Docker的基础命令

Doker的基础命令：

docker

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[root@localhost ~]# docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND A self-sufficient runtime for containers Options: --config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker") -D, --debug Enable debug mode -H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to -l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info") --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem") --tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem") --tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem") --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote -v, --version Print version information and quit Management Commands: #管理命令 builder Manage builds config Manage Docker configs #管理配置 container Manage containers #管理容器 engine Manage the docker engine # 管理引擎 image Manage images #管理插件 network Manage networks node Manage Swarm nodes #管理节点 plugin Manage plugins secret Manage Docker secrets service Manage services stack Manage Docker stacks swarm Manage Swarm system Manage Docker trust Manage trust on Docker images volume Manage volumes ## docker 兼容了新旧的使用格式 建议使用分组管理. Commands: attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container build Build an image from a Dockerfile commit Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem events Get real time events from the server exec Run a command in a running container export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

查看版本

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[root@localhost ~]# docker version Client: #客户端 Version: 18.09.4 #docker版本 API version: 1.39 #Docker接口版本 Go version: go1.10.8 # Docker Go版本 Git commit: d14af54266 Built: Wed Mar 27 18:34:51 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 # 系统 Experimental: false # 是否为企业版 Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.4 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: d14af54 Built: Wed Mar 27 18:04:46 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

详细信息

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[root@localhost ~]# docker info Containers: 0 #容器个数 Running: 0 # 运行 Paused: 0 # 暂停 Stopped: 0 # 停止 Images: 0 # 镜像 Server Version: 18.09.4 #服务器版本 Storage Driver: overlay2 #存储驱动后端 很重要 分层构建和联合挂载 需要专门的文件驱动在之前可能是使用的DM 性能奇差 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: # 插件 Volume: local #卷 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay # 网络插件 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog #日志插件 Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84 runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30 init version: fec3683 Security Options: #安全选项 seccomp Profile: default #默认选项 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.10.1.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 3.683GiB Name: localhost.localdomain ID: BUTI:XQW2:K5UQ:SNVB:EC67:GBOV:LHZD:FI2G:UFL2:TU4H:FSCN:PQAU Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode (client): false Debug Mode (server): false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: https://registry.docker-cn.com/ #加速镜像配置 Live Restore Enabled: false Product License: Community Engine

Docker Search

搜索 Docker hub 中的 nginx 镜像

1	docker search nginx

Docker pull

多个层级每一层分别下载

docker images

last表示时最新的

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[root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 2bcb04bdb83f 9 days ago 109MB [root@localhost docker]# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 2bcb04bdb83f 9 days ago 109MB

docker 卸载镜像

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[root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox latest af2f74c517aa 2 days ago 1.2MB nginx latest 2bcb04bdb83f 9 days ago 109MB [root@localhost docker]# docker image rm busybox #第一种命令 Untagged: busybox:latest Untagged: busybox@sha256:f79f7a10302c402c052973e3fa42be0344ae6453245669783a9e16da3d56d5b4 Deleted: sha256:af2f74c517aac1d26793a6ed05ff45b299a037e1a9eefeae5eacda133e70a825 Deleted: sha256:0b97b1c81a3200e9eeb87f17a5d25a50791a16fa08fc41eb94ad15f26516ccea [root@localhost docker]# docker rmi nginx #第二种命令 Untagged: nginx:latest Untagged: nginx@sha256:dabecc7dece2fff98fb00add2f0b525b7cd4a2cacddcc27ea4a15a7922ea47ea Deleted: sha256:2bcb04bdb83f7c5dc30f0edaca1609a716bda1c7d2244d4f5fbbdfef33da366c Deleted: sha256:dfce9ec5eeabad339cf90fce93b20f179926d5819359141e49e0006a52c066ca Deleted: sha256:166d13b0f0cb542034a2aef1c034ee2271e1d6aaee4490f749e72d1c04449c5b Deleted: sha256:5dacd731af1b0386ead06c8b1feff9f65d9e0bdfec032d2cd0bc03690698feda [root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@localhost docker]#

Docker 创建一个容器

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[root@localhost docker]# docker container Usage: docker container COMMAND Manage containers Commands: attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container commit Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem exec Run a command in a running container export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers kill Kill one or more running containers logs Fetch the logs of a container ls List containers pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container prune Remove all stopped containers rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers run Run a command in a new container start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

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#启动一个nginx容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker run --name nginx-docker1 -d nginx #-d为后台运行 aaed74bf582677ed39f186a3967f4a4efb11836a164b78f1d0b157fb2f26dcaa [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx-docker1 #查看docker绑定地址 为172.17.0.2

Redis

即使本地没有Redis的镜像我们依然可以安装。

1	docker run --name Redis -d redis:4-alpine

进入终端

1	docker exec -it kvsotre /bin/sh #进入容器中

查看日志

1	docker logs kvstore #产看kvstore的日志

常用命令

镜像生成途径

基于容器

1.创建一个busybox的容器

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[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name b1 -it busybox / # mkdir -p /data/html / # vi /data/html/index.html Busybox httpd Server

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[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -h Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] Create a new image from a container's changes Options: -a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith ") -c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image -m, --message string Commit message -p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true) #暂停镜像文件

为了引用方便我们可以给镜像打上标签.

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[root@localhost ~]# docker tag --help Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG] Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

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docker inspect busybox "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"sh\"]" ],

docker运行镜像生成了原先保存的镜像文件。

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[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -h Flag shorthand -h has been deprecated, please use --help Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] Create a new image from a container's changes Options: -a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith ") # 附加作者信息 -c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image #修改原有基础镜像的命令 -m, --message string Commit message # 提交信息 -p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true) # 暂停容器

1	docker commit -a "bigdataxiaohan <[email protected]>" -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data/html"]' -p t1 hphblog/httpd:v0.2

启动基于v0.2版本的服务

dcoker服务可以直接访问。

由于将docker镜像推导Docker hub 需要相同的组织类名 而我在DockerHub 上创建的仓库为bigdataxiaohan/httpd 我们把镜像更改以下名称

1	docker tag hphblog/httpd:v0.2 bigdataxiaohan/httd:v0.2

然后登录

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[root@localhost ~]# docker login --help Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER] Log in to a Docker registry Options: -p, --password string Password --password-stdin Take the password from stdin -u, --username string Username

网络不是很好建议多尝试几次。

1	docker tag hphblog/httpd:v0.2 bigdataxiaohan/httpd:v0.2

(⊙﹏⊙) 还是放弃吧 我们可以使用腾讯云的Docker镜像仓库

哎呀妈呀QAQ 终于push成功了

Docker 打包

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[root@localhost ~]# docker save --help Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) Options: -o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT

Dokcer加载

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[root@localhost ~]# docker load --help Usage: docker load [OPTIONS] Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN Options: -i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN -q, --quiet Suppress the load output

1	docker load -i myimages.gz