黑马《linux基础编程》学习笔记（从16到20）
十六. find常用参数
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# tree test
test
|-- son2
| |-- a
| | |-- bye.txt
| | `-- hello.txt
| `-- son
| `-- hello.txt
|-- son3
| `-- hello.txt
`-- target
4 directories, 5 files
//文件名查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -name "bye.txt"
test/son2/a/bye.txt
//文件类型查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -type d
test/
test/son3
test/son2
test/son2/a
test/son2/son
//文件大小查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -size +1k
test/
test/son3
test/son2
test/son2/a
test/son2/son
//文件创建日期查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -ctime -10
test/
test/target
test/son3
test/son3/hello.txt
test/son2
test/son2/a
test/son2/a/bye.txt
test/son2/a/hello.txt
test/son2/son
test/son2/son/hello.txt
//文件访问日期查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -atime -1
//文件修改日期查找
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -mtime -1
//搜索n层以下的目录
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -maxdepth 2
test/
test/target
test/son3
test/son3/hello.txt
test/son2
test/son2/a
test/son2/son
//搜索n层以上的目录
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# find test/ -mindepth 1
test/target
test/son3
test/son3/hello.txt
test/son2
test/son2/a
test/son2/a/bye.txt
test/son2/a/hello.txt
test/son2/son
test/son2/son/hello.txt
十七. find高级用法
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# cd ./test/
[root@VM_0_15_centos test]# find ./ -type d -exec ls -l {} \;
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:40 son2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:20 son3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:18 target
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:20 hello.txt
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:39 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:21 son
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:17 bye.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:22 hello.txt
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:21 hello.txt
//-ok比-exec更安全
[root@VM_0_15_centos test]# find ./ -type d -ok ls -l {} \;
< ls ... ./ > ?
< ls ... ./son3 > ?
< ls ... ./son2 > ?
< ls ... ./son2/a > ?
< ls ... ./son2/son > ?
[root@VM_0_15_centos test]#
[root@VM_0_15_centos test]# find ./ -type d -ok ls -l {} \;
< ls ... ./ > ? y
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:40 son2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:20 son3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:18 target
< ls ... ./son3 > ? y
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:20 hello.txt
< ls ... ./son2 > ? y
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:39 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:21 son
< ls ... ./son2/a > ? y
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:17 bye.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:22 hello.txt
< ls ... ./son2/son > ? y
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:21 hello.txt
//或者，这里用“管道”是更有效率的。
//管道可以简单的理解为一个“缓存区”
[root@VM_0_15_centos test]# find ./ -type d | xargs ls -l
./:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:40 son2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:20 son3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:18 target
./son2:
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:39 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 27 05:21 son
./son2/a:
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:17 bye.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:22 hello.txt
./son2/son:
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:21 hello.txt
./son3:
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 27 05:20 hello.txt
十八. grep搜索文件内容
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# grep -r "answer" ./test/
./test/son2/a/bye.txt:answer
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# grep -r "hello" ./
^C
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# grep -r "answer" ./test/ ~-n
./test/son2/a/bye.txt:answer
grep: ~-n: No such file or directory
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# grep -r "answer" ./test/ -n
./test/son2/a/bye.txt:1:answer
十九. tar的压缩和解压缩
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# tar zcvf test_tar.tar.gz a1.txt a2.txt test
a1.txt
a2.txt
test/
test/target
test/son3/
test/son3/hello.txt
test/son2/
test/son2/a/
test/son2/a/bye.txt
test/son2/a/hello.txt
test/son2/son/
test/son2/son/hello.txt
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt a.txt file.c mycal Pointer tom
a2.txt cjz hello.txt myhome.tar.gz test virtualenvs
apple.txt c.txt hello.zip orange.txt TestDjango zf
a.tar.gz date.txt LinkToRoot poem test_tar.tar.gz zsf
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# tar zxvf test_tar.tar.gz -C ./cjz
a1.txt
a2.txt
test/
test/target
test/son3/
test/son3/hello.txt
test/son2/
test/son2/a/
test/son2/a/bye.txt
test/son2/a/hello.txt
test/son2/son/
test/son2/son/hello.txt
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt a.txt file.c mycal Pointer tom
a2.txt cjz hello.txt myhome.tar.gz test virtualenvs
apple.txt c.txt hello.zip orange.txt TestDjango zf
a.tar.gz date.txt LinkToRoot poem test_tar.tar.gz zsf
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# cd cjz
[root@VM_0_15_centos cjz]# ls
a1.txt a2.txt test
[root@VM_0_15_centos cjz]#
二十. rar的压缩和解压缩
//首先，rar是没有安装的，我们接下来先安装一下
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# rar
-bash: rar: command not found
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# wget http://www.rarsoft.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz
--2018-10-28 19:20:34-- http://www.rarsoft.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz
Resolving www.rarsoft.com (www.rarsoft.com)... 5.135.104.108
Connecting to www.rarsoft.com (www.rarsoft.com)|5.135.104.108|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz [following]
--2018-10-28 19:20:38-- http://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz
Resolving www.rarlab.com (www.rarlab.com)... 5.135.104.98
Connecting to www.rarlab.com (www.rarlab.com)|5.135.104.98|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz [following]
--2018-10-28 19:20:40-- https://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz
Connecting to www.rarlab.com (www.rarlab.com)|5.135.104.98|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 531782 (519K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz’
100%[======================================>] 531,782 10.7KB/s in 47s
2018-10-28 19:21:29 (11.0 KB/s) - ‘rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz’ saved [531782/531782]
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt cjz hello.zip poem test_tar.tar.gz
a2.txt c.txt LinkToRoot Pointer tom
apple.txt date.txt mycal rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz virtualenvs
a.tar.gz file.c myhome.tar.gz test zf
a.txt hello.txt orange.txt TestDjango zsf
//用tar解压rar的安装包
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# tar zxvf rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz
rar/
rar/rar.txt
rar/license.txt
rar/readme.txt
rar/order.htm
rar/whatsnew.txt
rar/acknow.txt
rar/rar
rar/unrar
rar/makefile
rar/default.sfx
rar/rarfiles.lst
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt c.txt mycal rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz zf
a2.txt date.txt myhome.tar.gz test zsf
apple.txt file.c orange.txt TestDjango
a.tar.gz hello.txt poem test_tar.tar.gz
a.txt hello.zip Pointer tom
cjz LinkToRoot rar virtualenvs
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# cd rar
[root@VM_0_15_centos rar]# ls
acknow.txt license.txt order.htm rarfiles.lst readme.txt whatsnew.txt
default.sfx makefile rar rar.txt unrar
[root@VM_0_15_centos rar]# make
mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
mkdir -p /usr/local/lib
cp rar unrar /usr/local/bin
cp rarfiles.lst /etc
cp default.sfx /usr/local/lib
//rar安装完成
[root@VM_0_15_centos rar]# cd ..
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt c.txt mycal rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz zf
a2.txt date.txt myhome.tar.gz test zsf
apple.txt file.c orange.txt TestDjango
a.tar.gz hello.txt poem test_tar.tar.gz
a.txt hello.zip Pointer tom
cjz LinkToRoot rar virtualenvs
//用rar压缩一个包
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# rar a test_rar a1.txt s2.txt cjz
RAR 5.40 Copyright (c) 1993-2016 Alexander Roshal 15 Aug 2016
Trial version Type RAR -? for help
Evaluation copy. Please register.
Cannot open s2.txt
No such file or directory
Creating archive test_rar.rar
Adding a1.txt OK
Adding cjz/.bash_history OK
Adding cjz/.cache/abrt/lastnotification OK
Adding cjz/.bash_profile OK
Adding cjz/a2.txt OK
Adding cjz/test/target OK
Adding cjz/test/son3/hello.txt OK
Adding cjz/test/son2/a/bye.txt OK
Adding cjz/test/son2/a/hello.txt OK
Adding cjz/test/son2/son/hello.txt OK
Adding cjz/.bashrc OK
Adding cjz/a1.txt OK
Adding cjz/.bash_logout OK
Adding cjz/test/son2/a OK
Adding cjz/test/son2/son OK
Adding cjz/.config/abrt OK
Adding cjz/.cache/abrt OK
Adding cjz/test/son3 OK
Adding cjz/test/son2 OK
Adding cjz/.config OK
Adding cjz/.cache OK
Adding cjz/test OK
Adding cjz 1%
Done
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
a1.txt c.txt mycal rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz virtualenvs
a2.txt date.txt myhome.tar.gz test zf
apple.txt file.c orange.txt TestDjango zsf
a.tar.gz hello.txt poem test_rar.rar
a.txt hello.zip Pointer test_tar.tar.gz
cjz LinkToRoot rar tom
//现在来解压它
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# ls
] cjz LinkToRoot rar tom
a1.txt c.txt mycal rarlinux-x64-5.4.0.tar.gz virtualenvs
a2.txt date.txt myhome.tar.gz test zf
apple.txt file.c orange.txt TestDjango zsf
a.tar.gz hello.txt poem test_rar.rar
a.txt hello.zip Pointer test_tar.tar.gz
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]# rar x test_rar.rar
RAR 5.40 Copyright (c) 1993-2016 Alexander Roshal 15 Aug 2016
Trial version Type RAR -? for help
Extracting from test_rar.rar
Would you like to replace the existing file a1.txt
0 bytes, modified on 2018-09-02 03:07
with a new one
0 bytes, modified on 2018-09-02 03:07
[Y]es, [N]o, [A]ll, n[E]ver, [R]ename, [Q]uit A
Extracting a1.txt OK
Extracting cjz/.bash_history OK
Extracting cjz/.cache/abrt/lastnotification OK
Extracting cjz/.bash_profile OK
Extracting cjz/a2.txt OK
Extracting cjz/test/target OK
Extracting cjz/test/son3/hello.txt OK
Extracting cjz/test/son2/a/bye.txt OK
Extracting cjz/test/son2/a/hello.txt OK
Extracting cjz/test/son2/son/hello.txt OK
Extracting cjz/.bashrc OK
Extracting cjz/a1.txt OK
Extracting cjz/.bash_logout OK
All OK
[root@VM_0_15_centos home]#