Linux软件包安装和卸载

Linux软件包安装

• RPM工具
• yum工具
• 源码包

1、RPM工具 首先要挂载光驱，访问RPM包光盘

[root@bogon mnt]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@bogon mnt]# ls /mnt
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  images    LiveOS    repodata              RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI              GPL   isolinux  Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7  TRANS.TBL

rpm 包格式：-包名-版本号-发布版本号_平台

[root@bogon mnt]# cd Packages/
[root@bogon Packages]# ls |head
389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
389-ds-base-libs-1.3.6.1-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.0.25-1.el7.noarch.rpm
abrt-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-ccpp-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-pstoreoops-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-python-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-vmcore-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
abrt-addon-xorg-2.1.11-48.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

rpm ivh rpm包文件 安装

• -i ：表示安装；
• -v ：表示可视化；
• -h : 表示进度；

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ivh zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:zsh-5.0.2-28.el7                 ################################# [100%]

• rpm -Uvh rpm包文件 升级
• rpm -e rpm包名 卸载

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -Uvh zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
	软件包 zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 已经安装
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -e zsh

• rpm -qa 查询安装有包
• rpm -q 包名 查询指定的包是否安装
• rpm -qi 包名 查询指定包的信息

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -qa |head
open-vm-tools-10.1.5-3.el7.x86_64
grub2-common-2.02-0.64.el7.centos.noarch
kexec-tools-2.0.14-17.el7.x86_64
setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarch
NetworkManager-tui-1.8.0-9.el7.x86_64
basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch
NetworkManager-wifi-1.8.0-9.el7.x86_64
bind-license-9.9.4-50.el7.noarch
postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
firewalld-filesystem-0.4.4.4-6.el7.noarch
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -q postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -qi postfix
Name        : postfix
Epoch       : 2
Version     : 2.10.1
Release     : 6.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2018年05月08日 星期二 00时11分28秒
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 12773475
License     : IBM and GPLv2+
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, 2014年07月04日 星期五 12时33分15秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : 2014年06月10日 星期二 09时39分36秒
Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://www.postfix.org
Summary     : Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Description :
Postfix is a Mail Transport Agent (MTA), supporting LDAP, SMTP AUTH (SASL),
TLS

• rmp -ql 包名 列出包安装文件
• rpm -qf 文件的绝对路径 查看文件是由哪个包安装的

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -ql postfix
/etc/pam.d/smtp
/etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix
/etc/postfix
/etc/postfix/access
/etc/postfix/canonical
/etc/postfix/generic
/etc/postfix/header_checks

[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -qf `which cd`
bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64
[root@bogon Packages]# which cd
/usr/bin/cd
[root@bogon Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/cd
bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64

2、yum 工具

yum list 列出可用的rpm包

[root@bogon Packages]# yum list
......
zlib-devel.x86_64                                                          1.2.7-17.el7                                           base     
zlib-static.i686                                                           1.2.7-17.el7                                           base     
zlib-static.x86_64                                                         1.2.7-17.el7                                           base     
zsh.x86_64                                                                 5.0.2-28.el7                                           base     
zsh-html.x86_64                                                            5.0.2-28.el7                                           base     
zziplib.i686                                                               0.13.62-5.el7                                          base     
zziplib.x86_64                                                             0.13.62-5.el7                                          base     
zziplib-devel.i686                                                         0.13.62-5.el7                                          base     
zziplib-devel.x86_64                                                       0.13.62-5.el7                                          base     
zziplib-utils.x86_64                                                       0.13.62-5.el7                                          base

ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ yum配置文件

>     [root@bogon Packages]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
>     CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo

yum search vim 搜索vim包

[root@bogon Packages]# yum search vim
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
============================================================ N/S matched: vim =============================================================
protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers descriptions
vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System
vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor
vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
vim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layout
vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor
  名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。

yum list |grep 'vim'

[root@bogon Packages]# yum list |grep 'vim'
vim-common.x86_64                           2:7.4.160-4.el7            @base    
vim-enhanced.x86_64                         2:7.4.160-4.el7            @base    
vim-filesystem.x86_64                       2:7.4.160-4.el7            @base    
vim-minimal.x86_64                          2:7.4.160-2.el7            @anaconda
protobuf-vim.x86_64                         2.5.0-8.el7                base     
vim-X11.x86_64                              2:7.4.160-4.el7            base     
vim-minimal.x86_64

yum install [-y] yum安装

[root@bogon Packages]# yum install -y vim
已加载插件：fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                              | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                             | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                         | 2.0 MB  00:00:02     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理

• yum grouplist 列出插件
• yum groupinstall [-y] 安装插件

[root@bogon Packages]# yum grouplist
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
Done
[root@bogon Packages]# yum groupinstall 'Virtualization Host'
......

• yum remove [-y] 卸载
• yum update [-y] 升级

[root@bogon Packages]# yum remove -y zip
[root@bogon Packages]# yum update -y zip
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
No packages marked for update

yum provides "/*/vim"

[root@bogon Packages]# yum provides "/*/vim"
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                          | 6.9 MB  00:00:05     
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                        | 519 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                       | 1.3 MB  00:00:01     
cmake-2.8.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 : Cross-platform make system
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/cmake/editors/vim



2:docker-unit-test-1.13.1-53.git774336d.el7.centos.x86_64 : Automates deployment of containerized applications - for running unit tests
Repo        : extras
Matched from:
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/v1.10-migrator-c417a6a022c5023c111662e8280f885f6ac259be/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/runc-e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/docker-novolume-plugin-385ec70baac3ef356f868f391c8d7818140fbd44/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/containerd-296f1f80d6c6a83cc625163f863e53d3287328ee/vendor/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim



2:docker-unit-test-1.13.1-58.git87f2fab.el7.centos.x86_64 : Automates deployment of containerized applications - for running unit tests
Repo        : extras
Matched from:
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/v1.10-migrator-c417a6a022c5023c111662e8280f885f6ac259be/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/runc-e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/docker-novolume-plugin-385ec70baac3ef356f868f391c8d7818140fbd44/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/containerd-296f1f80d6c6a83cc625163f863e53d3287328ee/vendor/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim



2:docker-unit-test-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64 : Automates deployment of containerized applications - for running unit tests
Repo        : extras
Matched from:
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/v1.10-migrator-c417a6a022c5023c111662e8280f885f6ac259be/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/runc-e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/docker-novolume-plugin-385ec70baac3ef356f868f391c8d7818140fbd44/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim
Filename    : /var/lib/docker-unit-test/containerd-296f1f80d6c6a83cc625163f863e53d3287328ee/vendor/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim



git-1.8.3.1-13.el7.x86_64 : Fast Version Control System
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/contrib/vim



2:vim-common-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/vim



2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/vim



2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Repo        : @base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/vim

yum 本地仓库

• 挂载镜像到/mnt目录
• cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak 备份配置文件
• rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*

[root@bogon ~]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak
[root@bogon ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*

• vim /etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo

写入

[dvd]
name=install dvd
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpcheck=0

清除缓存

[root@bogon ~]yum clean all
[root@bogon ~]yum list

更换yum仓库源

• cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
• rm -f dvd.repo

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
dvd.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]#

• wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo或者
• curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

安装扩展源epel

• yum install -y epel-release
• yum list |grep epel

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo    CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
.......

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  epel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-Media.repo      CentOS-Vault.repo    CentOS7-Base-163.repo  epel.repo

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch/debug
metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS
metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel
......

yum 下载rpm包

• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly:下载rpm包
• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径 ：下载到指定路径
• yum reinstall -y包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径 ：下载到指定路径重新安装

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum install -y bash --downloadonly 
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum install -y bash --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y bash --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/

3、源码包安装

• /usr/local/src/ 下载的源码包路径

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@bogon src]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz

解压缩

[root@bogon src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz
......
[root@bogon src]# ls
httpd-2.2.9  httpd-2.2.9.tar.gz
[root@bogon src]# 
[root@bogon src]# cd httpd-2.2.9
[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  CHANGES         LICENSE       NWGNUmakefile     VERSIONING        buildconf      docs         include       server
Apache.dsw    INSTALL         Makefile.in   README            acinclude.m4      config.layout  emacs-style  libhttpd.dsp  srclib
BuildAll.dsp  InstallBin.dsp  Makefile.win  README.platforms  apachenw.mcp.zip  configure      httpd.dsp    modules       support
BuildBin.dsp  LAYOUT          NOTICE        ROADMAP           build             configure.in   httpd.spec   os            test
[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]#

[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2  指定路径安装
[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]# make
[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]# make install  安装步骤，创建相关的存放目录和配置文件
[root@bogon httpd-2.2.9]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

补充：echo $? 检查上一条命令，非0代表命令没有执行成功