当你在终端环境下安装新的软件时,你可以经常看到信息对话框弹出,需要你的输入,比如:RHEL/CentOS自带的setup,对话框的类型有密码箱、检查表、菜单等等。他们可以引导你以一种直观的方式输入必要的信息,使用这样的用户友好的对话框的好处是显而易见的。如下图所示:
当你写一个交互式shell脚本,你可以使用这样的对话框来接受用户的输入。whiptail可以在shell脚本中创建基于终端的对话框,消息框的过程,类似于Zenity或xdialog GUI脚本代码。whiptail预先安装在所有的Linux发布版本中。
创建一个消息框
一个消息框中显示一个确认按钮继续任意的文本消息。
语法:
whiptail --title "" --msgbox " "
实例:
#!/bin/bash whiptail --title "Test Message Box" --msgbox "Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue." 10 60
创建一个yes/no对话框
用户输入yes或no的对话框。
语法:
whiptail --title "
实例:
#!/bin/bash if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yesno "Choose between Yes and No." 10 60) then echo "You chose Yes. Exit status was $?." else echo "You chose No. Exit status was $?." fi
或者,你可以是“--yes-button” ,"--no-button"选项。
#!/bin/bash if (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yes-button "Skittles" --no-button "M&M's" --yesno "Which do you like better?" 10 60) then echo "You chose Skittles Exit status was $?." else echo "You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?." fi
创建一个表单输入框
如果你想用户输入任意的文本,您可以使用一个输入框。
语法:
whiptail --title "" --inputbox ""
实例:
#!/bin/bash PET=$(whiptail --title "Test Free-form Input Box" --inputbox "What is your pet's name?" 10 60 Wigglebutt 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your pet name is:" $PET else echo "You chose Cancel." fi
创建一个密码框
当用户需要输入敏感信息时密码框是有用的。
语法:
whiptail --title "" --passwordbox " "
实例:
#!/bin/bash PASSWORD=$(whiptail --title "Test Password Box" --passwordbox "Enter your password and choose Ok to continue." 10 60 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your password is:" $PASSWORD else echo "You chose Cancel." fi
创建一个菜单栏
当你想让用户选择一个任意数量的选择中,你可以使用菜单框。
语法:
whiptail --title "
实例:
#!/bin/bash OPTION=$(whiptail --title "Test Menu Dialog" --menu "Choose your option" 15 60 4 \ "1" "Grilled Spicy Sausage" \ "2" "Grilled Halloumi Cheese" \ "3" "Charcoaled Chicken Wings" \ "4" "Fried Aubergine" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your chosen option:" $OPTION else echo "You chose Cancel." fi
创建radiolist对话框
语法:
whiptail --title "" --radiolist " " [
] . . .
实例:
#!/bin/bash DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --radiolist \ "What is the Linux distro of your choice?" 15 60 4 \ "debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \ "ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \ "centos" "Stable CentOS" OFF \ "mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "The chosen distro is:" $DISTROS else echo "You chose Cancel." fi
创建一个表对话框
当你想让用户选择一个列表中选择多个选项的清单对话框是有用的,radiolist对话框,只允许选择一个。
语法:
whiptail --title "" --checklist " " [
] . . .
实例:
#!/bin/bash DISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --checklist \ "Choose preferred Linux distros" 15 60 4 \ "debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \ "ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \ "centos" "Stable CentOS" ON \ "mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$? if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your favorite distros are:" $DISTROS else echo "You chose Cancel." fi
创建一个进度条
进度条是一个用户友好的对话框。whiptail从标准输入读取一个百分数(0~100),显示一个表内相应的计数。
语法:
whiptail --gauge ""
实例:
#!/bin/bash { for ((i = 0 ; i <= 100 ; i+=20)); do sleep 1 echo $i done } | whiptail --gauge "Please wait while installing" 6 60 0
本文转载自:https://www.linuxprobe.com/create-interactive-shell-script.html