查到一个可以提供区域天气预报的url,说明文档在https://www.sojson.com/blog/234.html,
https://www.sojson.com/open/api/weather/json.shtml?city=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD 打算用python从上面获取预报信息,打印下来 代码如下:
'''
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'''
import urllib.request
import time
import ssl
import json
# #weather = "https://www.baidu.com"
time.sleep(3) #此处等待3秒主要是对应网页提示,三秒内只能访问一次
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
url = r"https://www.sojson.com/open/api/weather/json.shtml?city=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD"#一个提供区域天气预报的url
page = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
# # ssl._create_default_https_context=ssl._create_unverified_context
html = page.read().decode("utf-8")
'''
json.dumps()和json.loads()是json格式处理函数(可以这么理解,json是字符串)
(1)json.dumps()函数是将一个Python数据类型列表进行json格式的编码(可以这么理解,json.dumps()函数是将字典转化为字符串)
(2)json.loads()函数是将json格式数据转换为字典(可以这么理解,json.loads()函数是将字符串转化为字典)
'''
res = json.loads(html)
a = json.dumps(res, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4) #将读取到的内容格式化,这样就可以看到有缩进、换行的内容
# print(a)
fp = open(r"C:\Users\xxx\Documents\weather.txt", "w",encoding='UTF-8') #将读取内容保存到文件
fp.write(a) #写入数据
fp.close() #关闭文件
res = json.loads(a) #将json转化为dict
# print(res)
'''
通过查看抓到的代码,发现dict中嵌套了dict,所以需要把对应的dict取出来
同样,forecast中,在list里嵌套了dict,需要仔细查看并设置中间变量
'''
today = res['data']
yesterday = today['yesterday']
forcast = today['forecast']
tomorrow = forcast[0] #注意看res文件内容,forecast其实是一个list,其元素才是dict
print("\n\n")
print("===============今日天气===============")
print("日期: ",res['date'])
print("城市: ",res['city'])
print("温度: ",today['wendu'])
print("湿度: ",today['shidu'])
print("PM2.5: ",today['pm25'])
print("空气质量: ",today['quality'])
print("\n\n")
print("===============昨日天气===============")
print("日期: ",yesterday['date'])
print("城市: ",res['city'])
print("最高温度: ",yesterday['high'])
print("最低温度: ",yesterday['low'])
print("天气状况: ",yesterday['type'])
# print("PM2.5: ",today['pm25'])
# print("空气质量: ",today['quality'])
print("\n\n")
print("===============明日预报===============")
print("日期: ",tomorrow['date'])
print("城市: ",res['city'])
print("最高温度: ",tomorrow['high'])
print("最低温度: ",tomorrow['low'])
print("天气状况: ",tomorrow['type'])
print("温馨提醒: ",tomorrow['notice'])
# print("PM2.5: ",today['pm25'])
# print("空气质量: ",today['quality'])
'''
下面是文件中的全部内容,主要是分清楚dict和list的层次,设置好中间变量,取出对应元素
{
"date": "20180426",
"message": "Success !",
"status": 200,
"city": "成都",
"count": 627,
"data": {
"shidu": "77%",
"pm25": 19.0,
"pm10": 40.0,
"quality": "优",
"wendu": "17",
"ganmao": "各类人群可自由活动",
"yesterday": {
"date": "25日星期三",
"sunrise": "06:28",
"high": "高温 22.0℃",
"low": "低温 14.0℃",
"sunset": "19:37",
"aqi": 34.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "阴",
"notice": "不要被阴云遮挡住好心情"
},
"forecast": [
{
"date": "26日星期四",
"sunrise": "06:27",
"high": "高温 25.0℃",
"low": "低温 15.0℃",
"sunset": "19:38",
"aqi": 51.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "多云",
"notice": "阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"
},
{
"date": "27日星期五",
"sunrise": "06:26",
"high": "高温 27.0℃",
"low": "低温 16.0℃",
"sunset": "19:39",
"aqi": 79.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "多云",
"notice": "阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"
},
{
"date": "28日星期六",
"sunrise": "06:25",
"high": "高温 26.0℃",
"low": "低温 17.0℃",
"sunset": "19:39",
"aqi": 79.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "多云",
"notice": "阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"
},
{
"date": "29日星期日",
"sunrise": "06:24",
"high": "高温 27.0℃",
"low": "低温 18.0℃",
"sunset": "19:40",
"aqi": 71.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "多云",
"notice": "阴晴之间,谨防紫外线侵扰"
},
{
"date": "30日星期一",
"sunrise": "06:23",
"high": "高温 25.0℃",
"low": "低温 17.0℃",
"sunset": "19:41",
"aqi": 66.0,
"fx": "无持续风向",
"fl": "<3级",
"type": "小雨",
"notice": "雨虽小,注意保暖别感冒"
}
]
}
}
'''
主要思路是:
1,先从url获取信息;
2,将信息格式化,转换为dict;
3,从dict中取出对应的项
注意网络连接,目标网址会识别同一IP的访问频率,三秒以内只允许一次
关键步骤是,从url获取信息后,得到的内容是没有换行和缩进的,即非格式化数据,所以需要使用json.dumps和json.loads将数据格式化
备注:
json.dumps()和json.loads()是json格式处理函数(可以这么理解,json是字符串)
(1)json.dumps()函数是将一个Python数据类型列表进行json格式的编码(可以这么理解,json.dumps()函数是将字典转化为字符串
(2)json.loads()函数是将json格式数据转换为字典(可以这么理解,json.loads()函数是将字符串转化为字典)