Oracle 12c中添加scott用户的方法

新电脑上安装了Oracle 12c，没有自带scott用户。看了不少帖子，发现以下帖子最为靠谱。

补充事项：

1. 运行语句“select username from dba_users where username = 'SCOTT';”时，我遇到了以下错误：

第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01219: 数据库或可插入数据库未打开: 仅允许在固定表或视图中查询

解决办法：

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED

SQL语句> alter database open;

2. 运行语句“conn scott/tiger@pdborcl;”时，我遇到了以下错误：

ERROR:
ORA-28000: the account is locked

警告: 您不再连接到 ORACLE。

解决办法：

SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;

会话已更改。

SQL> alter user scott account unlock;

用户已更改。

SQL> conn scott/tiger@pdborcl
ERROR:
ORA-28001: the password has expired

更改 scott 的口令
新口令:
重新键入新口令:
口令已更改
已连接。

还是那句老话，看似简单的问题，实际解决起来并不简单啊。

原文标题：Oracle 12c 添加scott用户

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/xqzt/p/5034375.html

原文内容：

对于熟悉Oracle或者接触过Oracle的人，scott这个用户大家一定相当的熟悉。12c推出了可插拔数据库，在一个容器cdb中以多租户的形式同时存在多个数据库pdb。pdb中默认不包含scott用户。

为了做数据泵的实验，需要一个测试用户，因此需要在pdb中添加scott用户。

oracle 12c自带了scott的脚本，$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql 内容如下：

Rem Copyright (c) 1990, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.  
Rem NAME
REM    UTLSAMPL.SQL
Rem  FUNCTION
Rem  NOTES
Rem  MODIFIED
Rem     lburgess   04/02/06  - lowercase passwords 
Rem     menash     02/21/01 -  remove unnecessary users for security reasons
Rem     gwood      03/23/99 -  make all dates Y2K compliant
Rem     jbellemo   02/27/97 -  dont connect as system
Rem     akolk      08/06/96 -  bug 368261: Adding date formats
Rem     glumpkin   10/21/92 -  Renamed from SQLBLD.SQL 
Rem     blinden   07/27/92 -  Added primary and foreign keys to EMP and DEPT
Rem     rlim       04/29/91 -         change char to varchar2 
Rem     mmoore     04/08/91 -         use unlimited tablespace priv 
Rem     pritto     04/04/91 -         change SYSDATE to 13-JUL-87 
Rem   Mendels    12/07/90 - bug 30123;add to_date calls so language independent
Rem
rem 
rem $Header: utlsampl.sql 02-apr-2006.21:13:01 lburgess Exp $ sqlbld.sql 
rem 
SET TERMOUT OFF
SET ECHO OFF

rem CONGDON    Invoked in RDBMS at build time.   29-DEC-1988
rem OATES:     Created: 16-Feb-83
 
DROP USER SCOTT CASCADE;
DROP USER ADAMS CASCADE;
DROP USER JONES CASCADE;
DROP USER CLARK CASCADE;
DROP USER BLAKE CASCADE;
GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY tiger;
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM PARTS;

CONNECT SCOTT/tiger
CREATE TABLE DEPT
       (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
    DNAME VARCHAR2(14) ,
    LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;
CREATE TABLE EMP
       (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
    MGR NUMBER(4),
    HIREDATE DATE,
    SAL NUMBER(7,2),
    COMM NUMBER(7,2),
    DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('22-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('28-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,to_date('17-11-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,to_date('13-JUL-87', 'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,to_date('23-1-1982','dd-mm-yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
CREATE TABLE BONUS
    (
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10)    ,
    JOB VARCHAR2(9)  ,
    SAL NUMBER,
    COMM NUMBER
    ) ;
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE
      ( GRADE NUMBER,
    LOSAL NUMBER,
    HISAL NUMBER );
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);
COMMIT;
EXIT

下面就利用这段脚本，在pdb中恢复scott

1、为pdb添加tnsnames （步骤2后面用的到）

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ pwd
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@xqzt admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )


PDBORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)
    )
  )

2、修改utlsampl.sql

   将  connect scott/tiger 改为  connect  scott/tiger@PDBORCL

3、使用sys登录plsql，切换到要导入的容器pdb ,执行 utlsampl.sql

切换到容器pdborcl

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
     2        PDB$SEED                READ ONLY    NO
    3         PDBORCL                READ WRITE   NO
SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;  ##切换到pdb

Session altered.

  确认使用sys连接到了pdborcl

SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;

Session altered.

SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBORCL

执行utlsampl.sql 脚本

SQL>  @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql    
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

4、验证导入结果

查询是否存在scott用户

SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;

Session altered.

SQL> select username from dba_users where username = 'SCOTT';

USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT

以scott登录 查询数据

SQL> conn scott/tiger@pdborcl                        
Connected.
SQL> select table_name from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPT
EMP
BONUS
SALGRADE

SQL> select * from DEPT;

    DEPTNO DNAME      LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    20 RESEARCH      DALLAS
    30 SALES         CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS      BOSTON