一：初解
permission，用来描述拥有做某件事的权利。
Android系统中权限分为：
普通级别（Normal）
ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDSACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
危险级别(dangerous)
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
签名级别(signature)
系统/签名级别(signature or system)
二：Android 6.0权限机制
新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。
三：DEMO
/**
*下面练习动态权限申请
*/
public voidcall(View v) {
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if(ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {
Toast.makeText(this,"需要拨打权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
//如果没有授权，则去申请
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,newString[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE);
}else{
callPhone();
}
}
private voidcallPhone() {
Intent intent =newIntent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:"+"10086");
intent.setData(data);
startActivity(intent);
}
@Override
public voidonRequestPermissionsResult(intrequestCode, String[] permissions,int[] grantResults) {
if(requestCode ==MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE) {
if(grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
callPhone();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this,"需要拨打权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}