Android6.0系统启动流程分析一：init进程

到了Android6.0,Init进程使用c++来写了，不过没有关系，它和c写的init没有太大的区别。
Init进程的入口代码是：system\core\init\init.cpp
main函数：

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "watchdogd")) {
        return watchdogd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    // Clear the umask.
    umask(0);

    add_environment("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH);

    bool is_first_stage = (argc == 1) || (strcmp(argv[1], "--second-stage") != 0);

    // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
    // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
    if (is_first_stage) {
        mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755");
        mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755);
        mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755);
        mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL);
        mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, NULL);
        mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL);
    }

    // We must have some place other than / to create the device nodes for
    // kmsg and null, otherwise we won't be able to remount / read-only
    // later on. Now that tmpfs is mounted on /dev, we can actually talk
    // to the outside world.
    open_devnull_stdio();
    klog_init();
    klog_set_level(KLOG_NOTICE_LEVEL);

    NOTICE("init%s started!\n", is_first_stage ? "" : " second stage");

    if (!is_first_stage) {
        // Indicate that booting is in progress to background fw loaders, etc.
        close(open("/dev/.booting", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));

        property_init();

        // If arguments are passed both on the command line and in DT,
        // properties set in DT always have priority over the command-line ones.
        process_kernel_dt();
        process_kernel_cmdline();

        // Propogate the kernel variables to internal variables
        // used by init as well as the current required properties.
        export_kernel_boot_props();
    }

    // Set up SELinux, including loading the SELinux policy if we're in the kernel domain.
    selinux_initialize(is_first_stage);

    // If we're in the kernel domain, re-exec init to transition to the init domain now
    // that the SELinux policy has been loaded.
    if (is_first_stage) {
        if (restorecon("/init") == -1) {
            ERROR("restorecon failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
            security_failure();
        }
        char* path = argv[0];
        char* args[] = { path, const_cast<char*>("--second-stage"), nullptr };
        if (execv(path, args) == -1) {
            ERROR("execv(\"%s\") failed: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
            security_failure();
        }
    }

    // These directories were necessarily created before initial policy load
    // and therefore need their security context restored to the proper value.
    // This must happen before /dev is populated by ueventd.
    INFO("Running restorecon...\n");
    restorecon("/dev");
    restorecon("/dev/socket");
    restorecon("/dev/__properties__");
    restorecon_recursive("/sys");

    epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
    if (epoll_fd == -1) {
        ERROR("epoll_create1 failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    signal_handler_init();

    property_load_boot_defaults();
    start_property_service();

    init_parse_config_file("/init.rc");

    action_for_each_trigger("early-init", action_add_queue_tail);

    // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
    queue_builtin_action(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
    // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev.
    queue_builtin_action(mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng_action, "mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng");
    queue_builtin_action(keychord_init_action, "keychord_init");
    queue_builtin_action(console_init_action, "console_init");

    // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
    action_for_each_trigger("init", action_add_queue_tail);

    // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
    // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
    queue_builtin_action(mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng_action, "mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng");

    // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
    char bootmode[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
    if (property_get("ro.bootmode", bootmode) > 0 && strcmp(bootmode, "charger") == 0) {
        action_for_each_trigger("charger", action_add_queue_tail);
    } else {
        action_for_each_trigger("late-init", action_add_queue_tail);
    }

    // Run all property triggers based on current state of the properties.
    queue_builtin_action(queue_property_triggers_action, "queue_property_triggers");

    while (true) {
        if (!waiting_for_exec) {
            execute_one_command();
            restart_processes();
        }

        int timeout = -1;
        if (process_needs_restart) {
            timeout = (process_needs_restart - gettime()) * 1000;
            if (timeout < 0)
                timeout = 0;
        }

        if (!action_queue_empty() || cur_action) {
            timeout = 0;
        }

        bootchart_sample(&timeout);

        epoll_event ev;
        int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, timeout));
        if (nr == -1) {
            ERROR("epoll_wait failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        } else if (nr == 1) {
            ((void (*)()) ev.data.ptr)();
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

1.这个函数是否往下执行取决于传入的参数，如果第0个参数的basename为ueventd，则执行ueventd_main(argc, argv);如果basename为watchdogd_main，则执行watchdogd_main(argc, argv);只有basename不为这二者时，才会继续往下执行。
2.如果argv[1]不为”–second-stage”或者只有一个参数的话，那么is_first_stage就为true,就会创建/dev/pts和”/dev/socket”两个设备文件节点，并挂载一个文件系统。可以看出来init进程分两个阶段，不同的阶段有不同的行为。具体的内涵鄙人还没搞明白。
3.启动属性服务。创建一个socket，并在之后的死循环中监听这个socket返回的文件描述符。
3.解析init.rc。这个过程也是我最感兴趣的，也是最重要的复杂的。
4.对各个阶段的action排序。
5.进入死循环。
6.第一次进入死循环后，action_queue里面有很多时间，因此需要不断调用execute_one_command来执行命令。此时，action_queue_empty为假，timeout 为0，init线程不会在epoll_wait方法中休眠，因为设置的timeout=0哦，这一点曾一度困扰了我。
7.所有的命令执行完后，init进程进入休眠，监听property_set_fd和signal_read_fd两个文件描述符，一点他们有事件过来，立刻被唤醒，进而做事件处理。

init.rc梳理

在我们分析init.rc的解析过程之前，我们还需要先对init.rc有个基本的认识。
先看一张我根据理解绘制的图：

从图来看，init.rc主要有section组成，section由on,import,section三个关键字标示。其中on标示的section叫做action。
import就不用说了，和c语言中的include功能有点类似。
service格式如下

service   [  ]*  
     
     
   ...  

action后面会跟一个触发器，然后另起一行开始放置命令（command）,格式如下：

on <trigger>  
   <command>  
   <command>  
   <command>  

跟在service后面的是option,跟在action后面的是command.command都会对应一个处理函数，定义在keywords.h中：

...
    KEYWORD(loglevel,    COMMAND, 1, do_loglevel)
    KEYWORD(mkdir,       COMMAND, 1, do_mkdir)
    KEYWORD(mount_all,   COMMAND, 1, do_mount_all)
    KEYWORD(mount,       COMMAND, 3, do_mount)
    ...

命名也是很有规则的。比如mkdir,对应的函数就是do_mkdir。我们看看do_mkdir做了什么：

int do_mkdir(int nargs, char **args)
{
    mode_t mode = 0755;
    int ret;

    /* mkdir  [mode] [owner] [group] */

    if (nargs >= 3) {
        mode = strtoul(args[2], 0, 8);
    }

    ret = make_dir(args[1], mode);
    /* chmod in case the directory already exists */
    if (ret == -1 && errno == EEXIST) {
        ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1], mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
    }
    if (ret == -1) {
        return -errno;
    }

    if (nargs >= 4) {
        uid_t uid = decode_uid(args[3]);
        gid_t gid = -1;

        if (nargs == 5) {
            gid = decode_uid(args[4]);
        }

        if (lchown(args[1], uid, gid) == -1) {
            return -errno;
        }

        /* chown may have cleared S_ISUID and S_ISGID, chmod again */
        if (mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID)) {
            ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1], mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
            if (ret == -1) {
                return -errno;
            }
        }
    }

    return e4crypt_set_directory_policy(args[1]);
}

其实就是调用了make_dir并做了一些权限等方面的操作。所以，跟在action后面的命令并不能随随便便乱加，而是要确保这个命令被定义了，不然就会出错。

init.rc的解析过程（以import为例）

因为init.rc的第一行代码就是Import语句。万事开头难，只要我们理清了第一行的解析过程，后面行的解析分析起来就不怎么费劲了。所以下面我们主要看看init.rc中第一行的解析过程。
init.tc的解析函数为：init_parse_config_file

int init_parse_config_file(const char* path) {
    INFO("Parsing %s...\n", path);
    Timer t;
    std::string data;
    if (!read_file(path, &data)) {
        return -1;
    }

    data.push_back('\n'); // TODO: fix parse_config.
    parse_config(path, data);
    dump_parser_state();

    // MStar Android Patch Begin
    INFO("(Parsing %s took %.2fs.)\n", path, t.duration());
    // MStar Android Patch End
    return 0;
}

这个函数把/init.rc中的内容读出来，并让data这个string类型的变量指向它。
把读出来的data传递给parse_config函数做真正的解析工作。parse_config函数如下：

static void parse_config(const char *fn, const std::string& data)
{
    char *args[UEVENTD_PARSER_MAXARGS];

    int nargs = 0;
    parse_state state;
    state.filename = fn;
    state.line = 1;
    state.ptr = strdup(data.c_str());  // TODO: fix this code!
    state.nexttoken = 0;
    state.parse_line = parse_line_no_op;
    for (;;) {
        int token = next_token(&state);
        switch (token) {
        case T_EOF:
            parse_line(&state, args, nargs);
            return;
        case T_NEWLINE:
            if (nargs) {
                parse_line(&state, args, nargs);
                nargs = 0;
            }
            state.line++;
            break;
        case T_TEXT:
            if (nargs < UEVENTD_PARSER_MAXARGS) {
                args[nargs++] = state.text;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
}

我看到这个函数的时候，我想起了xml解析方法之一的pull解析，感觉挺像的。每次循环都会找到一个token，token就是一个特定的符号，然后根据这个toke做不同的处理。这里使用到了parse_state结构，启动以如下：

struct parse_state
{
    char *ptr;
    char *text;
    int line;
    int nexttoken;
    void *context;
    void (*parse_line)(struct parse_state *state, int nargs, char **args);
    const char *filename;
    void *priv;
};

这个就够中：ptr执行init.rc字符流的，text后面会用到，用来保存参数，line当然就是行数了，nexttoken保存下一个token,filename保存init.rc的文件描述符，filename当然是/init.rc了.parse_line是一个函数指针。context暂时没明白…state.priv 指向Import的一个文件链表。
我们打开Init.rc看看，从头分析它的解析过程。

import /init.environ.rc
import /init.usb.rc
import /init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /init.${ro.zygote}.rc
import /init.trace.rc
...

init.rc前面几行都是import语句，我们看看一开始的解析流程。
这个时候，parse_satate的状态为：

    state.filename = fn;
    state.line = 1;
    state.ptr = strdup(data.c_str());  // TODO: fix this code!
    state.nexttoken = 0;
    state.parse_line = parse_line_no_op;
        list_init(&import_list);
    state.priv = &import_list;

step 1.第一次循环

然后进入死循环，第一次调用next_token函数：

int next_token(struct parse_state *state)
{
    char *x = state->ptr;
    char *s;

    if (state->nexttoken) {
        int t = state->nexttoken;
        state->nexttoken = 0;
        return t;
    }

    for (;;) {
        switch (*x) {
        case 0:
            state->ptr = x;
            return T_EOF;
        case '\n':
            x++;
            state->ptr = x;
            return T_NEWLINE;
        case ' ':
        case '\t':
        case '\r':
            x++;
            continue;
        case '#':
            while (*x && (*x != '\n')) x++;
            if (*x == '\n') {
                state->ptr = x+1;
                return T_NEWLINE;
            } else {
                state->ptr = x;
                return T_EOF;
            }
        default:
            goto text;
        }
    }

textdone:
    state->ptr = x;
    *s = 0;
    return T_TEXT;
text:
    state->text = s = x;
textresume:
    for (;;) {
        switch (*x) {
        case 0:
            goto textdone;
        case ' ':
        case '\t':
        case '\r':
            x++;
            goto textdone;
        case '\n':
            state->nexttoken = T_NEWLINE;
            x++;
            goto textdone;
        case '"':
            x++;
            for (;;) {
                switch (*x) {
                case 0:
                        /* unterminated quoted thing */
                    state->ptr = x;
                    return T_EOF;
                case '"':
                    x++;
                    goto textresume;
                default:
                    *s++ = *x++;
                }
            }
            break;
        case '\\':
            x++;
            switch (*x) {
            case 0:
                goto textdone;
            case 'n':
                *s++ = '\n';
                break;
            case 'r':
                *s++ = '\r';
                break;
            case 't':
                *s++ = '\t';
                break;
            case '\\':
                *s++ = '\\';
                break;
            case '\r':
                    /* \   -> line continuation */
                if (x[1] != '\n') {
                    x++;
                    continue;
                }
            case '\n':
                    /* \  -> line continuation */
                state->line++;
                x++;
                    /* eat any extra whitespace */
                while((*x == ' ') || (*x == '\t')) x++;
                continue;
            default:
                    /* unknown escape -- just copy */
                *s++ = *x++;
            }
            continue;
        default:
            *s++ = *x++;
        }
    }
    return T_EOF;
}

这时候，init.rc中的第一个符号应该是i(impor,省去空格)，所以next_token直接进入到text:标签执行，执行的结果是state->text = s = ‘i’;然后继续执行textresume:标签后面的内容：
标签后面的for死循环中，发现第一个字符是i,于是执行default分支：*s++ = *x++;这样直到import的t被检测完以后，在下一次循环变得到一个空格，于是执行x++,并goto textdone.。textdown执行完后函数返回，返回后，state->ptr 指向’/’符号 。*s = 0;意味着state.text就是字符串“import”,因为0就是字符串结束符了。注意返回值为T_TEXT。这个时候执行parse_config函数中的case T_TEXT:分支。

        case T_TEXT:
            if (nargs < INIT_PARSER_MAXARGS) {
                args[nargs++] = state.text;
            }

这个时候，nargs为0，state.text位import,于是args数组的第0项就存了”import”字符串了。然后nargs++,也就是等于1了。然后进入下次循环。

step 2.第二次循环

第二次循环再次调用next_token函数，这次state->ptr=’\’，这我们分析过了。因此next_token函数不断执行defaulty分支，最终state.text = “/init.environ.rc”，返回类型还是T_TEXT。于是和之前一样，args[1]=”/init.environ.rc”,nargs=2。

step 3.第三次循环

这个时候一行结束，parse_config函数进入case T_NEWLINE:分支。
这个分支中，首先执行lookup_keyword函数，从名字来看是查找关键字。肯定就是import了，它肯定是关键字。不信请看代码：

static int lookup_keyword(const char *s)
{
    switch (*s++) {
    case 'b':
        if (!strcmp(s, "ootchart_init")) return K_bootchart_init;
        break;
    case 'c':
        if (!strcmp(s, "opy")) return K_copy;
        if (!strcmp(s, "lass")) return K_class;
        if (!strcmp(s, "lass_start")) return K_class_start;
        if (!strcmp(s, "lass_stop")) return K_class_stop;
        if (!strcmp(s, "lass_reset")) return K_class_reset;
        if (!strcmp(s, "onsole")) return K_console;
        if (!strcmp(s, "hown")) return K_chown;
        if (!strcmp(s, "hmod")) return K_chmod;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ritical")) return K_critical;
        break;
    case 'd':
        if (!strcmp(s, "isabled")) return K_disabled;
        if (!strcmp(s, "omainname")) return K_domainname;
        break;
    case 'e':
        if (!strcmp(s, "nable")) return K_enable;
        if (!strcmp(s, "xec")) return K_exec;
        if (!strcmp(s, "xport")) return K_export;
        break;
    case 'g':
        if (!strcmp(s, "roup")) return K_group;
        break;
    case 'h':
        if (!strcmp(s, "ostname")) return K_hostname;
        break;
    case 'i':
        if (!strcmp(s, "oprio")) return K_ioprio;
        if (!strcmp(s, "fup")) return K_ifup;
        if (!strcmp(s, "nsmod")) return K_insmod;
        if (!strcmp(s, "mport")) return K_import;
        if (!strcmp(s, "nstallkey")) return K_installkey;
        break;
    case 'k':
        if (!strcmp(s, "eycodes")) return K_keycodes;
        break;
    case 'l':
        if (!strcmp(s, "oglevel")) return K_loglevel;
        if (!strcmp(s, "oad_persist_props")) return K_load_persist_props;
        if (!strcmp(s, "oad_all_props")) return K_load_all_props;
        break;
    case 'm':
        if (!strcmp(s, "kdir")) return K_mkdir;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ount_all")) return K_mount_all;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ount")) return K_mount;
        break;
    case 'o':
        if (!strcmp(s, "n")) return K_on;
        if (!strcmp(s, "neshot")) return K_oneshot;
        if (!strcmp(s, "nrestart")) return K_onrestart;
        break;
    case 'p':
        if (!strcmp(s, "owerctl")) return K_powerctl;
        break;
    case 'r':
        if (!strcmp(s, "estart")) return K_restart;
        if (!strcmp(s, "estorecon")) return K_restorecon;
        if (!strcmp(s, "estorecon_recursive")) return K_restorecon_recursive;
        if (!strcmp(s, "mdir")) return K_rmdir;
        if (!strcmp(s, "m")) return K_rm;
        break;
    case 's':
        if (!strcmp(s, "eclabel")) return K_seclabel;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ervice")) return K_service;
        if (!strcmp(s, "etenv")) return K_setenv;
        if (!strcmp(s, "etprop")) return K_setprop;
        if (!strcmp(s, "etrlimit")) return K_setrlimit;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ocket")) return K_socket;
        if (!strcmp(s, "tart")) return K_start;
        if (!strcmp(s, "top")) return K_stop;
        if (!strcmp(s, "wapon_all")) return K_swapon_all;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ymlink")) return K_symlink;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ysclktz")) return K_sysclktz;
        break;
    case 't':
        if (!strcmp(s, "rigger")) return K_trigger;
        break;
    case 'u':
        if (!strcmp(s, "ser")) return K_user;
        break;
    case 'v':
        if (!strcmp(s, "erity_load_state")) return K_verity_load_state;
        if (!strcmp(s, "erity_update_state")) return K_verity_update_state;
        break;
    case 'w':
        if (!strcmp(s, "rite")) return K_write;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ritepid")) return K_writepid;
        if (!strcmp(s, "ait")) return K_wait;
        break;
    }
    return K_UNKNOWN;
}

调用这个函数的时候，我们传入的参数args[0]=”import”.显而易见该函数返回K_import。它是一个整数。返回以后使用kw_is函数看他是不是一个Section。当然是一个section了，import也是一个section。不信看代码：

#define kw_is(kw, type) (keyword_info[kw].flags & (type))

keyword_info定义在system/core/init/keywords.h中：

    ...
    KEYWORD(group,       OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(hostname,    COMMAND, 1, do_hostname)
    KEYWORD(ifup,        COMMAND, 1, do_ifup)
    KEYWORD(import,      SECTION, 1, 0)
    ...

截取含有import的一部分代码，后面SECTION已经表明它是个Section了。KEYWORD自后一个参数是这个关键字对应的处理函数。比如这其中的hostname。如果你在init.rc中使用hostname 关键字，那么最终会调用do_hostname函数来处理。
既然import是一个section。那么parce_config就会调用state.parse_line函数，这里是一个函数指针，其实调用的是parse_line_no_op，不记得回去看下state的初始就知道了。

static void parse_line_no_op(struct parse_state*, int, char**) {
}

这个函数是空的。接下来调用parse_new_section函数：

static void parse_new_section(struct parse_state *state, int kw,
                       int nargs, char **args)
{
    printf("[ %s %s ]\n", args[0],
           nargs > 1 ? args[1] : "");
    switch(kw) {
    case K_service:
        state->context = parse_service(state, nargs, args);
        if (state->context) {
            state->parse_line = parse_line_service;
            return;
        }
        break;
    case K_on:
        state->context = parse_action(state, nargs, args);
        if (state->context) {
            state->parse_line = parse_line_action;
            return;
        }
        break;
    case K_import:
        parse_import(state, nargs, args);
        break;
    }
    state->parse_line = parse_line_no_op;
}

我们当然是执行case K_import:分支了，想都不用想。所以接下来执行parse_import方法：

static void parse_import(struct parse_state *state, int nargs, char **args)
{
    struct listnode *import_list = (listnode*) state->priv;
    char conf_file[PATH_MAX];
    int ret;

    if (nargs != 2) {
        ERROR("single argument needed for import\n");
        return;
    }

    ret = expand_props(conf_file, args[1], sizeof(conf_file));
    if (ret) {
        ERROR("error while handling import on line '%d' in '%s'\n",
              state->line, state->filename);
        return;
    }

    struct import* import = (struct import*) calloc(1, sizeof(struct import));
    import->filename = strdup(conf_file);
    list_add_tail(import_list, &import->list);
    INFO("Added '%s' to import list\n", import->filename);
}

这个函数首先使用expand_props方法对args[1]也就是“/init.environ.rc”做进一步处理。这个函数如下：

int expand_props(char *dst, const char *src, int dst_size)
{
    char *dst_ptr = dst;
    const char *src_ptr = src;
    int ret = 0;
    int left = dst_size - 1;

    if (!src || !dst || dst_size == 0)
        return -1;

    /* - variables can either be $x.y or ${x.y}, in case they are only part
     *   of the string.
     * - will accept $$ as a literal $.
     * - no nested property expansion, i.e. ${foo.${bar}} is not supported,
     *   bad things will happen
     */
    while (*src_ptr && left > 0) {
        char *c;
        char prop[PROP_NAME_MAX + 1];
        char prop_val[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
        int prop_len = 0;
        int prop_val_len;

        c = strchr(src_ptr, '$');
        if (!c) {
            while (left-- > 0 && *src_ptr)
                *(dst_ptr++) = *(src_ptr++);
            break;
        }
        ...

可以看出，这个函数的作用是拓展args[1].这里不需要拓展，因为我们的args[1]=”/init.environ.rc”没有$符号，所以直接就跳出循环了。这里应该是对那些有包含变量的字符串，把变量的内容展开。
然后构建了一个import结构体。import中的filename项赋值为”/init.environ.rc”.并把它加入到import_list链表中。
import定义如下：

struct import {
    struct listnode list;
    const char *filename;
};

这样，第一行就分析完了，从而我们也彻底明白了怎么解析一个import 的section。
只要能看懂一个，其他的就简单了。因为，他们都是类似的。

service的解析与启动

service的解析

和import解析过程类似，遇到service关键字后，service关键字和后面的参数会保存在args[]数组中。然后通过对args[0]提取关键字，发现args[0]=”service”,于是开始执行parse_new_section函数。此时这个函数必然会进入 case K_service:分支执行：

    case K_service:
        state->context = parse_service(state, nargs, args);
        if (state->context) {
            state->parse_line = parse_line_service;
            return;
        }
        break;

这里做了两件事情非常重要，一件是调用parse_service解析service这个section。另一件事情是给state->parse_line赋值为parse_line_service。也就是service 关键字所在的行后面的那些options行都是使用parse_line_service函数来解析的。我们从parse_service看起：

static void *parse_service(struct parse_state *state, int nargs, char **args)
{
    if (nargs < 3) {
        parse_error(state, "services must have a name and a program\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if (!valid_name(args[1])) {
        parse_error(state, "invalid service name '%s'\n", args[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    service* svc = (service*) service_find_by_name(args[1]);
    if (svc) {
        parse_error(state, "ignored duplicate definition of service '%s'\n", args[1]);
        return 0;
    }

    nargs -= 2;
    svc = (service*) calloc(1, sizeof(*svc) + sizeof(char*) * nargs);
    if (!svc) {
        parse_error(state, "out of memory\n");
        return 0;
    }
    svc->name = strdup(args[1]);
    svc->classname = "default";
    memcpy(svc->args, args + 2, sizeof(char*) * nargs);
    trigger* cur_trigger = (trigger*) calloc(1, sizeof(*cur_trigger));
    svc->args[nargs] = 0;
    svc->nargs = nargs;
    list_init(&svc->onrestart.triggers);
    cur_trigger->name = "onrestart";
    list_add_tail(&svc->onrestart.triggers, &cur_trigger->nlist);
    list_init(&svc->onrestart.commands);
    list_add_tail(&service_list, &svc->slist);
    return svc;
}

可以看到和import做的事情差不多。import解析的最后，会创建一个import结构体，并把它添加到import_list双向链表中。service解析从这里看，也是构建一个service结构体，然后把service结构体添加到service_list链表中。
我们看下service结构体：

struct service {
    void NotifyStateChange(const char* new_state);

        /* list of all services */
    struct listnode slist;

    char *name;
    const char *classname;

    unsigned flags;
    pid_t pid;
    time_t time_started;    /* time of last start */
    time_t time_crashed;    /* first crash within inspection window */
    int nr_crashed;         /* number of times crashed within window */

    uid_t uid;
    gid_t gid;
    gid_t supp_gids[NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS];
    size_t nr_supp_gids;

    const char* seclabel;

    struct socketinfo *sockets;
    struct svcenvinfo *envvars;

    struct action onrestart;  /* Actions to execute on restart. */

    std::vector<std::string>* writepid_files_;

    /* keycodes for triggering this service via /dev/keychord */
    int *keycodes;
    int nkeycodes;
    int keychord_id;

    IoSchedClass ioprio_class;
    int ioprio_pri;

    int nargs;
    /* "MUST BE AT THE END OF THE STRUCT" */
    char *args[1];
}; /*     

socketinfo 用来保存socket option的相关信息。
classname 给service定义一个类名，如果多个service使用相同的类型，可以方便进行批量操作。
nargs 保存参数的个数。
很多字段不理解，没关系，我们看看parse_service函数给service做了那些初始化：
1. svc->name = strdup(args[1]);名字就是service 关键字后面的第一个参数
2. svc->classname = “default”; 类别名是default
3. memcpy(svc->args, args + 2, sizeof(char*) * nargs); svc->args[nargs] = 0;
把所有参数保存在args数组中，并把最有一个成员只为0。
4. svc->nargs = nargs; nargs保存参数个数
5. trigger* cur_trigger = (trigger*) calloc(1, sizeof(*cur_trigger));
list_init(&svc->onrestart.triggers);
cur_trigger->name = “onrestart”;
list_add_tail(&svc->onrestart.triggers, &cur_trigger->nlist);
构建一个触发器，并把它添加到service中的onrestart.triger列表中。
因此，我们可以知道么一个service都会有一个onrestart的action,这个action有一个触发器。这个action用来重启service。
解析完service后，就会解析service后面的option了，这个时候会调用parse_line_service。

static void parse_line_service(struct parse_state *state, int nargs, char **args)
{
    struct service *svc = (service*) state->context;
    struct command *cmd;
    int i, kw, kw_nargs;

    if (nargs == 0) {
        return;
    }

    svc->ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_NONE;

    kw = lookup_keyword(args[0]);
    switch (kw) {
    case K_class:
        if (nargs != 2) {
            parse_error(state, "class option requires a classname\n");
        } else {
            svc->classname = args[1];
        }
        break;
    case K_console:
        svc->flags |= SVC_CONSOLE;
        break;
    case K_disabled:
        svc->flags |= SVC_DISABLED;
        svc->flags |= SVC_RC_DISABLED;
        break;
    case K_ioprio:
        if (nargs != 3) {
            parse_error(state, "ioprio optin usage: ioprio  \n");
        } else {
            svc->ioprio_pri = strtoul(args[2], 0, 8);

            if (svc->ioprio_pri < 0 || svc->ioprio_pri > 7) {
                parse_error(state, "priority value must be range 0 - 7\n");
                break;
            }

            if (!strcmp(args[1], "rt")) {
                svc->ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_RT;
            } else if (!strcmp(args[1], "be")) {
                svc->ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_BE;
            } else if (!strcmp(args[1], "idle")) {
                svc->ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_IDLE;
            } else {
                parse_error(state, "ioprio option usage: ioprio  <0-7>\n");
            }
        }
        break;
    case K_group:
        if (nargs < 2) {
            parse_error(state, "group option requires a group id\n");
        } else if (nargs > NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS + 2) {
            parse_error(state, "group option accepts at most %d supp. groups\n",
                        NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS);
        } else {
            int n;
            svc->gid = decode_uid(args[1]);
            for (n = 2; n < nargs; n++) {
                svc->supp_gids[n-2] = decode_uid(args[n]);
            }
            svc->nr_supp_gids = n - 2;
        }
        break;
    case K_keycodes:
        if (nargs < 2) {
            parse_error(state, "keycodes option requires atleast one keycode\n");
        } else {
            svc->keycodes = (int*) malloc((nargs - 1) * sizeof(svc->keycodes[0]));
            if (!svc->keycodes) {
                parse_error(state, "could not allocate keycodes\n");
            } else {
                svc->nkeycodes = nargs - 1;
                for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++) {
                    svc->keycodes[i - 1] = atoi(args[i]);
                }
            }
        }
        break;
    case K_oneshot:
        svc->flags |= SVC_ONESHOT;
        break;
    case K_onrestart:
        nargs--;
        args++;
        kw = lookup_keyword(args[0]);
        if (!kw_is(kw, COMMAND)) {
            parse_error(state, "invalid command '%s'\n", args[0]);
            break;
        }
        kw_nargs = kw_nargs(kw);
        if (nargs < kw_nargs) {
            parse_error(state, "%s requires %d %s\n", args[0], kw_nargs - 1,
                kw_nargs > 2 ? "arguments" : "argument");
            break;
        }

        cmd = (command*) malloc(sizeof(*cmd) + sizeof(char*) * nargs);
        cmd->func = kw_func(kw);
        cmd->nargs = nargs;
        memcpy(cmd->args, args, sizeof(char*) * nargs);
        list_add_tail(&svc->onrestart.commands, &cmd->clist);
        break;
    case K_critical:
        svc->flags |= SVC_CRITICAL;
        break;
    case K_setenv: { /* name value */
        if (nargs < 3) {
            parse_error(state, "setenv option requires name and value arguments\n");
            break;
        }
        svcenvinfo* ei = (svcenvinfo*) calloc(1, sizeof(*ei));
        if (!ei) {
            parse_error(state, "out of memory\n");
            break;
        }
        ei->name = args[1];
        ei->value = args[2];
        ei->next = svc->envvars;
        svc->envvars = ei;
        break;
    }
    case K_socket: {/* name type perm [ uid gid context ] */
        if (nargs < 4) {
            parse_error(state, "socket option requires name, type, perm arguments\n");
            break;
        }
        if (strcmp(args[2],"dgram") && strcmp(args[2],"stream")
                && strcmp(args[2],"seqpacket")) {
            parse_error(state, "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'\n");
            break;
        }
        socketinfo* si = (socketinfo*) calloc(1, sizeof(*si));
        if (!si) {
            parse_error(state, "out of memory\n");
            break;
        }
        si->name = args[1];
        si->type = args[2];
        si->perm = strtoul(args[3], 0, 8);
        if (nargs > 4)
            si->uid = decode_uid(args[4]);
        if (nargs > 5)
            si->gid = decode_uid(args[5]);
        if (nargs > 6)
            si->socketcon = args[6];
        si->next = svc->sockets;
        svc->sockets = si;
        break;
    }
    case K_user:
        if (nargs != 2) {
            parse_error(state, "user option requires a user id\n");
        } else {
            svc->uid = decode_uid(args[1]);
        }
        break;
    case K_seclabel:
        if (nargs != 2) {
            parse_error(state, "seclabel option requires a label string\n");
        } else {
            svc->seclabel = args[1];
        }
        break;
    case K_writepid:
        if (nargs < 2) {
            parse_error(state, "writepid option requires at least one filename\n");
            break;
        }
        svc->writepid_files_ = new std::vector<std::string>;
        for (int i = 1; i < nargs; ++i) {
            svc->writepid_files_->push_back(args[i]);
        }
        break;

    default:
        parse_error(state, "invalid option '%s'\n", args[0]);
    }
}

这个函数中定义了所有的option，每一个option处理方法都不相同，大家遇到感兴趣的option可以自行分析。
service解析完成后，是时候看看service的启动了。

service的启动

service解析完成以后，有了一个service_list的链表，可以service是在是么地方启动的呢？当然是在action中了，action中有个命名叫start,它对应的处理函数是do_start,着我们在前面已经说过了，do_start函数如下：

int do_start(int nargs, char **args)
{
    struct service *svc;
    svc = service_find_by_name(args[1]);
    if (svc) {
        service_start(svc, NULL);
    }
    return 0;
}

这个函数非常见到，找到服务，启动它。
查找service的过程：

struct service *service_find_by_name(const char *name)
{
    struct listnode *node;
    struct service *svc;
    list_for_each(node, &service_list) {
        svc = node_to_item(node, struct service, slist);
        if (!strcmp(svc->name, name)) {
            return svc;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

遍历service_list，对比名字，相同就返回。
启动service过程：

void service_start(struct service *svc, const char *dynamic_args)
{
    // Starting a service removes it from the disabled or reset state and
    // immediately takes it out of the restarting state if it was in there.
    svc->flags &= (~(SVC_DISABLED|SVC_RESTARTING|SVC_RESET|SVC_RESTART|SVC_DISABLED_START));
    svc->time_started = 0;

    // Running processes require no additional work --- if they're in the
    // process of exiting, we've ensured that they will immediately restart
    // on exit, unless they are ONESHOT.
    if (svc->flags & SVC_RUNNING) {
        return;
    }

    bool needs_console = (svc->flags & SVC_CONSOLE);
    if (needs_console && !have_console) {
        ERROR("service '%s' requires console\n", svc->name);
        svc->flags |= SVC_DISABLED;
        return;
    }

    struct stat s;
    if (stat(svc->args[0], &s) != 0) {
        ERROR("cannot find '%s', disabling '%s'\n", svc->args[0], svc->name);
        svc->flags |= SVC_DISABLED;
        return;
    }

    if ((!(svc->flags & SVC_ONESHOT)) && dynamic_args) {
        ERROR("service '%s' must be one-shot to use dynamic args, disabling\n",
               svc->args[0]);
        svc->flags |= SVC_DISABLED;
        return;
    }

    char* scon = NULL;
    if (is_selinux_enabled() > 0) {
        if (svc->seclabel) {
            scon = strdup(svc->seclabel);
            if (!scon) {
                ERROR("Out of memory while starting '%s'\n", svc->name);
                return;
            }
        } else {
            char *mycon = NULL, *fcon = NULL;

            INFO("computing context for service '%s'\n", svc->args[0]);
            int rc = getcon(&mycon);
            if (rc < 0) {
                ERROR("could not get context while starting '%s'\n", svc->name);
                return;
            }

            rc = getfilecon(svc->args[0], &fcon);
            if (rc < 0) {
                ERROR("could not get context while starting '%s'\n", svc->name);
                freecon(mycon);
                return;
            }

            rc = security_compute_create(mycon, fcon, string_to_security_class("process"), &scon);
            if (rc == 0 && !strcmp(scon, mycon)) {
                ERROR("Warning!  Service %s needs a SELinux domain defined; please fix!\n", svc->name);
            }
            freecon(mycon);
            freecon(fcon);
            if (rc < 0) {
                ERROR("could not get context while starting '%s'\n", svc->name);
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    NOTICE("Starting service '%s'...\n", svc->name);

    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0) {
        struct socketinfo *si;
        struct svcenvinfo *ei;
        char tmp[32];
        int fd, sz;

        umask(077);
        if (properties_initialized()) {
            get_property_workspace(&fd, &sz);
            snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d,%d", dup(fd), sz);
            add_environment("ANDROID_PROPERTY_WORKSPACE", tmp);
        }

        for (ei = svc->envvars; ei; ei = ei->next)
            add_environment(ei->name, ei->value);

        for (si = svc->sockets; si; si = si->next) {
            int socket_type = (
                    !strcmp(si->type, "stream") ? SOCK_STREAM :
                        (!strcmp(si->type, "dgram") ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_SEQPACKET));
            int s = create_socket(si->name, socket_type,
                                  si->perm, si->uid, si->gid, si->socketcon ?: scon);
            if (s >= 0) {
                publish_socket(si->name, s);
            }
        }

        freecon(scon);
        scon = NULL;

        if (svc->writepid_files_) {
            std::string pid_str = android::base::StringPrintf("%d", pid);
            for (auto& file : *svc->writepid_files_) {
                if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(pid_str, file)) {
                    ERROR("couldn't write %s to %s: %s\n",
                          pid_str.c_str(), file.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                }
            }
        }

        if (svc->ioprio_class != IoSchedClass_NONE) {
            if (android_set_ioprio(getpid(), svc->ioprio_class, svc->ioprio_pri)) {
                ERROR("Failed to set pid %d ioprio = %d,%d: %s\n",
                      getpid(), svc->ioprio_class, svc->ioprio_pri, strerror(errno));
            }
        }

        if (needs_console) {
            setsid();
            open_console();
        } else {
            zap_stdio();
        }

        if (false) {
            for (size_t n = 0; svc->args[n]; n++) {
                INFO("args[%zu] = '%s'\n", n, svc->args[n]);
            }
            for (size_t n = 0; ENV[n]; n++) {
                INFO("env[%zu] = '%s'\n", n, ENV[n]);
            }
        }

        setpgid(0, getpid());

        // As requested, set our gid, supplemental gids, and uid.
        if (svc->gid) {
            if (setgid(svc->gid) != 0) {
                ERROR("setgid failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                _exit(127);
            }
        }
        if (svc->nr_supp_gids) {
            if (setgroups(svc->nr_supp_gids, svc->supp_gids) != 0) {
                ERROR("setgroups failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                _exit(127);
            }
        }
        if (svc->uid) {
            if (setuid(svc->uid) != 0) {
                ERROR("setuid failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
                _exit(127);
            }
        }
        if (svc->seclabel) {
            if (is_selinux_enabled() > 0 && setexeccon(svc->seclabel) < 0) {
                ERROR("cannot setexeccon('%s'): %s\n", svc->seclabel, strerror(errno));
                _exit(127);
            }
        }

        if (!dynamic_args) {
            if (execve(svc->args[0], (char**) svc->args, (char**) ENV) < 0) {
                ERROR("cannot execve('%s'): %s\n", svc->args[0], strerror(errno));
            }
        } else {
            char *arg_ptrs[INIT_PARSER_MAXARGS+1];
            int arg_idx = svc->nargs;
            char *tmp = strdup(dynamic_args);
            char *next = tmp;
            char *bword;

            /* Copy the static arguments */
            memcpy(arg_ptrs, svc->args, (svc->nargs * sizeof(char *)));

            while((bword = strsep(&next, " "))) {
                arg_ptrs[arg_idx++] = bword;
                if (arg_idx == INIT_PARSER_MAXARGS)
                    break;
            }
            arg_ptrs[arg_idx] = NULL;
            execve(svc->args[0], (char**) arg_ptrs, (char**) ENV);
        }
        _exit(127);
    }

    freecon(scon);

    if (pid < 0) {
        ERROR("failed to start '%s'\n", svc->name);
        svc->pid = 0;
        return;
    }

    svc->time_started = gettime();
    svc->pid = pid;
    svc->flags |= SVC_RUNNING;

    if ((svc->flags & SVC_EXEC) != 0) {
        INFO("SVC_EXEC pid %d (uid %d gid %d+%zu context %s) started; waiting...\n",
             svc->pid, svc->uid, svc->gid, svc->nr_supp_gids,
             svc->seclabel ? : "default");
        waiting_for_exec = true;
    }

    svc->NotifyStateChange("running");
}

这个函数虽然长，但总结起来无非就做了这些事情：
1.解析参数
2.fork一个进程。
3.初始化子进程，主要是根据service结构体中的信息创建一个写东西。比如，根据sockets创建socket等。
4.执行execve，也就是加载可执行文件了。

也就是说，当init.rc等rc配置脚本解析完成后，开始执行action中的命令，并通过start命令来启动service。

action的解析与命令的执行

action的解析

对比service的解析来看，action的解析应该是调用parse_action函数：

static void *parse_action(struct parse_state *state, int nargs, char **args)
{
    struct trigger *cur_trigger;
    int i;
    if (nargs < 2) {
        parse_error(state, "actions must have a trigger\n");
        return 0;
    }

    action* act = (action*) calloc(1, sizeof(*act));
    list_init(&act->triggers);

    for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++) {
        if (!(i % 2)) {
            if (strcmp(args[i], "&&")) {
                struct listnode *node;
                struct listnode *node2;
                parse_error(state, "& is the only symbol allowed to concatenate actions\n");
                list_for_each_safe(node, node2, &act->triggers) {
                    struct trigger *trigger = node_to_item(node, struct trigger, nlist);
                    free(trigger);
                }
                free(act);
                return 0;
            } else
                continue;
        }
        cur_trigger = (trigger*) calloc(1, sizeof(*cur_trigger));
        cur_trigger->name = args[i];
        list_add_tail(&act->triggers, &cur_trigger->nlist);
    }

    list_init(&act->commands);
    list_init(&act->qlist);
    list_add_tail(&action_list, &act->alist);
        /* XXX add to hash */
    return act;
}

action中命令的执行

可以看到所有的section解析都是类似的，构建一个结构体并添加到对应的链表中。
这里就不继续展开分析了。我们回到init.cpp的main函数中，看看action_list中存放的action是如何被执行的。
在解析init.rc结束后，会有如下函数：

 action_for_each_trigger("early-init", action_add_queue_tail);
 action_for_each_trigger("init", action_add_queue_tail);
 action_for_each_trigger("charger", action_add_queue_tail);
 action_for_each_trigger("late-init", action_add_queue_tail);

action_for_each_trigger函数如下：

void action_for_each_trigger(const char *trigger,
                             void (*func)(struct action *act))
{
    struct listnode *node, *node2;
    struct action *act;
    struct trigger *cur_trigger;

    list_for_each(node, &action_list) {
        act = node_to_item(node, struct action, alist);
        list_for_each(node2, &act->triggers) {
            cur_trigger = node_to_item(node2, struct trigger, nlist);
            if (!strcmp(cur_trigger->name, trigger)) {
                func(act);
            }
        }
    }
}

也就是说，这个函数的作用是遍历action_list链表，找到对应名字的触发器，然后盗用传入的func函数，也就是action_add_queue_tail函数，这个函数如下：

void action_add_queue_tail(struct action *act)
{
    if (list_empty(&act->qlist)) {
        list_add_tail(&action_queue, &act->qlist);
    }
}

再把action添加到action_queuw中。这里是不是可以理解为给action排队呢？按照action的名字（early-init,init…）把action排好顺序。这个时候还是没有执行action中的命令。
继续往下看，看到execute_one_command函数，从名字来看是执行一个命令，我们看看是怎么执行的，execute_one_command函数如下：

void execute_one_command() {
    Timer t;

    char cmd_str[256] = "";
    char name_str[256] = "";

    if (!cur_action || !cur_command || is_last_command(cur_action, cur_command)) {
        cur_action = action_remove_queue_head();
        cur_command = NULL;
        if (!cur_action) {
            return;
        }

        build_triggers_string(name_str, sizeof(name_str), cur_action);

        INFO("processing action %p (%s)\n", cur_action, name_str);
        cur_command = get_first_command(cur_action);
    } else {
        cur_command = get_next_command(cur_action, cur_command);
    }

    if (!cur_command) {
        return;
    }

    int result = cur_command->func(cur_command->nargs, cur_command->args);
    if (klog_get_level() >= KLOG_INFO_LEVEL) {
        for (int i = 0; i < cur_command->nargs; i++) {
            strlcat(cmd_str, cur_command->args[i], sizeof(cmd_str));
            if (i < cur_command->nargs - 1) {
                strlcat(cmd_str, " ", sizeof(cmd_str));
            }
        }
        char source[256];
        if (cur_command->filename) {
            snprintf(source, sizeof(source), " (%s:%d)", cur_command->filename, cur_command->line);
        } else {
            *source = '\0';
        }
        INFO("Command '%s' action=%s%s returned %d took %.2fs\n",
             cmd_str, cur_action ? name_str : "", source, result, t.duration());
    }
}

这个函数就是从aciton_queue中取出头部的action，然后执行command中的函数。那这个函数是什么呢？我们在文章一开始就说过了，每一个command都对应一个do_xxxx的函数来处理该命令。是不是这样呢？
我们需要从command的解析说起。和解析service的option一样。解析command使用的是parse_line_action函数。这里不明白的可以返回去看看service的解析过程。
parse_line_action定义在system/core/init/init_parser.cpp中，该函数如下：

static void parse_line_action(struct parse_state* state, int nargs, char **args)
{
    struct action *act = (action*) state->context;
    int kw, n;

    if (nargs == 0) {
        return;
    }

    kw = lookup_keyword(args[0]);
    if (!kw_is(kw, COMMAND)) {
        parse_error(state, "invalid command '%s'\n", args[0]);
        return;
    }

    n = kw_nargs(kw);
    if (nargs < n) {
        parse_error(state, "%s requires %d %s\n", args[0], n - 1,
            n > 2 ? "arguments" : "argument");
        return;
    }
    command* cmd = (command*) malloc(sizeof(*cmd) + sizeof(char*) * nargs);
    cmd->func = kw_func(kw);
    cmd->line = state->line;
    cmd->filename = state->filename;
    cmd->nargs = nargs;
    memcpy(cmd->args, args, sizeof(char*) * nargs);
    list_add_tail(&act->commands, &cmd->clist);
}

关键的代码只有一行cmd->func = kw_func(kw)，kw_func函数定义在相同文件下，是一个宏：

#define kw_func(kw) (keyword_info[kw].func)

这里keyword_info数组又出现了吧，这个数组也定义在system/core/init/init_parser.cpp中：

static struct {
    const char *name;
    int (*func)(int nargs, char **args);
    unsigned char nargs;
    unsigned char flags;
} keyword_info[KEYWORD_COUNT] = {
    [ K_UNKNOWN ] = { "unknown", 0, 0, 0 },
#include "keywords.h"
};

可以看到数组的初始化使用的是#include “keywords.h”。这中写法我还是第一次见到。
keywords.h：

#ifndef KEYWORD
int do_bootchart_init(int nargs, char **args);
int do_class_start(int nargs, char **args);
int do_class_stop(int nargs, char **args);
int do_class_reset(int nargs, char **args);
int do_domainname(int nargs, char **args);
int do_enable(int nargs, char **args);
int do_exec(int nargs, char **args);
int do_export(int nargs, char **args);
int do_hostname(int nargs, char **args);
int do_ifup(int nargs, char **args);
int do_insmod(int nargs, char **args);
int do_installkey(int nargs, char **args);
int do_mkdir(int nargs, char **args);
int do_mount_all(int nargs, char **args);
int do_mount(int nargs, char **args);
int do_powerctl(int nargs, char **args);
int do_restart(int nargs, char **args);
int do_restorecon(int nargs, char **args);
int do_restorecon_recursive(int nargs, char **args);
int do_rm(int nargs, char **args);
int do_rmdir(int nargs, char **args);
int do_setprop(int nargs, char **args);
int do_setrlimit(int nargs, char **args);
int do_start(int nargs, char **args);
int do_stop(int nargs, char **args);
int do_swapon_all(int nargs, char **args);
int do_trigger(int nargs, char **args);
int do_symlink(int nargs, char **args);
int do_sysclktz(int nargs, char **args);
int do_write(int nargs, char **args);
int do_copy(int nargs, char **args);
int do_chown(int nargs, char **args);
int do_chmod(int nargs, char **args);
int do_loglevel(int nargs, char **args);
int do_load_persist_props(int nargs, char **args);
int do_load_all_props(int nargs, char **args);
int do_verity_load_state(int nargs, char **args);
int do_verity_update_state(int nargs, char **args);
int do_wait(int nargs, char **args);
#define __MAKE_KEYWORD_ENUM__
#define KEYWORD(symbol, flags, nargs, func) K_##symbol,
enum {
    K_UNKNOWN,
#endif
    KEYWORD(bootchart_init,        COMMAND, 0, do_bootchart_init)
    KEYWORD(chmod,       COMMAND, 2, do_chmod)
    KEYWORD(chown,       COMMAND, 2, do_chown)
    KEYWORD(class,       OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(class_reset, COMMAND, 1, do_class_reset)
    KEYWORD(class_start, COMMAND, 1, do_class_start)
    KEYWORD(class_stop,  COMMAND, 1, do_class_stop)
    KEYWORD(console,     OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(copy,        COMMAND, 2, do_copy)
    KEYWORD(critical,    OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(disabled,    OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(domainname,  COMMAND, 1, do_domainname)
    KEYWORD(enable,      COMMAND, 1, do_enable)
    KEYWORD(exec,        COMMAND, 1, do_exec)
    KEYWORD(export,      COMMAND, 2, do_export)
    KEYWORD(group,       OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(hostname,    COMMAND, 1, do_hostname)
    KEYWORD(ifup,        COMMAND, 1, do_ifup)
    KEYWORD(import,      SECTION, 1, 0)
    KEYWORD(insmod,      COMMAND, 1, do_insmod)
    KEYWORD(installkey,  COMMAND, 1, do_installkey)
    KEYWORD(ioprio,      OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(keycodes,    OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(load_all_props,        COMMAND, 0, do_load_all_props)
    KEYWORD(load_persist_props,    COMMAND, 0, do_load_persist_props)
    KEYWORD(loglevel,    COMMAND, 1, do_loglevel)
    KEYWORD(mkdir,       COMMAND, 1, do_mkdir)
    KEYWORD(mount_all,   COMMAND, 1, do_mount_all)
    KEYWORD(mount,       COMMAND, 3, do_mount)
    KEYWORD(oneshot,     OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(onrestart,   OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(on,          SECTION, 0, 0)
    KEYWORD(powerctl,    COMMAND, 1, do_powerctl)
    KEYWORD(restart,     COMMAND, 1, do_restart)
    KEYWORD(restorecon,  COMMAND, 1, do_restorecon)
    KEYWORD(restorecon_recursive,  COMMAND, 1, do_restorecon_recursive)
    KEYWORD(rm,          COMMAND, 1, do_rm)
    KEYWORD(rmdir,       COMMAND, 1, do_rmdir)
    KEYWORD(seclabel,    OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(service,     SECTION, 0, 0)
    KEYWORD(setenv,      OPTION,  2, 0)
    KEYWORD(setprop,     COMMAND, 2, do_setprop)
    KEYWORD(setrlimit,   COMMAND, 3, do_setrlimit)
    KEYWORD(socket,      OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(start,       COMMAND, 1, do_start)
    KEYWORD(stop,        COMMAND, 1, do_stop)
    KEYWORD(swapon_all,  COMMAND, 1, do_swapon_all)
    KEYWORD(symlink,     COMMAND, 1, do_symlink)
    KEYWORD(sysclktz,    COMMAND, 1, do_sysclktz)
    KEYWORD(trigger,     COMMAND, 1, do_trigger)
    KEYWORD(user,        OPTION,  0, 0)
    KEYWORD(verity_load_state,      COMMAND, 0, do_verity_load_state)
    KEYWORD(verity_update_state,    COMMAND, 0, do_verity_update_state)
    KEYWORD(wait,        COMMAND, 1, do_wait)
    KEYWORD(write,       COMMAND, 2, do_write)
    KEYWORD(writepid,    OPTION,  0, 0)
#ifdef __MAKE_KEYWORD_ENUM__
    KEYWORD_COUNT,
};
#undef __MAKE_KEYWORD_ENUM__
#undef KEYWORD
#endif

这其中定义了所有的init.rc中需要的关键字。从中可以知道哪些是命令，哪些是option,哪些是sercion。此外，也验证我们说的命令（command）都对应这一个do_xxxx的函数，执行这些命令其实就是执行这些函数。