【学习笔记】懂你英语 商务英语 Level 6 Unit 1 Part 4（III）词汇 How to Value a Stock
index 指数
A stock index is a section of the stock market that shows price changes. 股票指数是股票市场中反映价格变化的部分。
If a index goes up a level, the group of stocks in it also increases in value by a level. 如果一个指数上升一个水平，其中的股票组的价值也上升一个水平。
A national index shows the performance of a nation's stock market. 【跟读】国家指数显示一个国家股票市场的表现。
bull market 牛市
A bull market is a financial market when security prices rise. 牛市是指证券价格上涨时的金融市场。
During a bull market, investor confidence and optimism will rise. 在牛市期间，投资者的信心和乐观情绪会上升。
As a result, the demand for stocks will increase and buying will increase. 结果是股票的需求量会增加，购买也会增加。
bear market 熊市
A bear market is a financial market where security prices fall. 熊市是指证券价格下跌的金融市场。
It is a switch from high investor optimism to high investor pessimism. 这是投资者从高度乐观转向高度悲观的转变。
As pessimism spreads, selling increases. 随着悲观情绪的蔓延，抛售也在增加。
One measure of a bear market is a price decline of at least 20% over a two-month period. 熊市的一个衡量指标是两个月内价格至少下跌20%。
【选择】A section of the stock market that shows price changes in a ... stock price.
【选择】-How does investor's optimism influence the demand of stocks? -Demand and buying increase.
【选择】A financial market where security prices are falling is a ... bear maket.
【填空】European stock index has opened to a positive start this week.
【填空】Hong Kong's Hang Seng index plummeted to a 19-month low after declines in US markets. 在美国股市下跌后，香港恒生指数暴跌至19个月低点。
plummet /ˈplʌmɪt/ n. 铅锤，坠子 | vi. 垂直落下
【填空】Experts predict the bull market will slow down after three years. 专家预测牛市将在三年后放缓。
【填空】Trade tensions between countries could lead to the end of a bull market. 国与国之间的贸易紧张可能会导致牛市的结束。
【填空】After five years of growth, the current bull market may be headed for a correction. 在经历了5年的增长后，当前的牛市可能会走向回调。
【填空】【跟读】The chart displays a price reversal from a bull market to a bear market. 该图显示了从牛市到熊市的价格逆转。
market crash 股市崩溃
A market crash is a sudden rapid drop in stock prices. 市场崩溃是指股票价格的突然快速下跌。
It can be caused by an economic crisis of panic selling of stocks. 它可能是由恐慌性抛售股票的经济危机造成的。
It causes a significant decline in the value of paper money. 它导致纸币的价值大幅下降。
To avoid a crash, trading will halt if the market value falls too quickly. 为了避免崩盘，如果市场价值下跌过快，交易将停止。
IPO 首次公开募股（Initial Public Offering）
An initial public offering, or IPO, is a company's first sale of stock to the public. 首次公开募股(IPO)是公司首次向公众出售股票。
A company that goes public will have a large group of investors, which raises capital. 一个上市的公司将会有大量的投资者来筹集资金。
It will also have exposure and stronger image, leading in higher profits. 它还将拥有曝光率和更强的形象，从而带来更高的利润。
【选择】A sudden, rapid drop in stock prices is called a ... market crash.
【选择】-Why is going public a big advantage for a company? -They will gain more exposure.
【填空】【跟读】Several noted economists have warned of a stock market crash. 几位著名的经济学家已经对股市崩盘发出了警告。
【填空】Tencent Music has decided to postpone its initial public offering due to volatility in the US stock market. 由于美国股市动荡，腾讯音乐(Tencent Music)决定推迟首次公开发行(IPO)。
【填空】【跟读】The company plans to go for an IPO after the merger. 公司计划在合并后进行首次公开募股。
【填空】The company is eyeing an initial public offering next quarter. 该公司正着眼于下个季度的首次公开发行。
【填空】Due to market instability, the company scrapped an IPO that could have been valued at 8 billion dollars. 由于市场不稳定，该公司取消了一次价值80亿美元的IPO。
【跟读】A company will gain more exposure once it goes public.
根据百度百科——IPO是狭义的上市，广义的上市除了公司公开（不定向）发行股票，还包括新产品或服务在市场上发布/推出。