FastAPI 基础学习(十四) Response模型

作者:麦克煎蛋   出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/mazhiyong/ 转载请保留这段声明,谢谢!

 

一、Response模型

在路径操作中,我们可以用参数response_model来声明Response模型。

from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None
    tags: List[str] = []


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item):
    return item

注意response_model是装饰器方法(get,post等)的参数。

 

Response模型可以是一个Pydantic模型,也可以是一个Pydantic模型的列表,例如List[Item]。

支持任意路径操作:

@app.get()
@app.post()
@app.put()
@app.delete()

 

FastAPI利用Response模型实现以下功能:

1、将输出数据转换成声明的Response模型。

2、对数据进行校验

3、生成自动化文档

4、(最重要的)限制输出数据只能是所声明的Response模型。

二、输入输出模型示例

# 可能需要安装email-validator  -->  pip install email-validator 

from
fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr app = FastAPI() class UserIn(BaseModel): username: str password: str email: EmailStr full_name: str = None class UserOut(BaseModel): username: str email: EmailStr full_name: str = None @app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut) async def create_user(*, user: UserIn): return user

如上所示,虽然路径操作函数返回的结果是user(包含了password),但我们声明的Response模型是UserOut(不包含password)。

FastAPI会过滤掉所有不在输出模型中的数据,因此最终的输出结果里并没有password。

如果输入内容如下:

{
    "username": "user",
    "password": "1234",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "full_name": "full_name"
}

那么输出结果为:

{
    "username": "user",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "full_name": "full_name"
}

三、Response模型参数

1、Response模型可以有缺省值。

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: List[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude_unset=True)
async def read_item(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]

2、返回实际有效数据

有时候我们只想返回被真正设置过的数据,而忽略其他未被设置过的或者缺省数据。

我们可以用参数response_model_exclude_unset来实现这个目的。如上所示代码。

# 访问:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo

# 返回结果:
{
    "name": "Foo", "price": 50.2 }

3、参数 response_model_includeresponse_model_exclude

这两个参数接收Response模型的部分属性集合,分别表示包含(排除剩下的)和排除(包含剩下的)集合里的属性。

在实际工作中,我们应该尽量少利用这两个参数,而是应该声明不同的类表示不同的数据需求,这样更利于数据维护和逻辑清晰。

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",
        "description": "There goes my baz",
        "price": 50.2,
        "tax": 10.5,
    },
}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/name", response_model=Item, response_model_include={"name", "description"})
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]

四、Response联合模型

我们可以声明Response模型是一个Union类型(包含两种类型),实际返回结果可以是Union其中任何一个。

from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class BaseItem(BaseModel):
    description: str
    type: str


class CarItem(BaseItem):
    type = "car"


class PlaneItem(BaseItem):
    type = "plane"
    size: int


items = {
    "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"},
    "item2": {
        "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane",
        "type": "plane",
        "size": 5,
    },
}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[PlaneItem, CarItem])
async def read_item(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]

这里PlaneItem、CarItem均从BaseItem继承而来,提高代码复用,也便于代码维护。

五、Response列表模型

Response模型也可以是一个列表。

from typing import List
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str


items = [
    {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
    {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
]


@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item])
async def read_items():
    return items

六、Response字典模型

我们也可以不用Pydantic模型,而是直接基于字典来声明Response模型。

from typing import Dict
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/keyword-weights/", response_model=Dict[str, float])
async def read_keyword_weights():
    return {"foo": 2.3, "bar": 3.4}

 

你可能感兴趣的:(FastAPI 基础学习(十四) Response模型)