导读:
Material Design & iOS 13 黑暗模式总结探索
暗黑模式苹果开发文档
如何不进行系统切换样式的适配
注意
同一工程内多个Assets文件在打包后,就会生成一个Assets.car 文件,所以要保证Assets内资源文件的名字不能相同。
苹果官方强烈建议适配暗黑模式(Dark Mode)此功能也是为了开发者能慢慢将应用适配暗黑模式,所以想通过此功能不进行适配暗黑模式,预计将会被拒。
在Info.plist 文件中,添加UIUserInterfaceStyle
key 名字为 User Interface Style
值为String, 将UIUserInterfaceStyle
key 的值设置为 Light
UIViewController与UIView 都新增一个属性 overrideUserInterfaceStyle
将 overrideUserInterfaceStyle
设置为对应的模式,则强制限制该元素与其子元素以设置的模式进行展示,不跟随系统模式改变进行改变
+ (UIColor *)colorWithDynamicProvider:(UIColor * (^)(UITraitCollection *))dynamicProvider API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
- (UIColor *)initWithDynamicProvider:(UIColor * (^)(UITraitCollection *))dynamicProvider API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
e.g.
[UIColor colorWithDynamicProvider:^UIColor * _Nonnull(UITraitCollection * _Nonnull trait) {
if (trait.userInterfaceStyle == UIUserInterfaceStyleDark) {
return UIColorRGB(0x000000);
} else {
return UIColorRGB(0xFFFFFF);
}
}];
当用户更改外观时,系统会通知所有window与View需要更新样式,在此过程中iOS会触发以下方法
traitCollectionDidChange(_:)
layoutSubviews()
draw(_:)
updateConstraints()
tintColorDidChange()
traitCollectionDidChange(_:)
updateViewConstraints()
viewWillLayoutSubviews()
viewDidLayoutSubviews()
traitCollectionDidChange(_:)
containerViewWillLayoutSubviews()
containerViewDidLayoutSubviews()
iOS13 之前
UIColor
只能表示一种颜色,而从 iOS13 开始UIColor
是一个动态的颜色,在LightMode
和Dark Mode
可以分别设置不同的颜色。
iOS13系统提供了一些动态颜色
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemBrownColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemIndigoColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGray2Color API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGray3Color API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGray4Color API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGray5Color API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGray6Color API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *labelColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *secondaryLabelColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *tertiaryLabelColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *quaternaryLabelColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *linkColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *placeholderTextColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *separatorColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *opaqueSeparatorColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *secondarySystemBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *tertiarySystemBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemGroupedBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *secondarySystemGroupedBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *tertiarySystemGroupedBackgroundColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *systemFillColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *secondarySystemFillColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *tertiarySystemFillColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
@property (class, nonatomic, readonly) UIColor *quaternarySystemFillColor API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(tvos, watchos);
① 实例
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor systemBackgroundColor]];
[self.titleLabel setTextColor:[UIColor labelColor]];
[self.detailLabel setTextColor:[UIColor placeholderTextColor]];
效果展示
用法和iOS13之前的一样,使用系统提供的这些动态颜色,不需要其他的适配操作
初始化动态UIColor
方法
iOS13 UIColor
增加了两个初始化方法,使用以下方法可以创建动态UIColor
注:一个是类方法,一个是实例方法
+ (UIColor *)colorWithDynamicProvider:(UIColor * (^)(UITraitCollection *))dynamicProvider API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
- (UIColor *)initWithDynamicProvider:(UIColor * (^)(UITraitCollection *))dynamicProvider API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0), tvos(13.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
LightMode
和DarkMode
之间相互切换时就会触发此回调block
会返回一个UITraitCollection
类userInterfaceStyle
,它是一个枚举类型,会告诉我们当前是LightMode
还是DarkMode
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIUserInterfaceStyle) {
UIUserInterfaceStyleUnspecified,
UIUserInterfaceStyleLight,
UIUserInterfaceStyleDark,
} API_AVAILABLE(tvos(10.0)) API_AVAILABLE(ios(12.0)) API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos);
② 实例
UIColor *dyColor = [UIColor colorWithDynamicProvider:^UIColor * _Nonnull(UITraitCollection * _Nonnull trainCollection) {
if ([trainCollection userInterfaceStyle] == UIUserInterfaceStyleLight) {
return [UIColor redColor];
}
else {
return [UIColor greenColor];
}
}];
[self.bgView setBackgroundColor:dyColor];
[_logoImage setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_logo"]];
有时候我们需要知道当前处于什么模式,并根据不同的模式执行不同的操作 iOS13中CGColor依然只能表示单一的颜色通过调用UITraitCollection.currentTraitCollection.userInterfaceStyle
获取当前模式
if (UITraitCollection.currentTraitCollection.userInterfaceStyle == UIUserInterfaceStyleDark) {
[self.titleLabel setText:@"DarkMode"];
}
else {
[self.titleLabel setText:@"LightMode"];
}
有时我们需要监听系统模式的变化,并作出响应
那么我们就需要在需要监听的viewController中,重写下列函数
// 注意:参数为变化前的traitCollection
- (void)traitCollectionDidChange:(UITraitCollection *)previousTraitCollection;
// 判断两个UITraitCollection对象是否不同
- (BOOL)hasDifferentColorAppearanceComparedToTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)traitCollection;
① 示例
- (void)traitCollectionDidChange:(UITraitCollection *)previousTraitCollection {
[super traitCollectionDidChange:previousTraitCollection];
// trait发生了改变
if ([self.traitCollection hasDifferentColorAppearanceComparedToTraitCollection:previousTraitCollection]) {
// 执行操作
}
}
我们知道iOS13后,UIColor能够表示动态颜色,但是CGColor依然只能表示一种颜色,那么对于CALayer等对象如何适配暗黑模式呢?当然是利用上一节提到的监听模式切换的方法啦。
① 方式一:resolvedColor
// 通过当前traitCollection得到对应UIColor
// 将UIColor转换为CGColor
- (UIColor *)resolvedColorWithTraitCollection:(UITraitCollection *)traitCollection;
实例
- (void)traitCollectionDidChange:(UITraitCollection *)previousTraitCollection {
[super traitCollectionDidChange:previousTraitCollection];
UIColor *dyColor = [UIColor colorWithDynamicProvider:^UIColor * _Nonnull(UITraitCollection * _Nonnull trainCollection) {
if ([trainCollection userInterfaceStyle] == UIUserInterfaceStyleLight) {
return [UIColor redColor];
}
else {
return [UIColor greenColor];
}
}];
UIColor *resolvedColor = [dyColor resolvedColorWithTraitCollection:previousTraitCollection];
layer.backgroundColor = resolvedColor.CGColor;
② 方式二:performAsCurrent
// 使用当前trainCollection调用此方法
- (void)performAsCurrentTraitCollection:(void (^)(void))actions;
示例
- (void)traitCollectionDidChange:(UITraitCollection *)previousTraitCollection {
[super traitCollectionDidChange:previousTraitCollection];
UIColor *dyColor = [UIColor colorWithDynamicProvider:^UIColor * _Nonnull(UITraitCollection * _Nonnull trainCollection) {
if ([trainCollection userInterfaceStyle] == UIUserInterfaceStyleLight) {
return [UIColor redColor];
}
else {
return [UIColor greenColor];
}
}];
[self.traitCollection performAsCurrentTraitCollection:^{
layer.backgroundColor = dyColor.CGColor;
}];
}
方式三:最简单的方法
直接设置为一个动态UIColor的CGColor即可
- (void)traitCollectionDidChange:(UITraitCollection *)previousTraitCollection {
[super traitCollectionDidChange:previousTraitCollection];
UIColor *dyColor = [UIColor colorWithDynamicProvider:^UIColor * _Nonnull(UITraitCollection * _Nonnull trainCollection) {
if ([trainCollection userInterfaceStyle] == UIUserInterfaceStyleLight) {
return [UIColor redColor];
}
else {
return [UIColor greenColor];
}
}];
layer.backgroundColor = dyColor.CGColor;
}
⚠️!!! 设置layer颜色都是在traitCollectionDidChange中,意味着如果没有发生模式切换,layer将会没有颜色,需要设置一个基本颜色
Product->Scheme->Edit Scheme
Run->Arguments->Arguments Passed On Launch
UITraitCollectionChangeLoggingEnabled YES
当系统设置为Light Mode
时,对某些App的个别页面希望一直显示Dark Mode
下的样式,这个时候就需要强行设置当前ViewController
的模式了
// 设置当前view或viewCongtroller的模式
@property(nonatomic) UIUserInterfaceStyle overrideUserInterfaceStyle;
示例
// 设置为Dark Mode即可
[self setOverrideUserInterfaceStyle:UIUserInterfaceStyleDark];
⚠️ 注意!!!
overrideUserInterfaceStyle
window.rootViewController
强行设置Dark Mode
也不会影响后续present出的ViewController的模式对于UILabel、UITextField、UITextView,在设置NSAttributedString时也要考虑适配Dark Mode,否则在切换模式时会与背景色融合,造成不好的体验
推荐的做法
// 添加一个NSForegroundColorAttributeName属性
NSDictionary *dic = @{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:16],NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor labelColor]};
NSAttributedString *str = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"富文本文案" attributes:dic];
总的来说,iOS13主要有以下变化:
1.支持 Dark Mode
2.UIColor变为动态颜色
3.更新StatusBar样式
4.更新UIActivityIndicatorView样式
iOS开发如何适配暗黑模式(Dark Mode)
iOS13 暗黑模式(Dark Mode)适配之OC版