019年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理4
考点七形容词的用法
一、以-ly结尾的形容词
1.大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
2.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.
二、用形容词表示类别和整体
1.某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry。———— The poor are losing hope.
2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. ————The English have wonderful sense of humor.
三、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别）
a small round table
a dirty old brown shirt
an expensive Japanese sports car
四、形容词变副词方式
1.在形容词词尾直接加-ly，构成副词。如： usual-usually, bad-badly等。
[注]：不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。
如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。
2.以“辅音 字母+ y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-ly，如：heavy-heavily, happy-happily等 ，并且要注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。
五、形容词的同级比较
① as + 原级adj. + as 和……一样
Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他哥哥一样高。
② not as/so + 原级adj. + as 不如……
My English is not as/so good as his. 我的英语不如他的好。
六、形容词的比较级
① 比较级+than... 比……更
This road is wider than that one. 这条路比那条路宽。
This computer is less expensive than mine. 这台电脑比我的便宜。
② the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，就越……
The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 海拔越高，空气就越稀薄。
③ 比较级+and +比较级 越来越……
Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了。
【注意】
①避免双重比较。在比较级前不能再加more，加more就属于双重比较。
This road is more wider than that one. (×)
This road is wider than that one. (√)
②相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较
My pencil is longer than you. (×)
My pencil is longer than yours. (√)
③比较要符合逻辑，要避免与自身相比
Tom is taller than any boy in his class. (×)
Tom is taller than any other boy(或all the other boys/anybody else/any of the other boys )in his class. (√)
在比较中，要注意把相比的主语和宾语排除出来，避免与自身相比。误句中的“any boy”(任何一个男孩）包括了汤姆，汤姆不能比他本身还高，不符合逻辑。
④有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .
The boys in our class are more than those in your class .
⑤注意比较级前表示程度可用的修饰语和不可用的修饰语——比较级前可用修饰语：much，a lot，far（.....得多），a little，a bit（一点），still（仍然），even（甚至），two times（两倍），以及具体的数词，如：two years等修饰。但是不可以用very和many来修饰。
He is very taller than his brother. (×)
He is much taller than his brother. (√)
七、形容词的最高级
1.基本用法
用于三者或三者以上的比较时，表示“最……”的要用最高级形容词。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the，后面常有一个in/of短语来表示比较范围。
I am the tallest in our class. 我是班里个子最高的。
My movements are the most graceful of us three. 三个人中我的动作是最优雅的.
2.惯用句型
①the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
②one of + the +形容词的最高级+复数名词
He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
八、形容词原级与比较级、最高级的转换
1.原级与比较级的转换
倍数+ as …as → (倍数-1)+比较级+than
This room is five times as big as that one=This room is four times bigger than that one .
2.比较级与最高级的转换
①the +最高级+ of / in...
②比较级+than+any other +单数名词
+the other +复数名词
+anyone else
+any of the other+复名
③Nobody else + 比较级 + than ……
Tom is the tallest boy in our class .
Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.
Tom is taller than the other boys in our class.
Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.
考点八副词的用法
[if !supportLists]一、[endif]副词的分类
1.时间副词——表示时间，如：now现在 ;today今天; soon很快; ago以前
2.地点副词——表示地点，如：there那里; here这里; out在外边; up在上边
3.方式副词——描述动作发生的方式，如：slowly缓慢地; quickly迅速地; carefully细心地
4.程度副词——描述行为、动作或状态的程度，如：too太; really的确; quite相当
5.频度副词——表示一定时间内动作发生的次数，如：always总是；sometimes有时
6.疑问副词——用来引出特殊疑问句，如： why为什么; where在哪里; when什么时候
7.关系副词——用来引导定语从句，如：where，when，why
8.连接副词——用来连接句子或从句，如：therefore因此，however但是；用来引导名词性从句或者和动词不定式连用，如when, why, where, how
二、副词的基本用法
1.副词用来修饰形容词、其他副词，一般放在被修饰词之前。He plays the piano very well .
2.副词用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后。 He got up quickly.
3.enough 修饰adj /adv 时，放在其后. He is oldenough to go to school .
三、常见副词用法辨析
1.already与yet的区别
already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”
He had already left when I called.
Have you found your ruler yet？
2. very，much和very much的区别
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much。
John is very honest.
This garden is much bigger than that one.
Thank you very much.
3.so与such的区别
①so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
He is such a boy.
②so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词
He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.
It is such cold weather.
They are such good students.
③名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so)， 但little 表示 “小的”时用such
There are so little sheep on the hill.
4.also，too，as well与either 的区别
also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
I can’t speak French. Jenny can’t speak French either.
5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别
sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。
sometimes：有时，不时= at times
some time：一段时间
some times：几次，几倍
We’ll have a test some time next month.
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.
I have been to Beijing some times.
6.ago与before的区别
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。 before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。
I saw him ten minutes ago
He told me that he had seen the film before.
7.now，just与just now的区别
now与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”
just与现在完成时连用，表示“刚……”
just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”
Where does he live now？
We have just seen the film.
He was here just now.
8.lonely / alone 的区别
1)alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.
2)lonely 表示孤独、寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉、偏僻的，常与feel 连用。
3)alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作定语)，而lonely 既可作表语，也可作定语)
He lives alone on a lonely island .
He is alone ,but he doesn’t feel lonely.
四、副词的同级比较
1.as+原级副词+as，表示前后两者情况一样
You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一样快。
2.not as/so+原级副词+as，表示前者不如后者
He can't use the computer so/as well as you. 他用电脑没有你用得好。
五、副词的比较级
① 比较级+than... 比……更
He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。
② the + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，就越……
The harder you work, the better you’ll learn. 你学的越用功，你就会学得越好。
③ more and more... 越来越……
She plays the piano more and more beautifully. 她钢琴弹得越来越好听了。
六、副词的最高级
同形容词最高级用法基本一致——(the) + 副词最高级 + (in/of/among)
He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中学习最用功的。
She lives (the) nearest to the school. 她离学校住的最近。
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