随机函数

The arc4random() function uses the key stream generator employed by the arc4 cipher, which uses 8*8 8
bit S-Boxes.  The S-Boxes can be in about (2**1700) states.  The arc4random() function returns pseudo-random pseudorandom
random numbers in the range of 0 to (2**32)-1, and therefore has twice the range of rand(3) and
random(3).

arc4random_buf() function fills the region buf of length nbytes with ARC4-derived random data.

arc4random_uniform() will return a uniformly distributed random number less than upper_bound.
arc4random_uniform() is recommended over constructions like     arc4random() % upper_bound'' as it avoids
"modulo bias" when the upper bound is not a power of two.

The arc4random_stir() function reads data from /dev/urandom and uses it to permute the S-Boxes via
arc4random_addrandom().

There is no need to call arc4random_stir() before using arc4random() functions family, since they auto-matically automatically
matically initialize themselves.

翻译: 具体翻译自己Google去,这里只说部分

Objective－C 中有个arc4random（函数用来生成随机数且不需要种子但是这个
函数生成的随机数范围比较大，需要用取模的算法对随机值进行限制，有点麻烦。  
其实Objective－C有个更方便的随机数函数arc4random_uniform（x），
可以用来产生0～(x-1)范围内的随机数，不需要再进行取模运算。
如果要生成1～x的随机数，可以这么写：arc4random_uniform（x）＋1

本文参考链接:

https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man3/arc4random_uniform.3.html