更改MySQL数据库的编码为utf8mb4

utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符,但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据,而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据,java程序中将报SQL异常:

java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: ‘\xF0\x9F\x92\x94’ for column ‘name’ at row 1 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)

可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储,然后取出来的时候,再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符的地方都要进行编码与解码。

utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集,兼容utf8,并且能存储4字节的表情字符。 
采用utf8mb4编码的好处是:存储与获取数据的时候,不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。

更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:

1. MySQL的版本

utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+,若不是,请升级到较新版本。

2. MySQL驱动

5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13

3.修改MySQL配置文件

修改mysql配置文件my.cnf(windows为my.ini) 
my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容: 
[client] 
default-character-set = utf8mb4 
[mysql] 
default-character-set = utf8mb4 
[mysqld] 
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE 
character-set-server = utf8mb4 
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
init_connect=’SET NAMES utf8mb4’

4. 重启数据库,检查变量

SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE ‘character_set_%’ OR Variable_name LIKE ‘collation%’;

Variable_name Value
character_set_client utf8mb4
character_set_connection utf8mb4
character_set_database utf8mb4
character_set_filesystem binary
character_set_results utf8mb4
character_set_server utf8mb4
character_set_system utf8
collation_connection utf8mb4_unicode_ci
collation_database utf8mb4_unicode_ci
collation_server utf8mb4_unicode_ci

collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。

但必须保证

系统变量 描述
character_set_client (客户端来源数据使用的字符集)
character_set_connection (连接层字符集)
character_set_database (当前选中数据库的默认字符集)
character_set_results (查询结果字符集)
character_set_server (默认的内部操作字符集)

这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。

5. 数据库连接的配置

数据库连接参数中: 
characterEncoding=utf8会被自动识别为utf8mb4,也可以不加这个参数,会自动检测。 
而autoReconnect=true是必须加上的。

6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4

更改数据库编码:ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

更改表编码:ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci
如有必要,还可以更改列的编码

可以写代码批量进行转换:

//获取所有表
Connection conn = null;

try {
    conn = DbUtilsTool.openConn("MySQL", "127.0.0.1", "3306", "caitu99", "root", "root"); String sql = "show tables"; QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(); List tblNameList= (List) qr.query(conn, sql, new ColumnListHandler(1)); sql = "ALTER DATABASE caitu99 CHARACTER SET `utf8mb4` COLLATE `utf8mb4_general_ci`"; qr.update(conn,sql); for (String str:tblNameList) { sql = "ALTER TABLE "+str+" CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET `utf8mb4` COLLATE `utf8mb4_general_ci`"; qr.update(conn,sql); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new RuntimeException(e); } finally { if(conn!=null) { try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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DbUtilsTool类:

package com.mysql.chartest;


import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BasicRowProcessor; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.BeanProcessor; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.KeyedHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler; import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler; public class DbUtilsTool { private static final QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(); /* 打开数据库连接(type: MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer) */ public static Connection openConn(String type, //数据库类型 String host, //主机ip String port, //主机端口 String name, //数据库名 String username, //用户名 String password)//密码 { Connection conn = null; try { String driver; String url; if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("MySQL")) { driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; url = "jdbc:mysql://" + host + ":" + port + "/" + name; } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("Oracle")) { driver = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"; url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host + ":" + port + ":" + name; } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase("SQLServer")) { driver = "com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver"; url = "jdbc:sqlserver://" + host + ":" + port + ";databaseName=" + name; } else { throw new RuntimeException(); } Class.forName(driver); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return conn; } /* 关闭数据库连接 */ public static void closeConn(Connection conn) { try { if (conn != null) { conn.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /* 查询(返回Array结果) */ public static Object[] queryArray(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { Object[] result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ArrayHandler(), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询(返回ArrayList结果) */ public static List queryArrayList(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { List result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ArrayListHandler(), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询(返回Map结果) */ public static Map queryMap(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { Map result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new MapHandler(), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询(返回MapList结果) */ public static List> queryMapList(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { List> result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new MapListHandler(), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询(返回Bean结果) */ public static  T queryBean(Class cls, Map map, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { T result = null; try { if (map != null) { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler(cls, new BasicRowProcessor(new BeanProcessor(map))), params); } else { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanHandler(cls), params); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询(返回BeanList结果) */ public static  List queryBeanList(Class cls, Map map, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { List result = null; try { if (map != null) { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler(cls, new BasicRowProcessor(new BeanProcessor(map))), params); } else { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new BeanListHandler(cls), params); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询指定列名的值(单条数据) */ public static  T queryColumn(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { T result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ScalarHandler(column), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询指定列名的值(多条数据) */ public static  List queryColumnList(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { List result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new ColumnListHandler(column), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 查询指定列名对应的记录映射 */ public static  Map> queryKeyMap(String column, Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { Map> result = null; try { result = runner.query(conn, sql, new KeyedHandler(column), params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } /* 更新(包括UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE,返回受影响的行数) */ public static int update(Connection conn, String sql, Object... params) { int result = 0; try { result = runner.update(conn, sql, params); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/SofuBlue/p/8079082.html

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