听器，发布ApplicationStartedEvent
listeners.started(context);
// 按顺序回调实现了ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口的Runners
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// 处理异常（发布ExitCodeEvent和ApplicationFailedEvent事件、异常收集器处理异常）
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
// 遍历前面设置好的SpringApplicationRunListener监听器，发布ApplicationReadyEvent
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
获取SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器
// 获取SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序）
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger, getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
这里我们再一次见到getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class这个方法，功能同上。
广播ApplicationStartingEvent事件
// 遍历所有SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，广播ApplicationStartingEvent
listeners.starting();
public void starting() {
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
listener.starting();
}
}
public void starting() {
this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(
new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application, this.args));
}
这里会遍历上面拿到的排序好的所有SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，广播ApplicationStartingEvent事件，这代表Spring应用开始启动，在这之前只进行了注册化初始化器和监听器。
准备环境、广播ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件
// 准备环境（创建、配置、绑定环境、广播ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent）
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
// Create and configure the environment
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
bindToSpringApplication(environment);
if (this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.NONE) {
environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
.convertToStandardEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment);
}
ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
return environment;
}
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
listener.environmentPrepared(environment);
}
}
@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
this.application, this.args, environment));
}
这里开始创建、配置和绑定ConfigurableEnvironment环境，环境准备好之后开始遍历SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，广播ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件，代表环境已准备好。
开始打印Banner
// 打印Banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
private Banner printBanner(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
// Mode.OFF：不打印banner
if (this.bannerMode == Banner.Mode.OFF) {
return null;
}
// 加载banner资源，如果自定义了banner样式，在这里加载，否则加载默认banner
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = (this.resourceLoader != null)
? this.resourceLoader : new DefaultResourceLoader(getClassLoader());
// 初始化bannerPrinter
SpringApplicationBannerPrinter bannerPrinter = new SpringApplicationBannerPrinter(
resourceLoader, this.banner);
// Mode.LOG：通过日志打印banner
if (this.bannerMode == Mode.LOG) {
return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, logger);
}
// 默认通过控制台打印banner
return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, System.out);
}
关于Banner，SpringBoot支持关闭banner打印、打印到log日志和打印到system日志三种方式；同时支持自定义banner，自定义banner又有图片和txt文本两种（同时存在时先打印图片banner，在打印文本banner），图片banner又支持gif, jpg, png这三种类型的图片格式banner（git优先于jpg优先于png），自定义banner非常简单，只需要将banner文件放到classpath:下就好了（resources目录下），如果存在多个banner文件，想指定某一个文件，只需要在application.properties文件加入如下配置就好了，非常方便。
spring.banner.image.location=banner.png
spring.banner.location=banner.txt
根据应用类型创建上下文
// 根据应用类型创建上下文
context = createApplicationContext();
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
if (contextClass == null) {
try {
switch (this.webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
case REACTIVE:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
break;
default:
contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, "
+ "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
ex);
}
}
return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
public static final String DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.boot."
+ "web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext";
public static final String DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
+ "boot.web.reactive.context.AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext";
public static final String DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.context."
+ "annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext";
开始创建ConfigurableApplicationContext上下文，其中Servlet类型的web应用会创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类型的上下文，Reactive类型的web应用会创建AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext类型的上下文，非web应用会创建AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类型的上下文。
获取SpringBootExceptionReporter系列异常收集器
// 获取SpringBootExceptionReporter系列异常收集器（从spring.factories文件加载，并实例化和排序）
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(
SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
可以看到，加载异常收集器与上面初始化器和监听器如出一辙，不做过多阐述。
上下文前置处理、广播ApplicationPreparedEvent事件
// 上下文前置处理（执行ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器、加载资源、广播ApplicationPreparedEvent）
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
// 关联上下文和环境
context.setEnvironment(environment);
//
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
// 去重并排序前面获取好的ApplicationContextInitializer初始化器，执行初始化
applyInitializers(context);
// 遍历前面设置好的SpringApplicationRunListener，但并没有发布（目前什么都没做，貌似为了以后扩展）
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
// 添加启动特定的单例bean
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
// Load the sources
// 加载sources资源
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
// 广播ApplicationPreparedEvent
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
在启动上下文之前，会调用前面初始化好的ApplicationContextInitializer接口实现类，当然也包含我们自定义的，所以我们可以自定义初始化器，在上下文启动前做一些操作。之后会广播ApplicationPreparedEvent事件，通知SpringApplicationRunListener监听器ConfigurableApplicationContext上下文已准备好（框架中用listeners.contextLoaded(context);方法广播了ApplicationPreparedEvent事件，而ApplicationLoadedEvent事件并没有发布，感觉这里以后还会变动。。。）。
刷新上下文
// 刷新上下文（）
refreshContext(context);
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
refresh(context);
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}
发布ApplicationStartedEvent事件
// 遍历前面设置的ConfigurableApplicationContext监听器，发布ApplicationStartedEvent
listeners.started(context);
public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
listener.started(context);
}
}
@Override
public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
context.publishEvent(
new ApplicationStartedEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
}
发布ApplicationStartedEvent事件，通知SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器ConfigurableApplicationContext上下文已启动完成，Spring Bean 已初始化完成。
回调实现了ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口的Runners
// 按顺序回调实现了ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口的Runners
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
这里是有顺序的，ApplicationRunner的实现类优先于CommandLineRunner的实现类被回调
发布ApplicationReadyEvent事件
try {
// 遍历前面设置好的SpringApplicationRunListener监听器，发布ApplicationReadyEvent
listeners.running(context);
}
public void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
listener.running(context);
}
}
@Override
public void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
context.publishEvent(
new ApplicationReadyEvent(this.application, this.args, context));
}
发布ApplicationReadyEvent事件,通知SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器ConfigurableApplicationContext上下文已经在运行，整个容器已经准备好。
发布ExitCodeEvent和ApplicationFailedEvent事件和异常收集器收集异常信息
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
private void handleRunFailure(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
Throwable exception,
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters,
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners) {
try {
try {
handleExitCode(context, exception);
if (listeners != null) {
listeners.failed(context, exception);
}
}
finally {
reportFailure(exceptionReporters, exception);
if (context != null) {
context.close();
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
logger.warn("Unable to close ApplicationContext", ex);
}
ReflectionUtils.rethrowRuntimeException(exception);
}
如果启动过程中出现异常，springboot将会发布ExitCodeEvent事件通知上下文停止或重启，并发布ApplicationFailedEvent事件通知SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，最后SpringBootExceptionReporter异常收集器收集打印异常。
总结
SpringBoot启动过程大致脉络
-
准备阶段
- 参数初始化
- 推断应用类型
- 加载ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器
- 加载ApplicationListener系列监听器
- 推断应用入口类（main函数所在类）
-
运行阶段
- 初始化容器启动计时器，开始计时
- 初始化上下文ConfigurableApplicationContext、异常收集器
- 配置系统参数"java.awt.headless"
- 获取SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器
- 遍历所有SpringApplicationRunListener系列监听器，广播ApplicationStartingEvent
- 处理args参数
- 准备环境（创建、配置、绑定环境、广播ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent）
- 配置忽略Bean信息
- 打印Banner
- 根据应用类型创建上下文
- 获取SpringBootExceptionReporter系列异常收集器
- 上下文前置处理（执行ApplicationContextInitializer系列初始化器、加载资源、广播ApplicationPreparedEvent）
- 刷新上下文
- 启动完成，打印用时
- 遍历前面设置的ConfigurableApplicationContext监听器，发布ApplicationStartedEvent
- 回调实现了ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口的Runners
- 遍历前面设置好的SpringApplicationRunListener监听器，发布ApplicationReadyEvent
至此，整个SpringBoot项目已经启动完成，我们可以看到，整个过程中Spring的事件驱动机制起着举足轻重的作用，有了这个机制我们可以知晓容器的启动过程，并且可以监听到某些事件，对容器中我们关心的实例做进一步处理，我们深入理解事件驱动机制很有必要，它将帮助我们更好的理解和使用这个Spring框架体系。如果想要文中中文版SpringBoot注释源码，可以在我的github下载，如果发现哪里写的不对，烦请留言通知我。
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