Struts2 Action的单元测试

  对Struts2进行单元测试,以struts 2.2.1.1为例 ,可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase,分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。

 

1.StrutsTestCase

   首先准备一个纯struts2工程,建立工程过程略,但有如下的类:

   Account.java,是bean

   package model; public class Account { private String userName; private String password; public Account() { } public Account(String userName, String password) { this.userName = userName; this.password = password; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }

   AccountAction.java

   package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import model.Account; import java.util.logging.Logger; public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{ private Account accountBean; public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; } public void validate(){ if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long."); } if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long."); } } public Account getAccountBean() { return accountBean; } public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) { this.accountBean = accountBean; } }

   测试类:

  TestAccountAction.java

   package ut; import action.AccountAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase; import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*; public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase { private AccountAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; private void init() { proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url,可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写 action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction(); } public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception { request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present", action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1); assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been", action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName")); } public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{ request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test"); init(); String result=proxy.execute(); assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present", action.getFieldErrors().size()==0); assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.", "success", result); } }  

   测试逻辑比较简单,action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5--9之间。

   定义struts.xml,放在类路径的根目录下,而非web-inf/classes下,否则会找不到,不会加载你定义的内容。

   /index.jsp /createaccount.jsp

   至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面,不必真实存在,保持不为空就行,否则,action测试的时候,会说result未定义之类的错误,因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行,一切OK。

   正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行,所以拦截器也会正常被触发,下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下:

   MyInterceptor.java

   package interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{ public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("before processing"); String rst= actionInvocation.invoke(); System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod()); return rst; } }

  

   修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义:

  
       
           
       

       
            /index.jsp
            /createaccount.jsp
           
           
       

   

   运行,控制台会输出:

   before processing

   bye bye execute

 

    使用的jar包如下图:

  

   都是struts发行包提供的,其它不相关的jar不要加,尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件,更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,加了会加载相关的东西,但这里却提供不了,导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的,但加了也无所谓,在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外,web.xml不需要配置,根本不会去这里找配置信息。

  

2.StrutsSpringTestCase

  这个和前面的过程类似,需要的类分别如下。

  MathAction.java

  package action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import service.MathService; public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{ private MathService service; public String execute() throws Exception { ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2)); return SUCCESS; } public MathService getService() { return service; } public void setService(MathService service) { this.service = service; } }

  MathService.java

  package service; public class MathService { public int add(int a,int b){ return a+b; } }

  测试类TestMathAction,测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。

  import action.MathAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase; public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{ private MathAction action; private ActionProxy proxy; protected String getContextLocations() { return "spring/applicationContext.xml"; } private void init(){ proxy=getActionProxy("/add"); action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction(); } public void testAdd() throws Exception{ init(); proxy.execute(); assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3); } }

 

  这里有一个小trick,默认情况下,applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下,但如果项目需要不放在那里,就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path,开头可以有也可以没有“/”,这里我放在包spring下,所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml,至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了,想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上,加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了,对了,两种测试都需要jsp-api.jarservlet-api.jar,去tomcat里copy一份即可,junit.jar也是需要的(废话?!)

 

   参考:https://cwiki.apache.org/WW/struts-2-junit-plugin-tutorial.html

  

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