跟高手学习LINUX笔记-29 --MYSQL5.7安装部署

跟高手学习LINUX笔记-29
--MYSQL5.7安装部署
第八章 MYSQL5.7安装部署
本节所讲内容：
8.1、数据库简介及本笔记包含内容概要
8.2、MYSQL5.7安装部署三种方法及自动源码安装脚本
8.3、实战--MYSQL破解密码

实验环境：
服务器1：node1 IP：192.168.56.11 作用：yum安装数据库5.7.31
服务器2：node2 IP：192.168.56.12 作用：预编译安装数据库5.7.31
服务器3：node3 IP：192.168.56.13 作用：源码安装数据库5.7.31
服务器4：node4 IP：192.168.56.14 作用：yum安装数据库5.5后破解密码

正文部分：
8.1、数据库简介及本笔记包含内容概要
8.1.1、数据库简介
1、数据库管理三个历史阶段
1）人工管理阶段
2）文件夹式管理阶段
3）数据库管理阶段
历史仅仅是历史，只是一个经历的过程
2、数据库的构成
1）DBMS：数据库管理系统，也就是管理数据库的各个软件
A：用二维表作为存储格式的数据库管理系统：ORACLE/SQL SERVER/MYSQL/DB2等
B：用key-values作为存储格式的数据库管理系统：REDIS/,MONOGDB/MEMCACHE等
2）DBA：管理数据库的专业人员
3、SQL语言分类--结构化查询语言，也是数据库最常用语言
1）DDL：数据库定义语言--数据库中库、表、索引等创建、删除等操作：CREATE DROP ALTER
2）DML：数据库操作语言--数据库中对数据的增（insert）、删（delete）、改（update）操作
3）DQL：数据库查询语言--数据库对数据各种查询的操作（select）
4）DCL：数据库控制语言--数据库权限等管理（grant/revoke）
4、本笔记包含内容概要
1）安装与部署
2）备份恢复
3）主从复制
4）分布式数据库（Galera Cluster for MySQL ）
5）读写分离
6）HA架构（MHA）
7）性能优化
8）Redis群集实现
9）MONOGDB群集实现
个人心得：数据库学习不易，且练且提高

8.2、MYSQL5.7安装部署三种方法
8.2.1：Yum二进制安装数据库5.7.31并初始化
需要文件：mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
1、查询本机是否有mariadb或mysql，如果有卸载
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# ip addr |grep inet
inet 192.168.56.11/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global ens32
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
2、下载相关rpm文件，名称为：mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# ll
total 40
-rw-------. 1 root root 1583 Jun 11 17:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25548 Apr 7 2017 mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 24
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jun 11 17:55 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1627 Apr 5 2017 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1663 Apr 5 2017 mysql-community-source.repo

[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast

[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum repolist all |grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 165
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 115
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 444
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - disabled
最后一列为enabled在yum 安装的时候才能用，如果想调整可以参考下面的步骤操作
扩展小知识点：
假如我想安装mysql5.6：yum-config-manager引入处理
如果没有的话，可以安装下：
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum -y install yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch

[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum repolist all |grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 165
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 115
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server enabled: 547
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 444
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server disabled
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - disabled
由此可以看到mysql56-community第三列已经从disabled-->enabled
如果想取消则用：
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql56-community
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server.x86_64
[root@centos7-node1 ~]#systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-07-16T06:48:59.154140Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 565VWlcoqY>3
说明：565VWlcoqY>3 这个是数据库启动临时使用的密码
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'565VWlcoqY>3' -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.31
然后用这个临时生成的密码就登录成功了，看一下有哪些数据库吧
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
结果有这样的错误提示，说明必须要重新修改一下密码哟，于是乎做以下操作：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '2wsx!QAZ';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql>exit;
退出后用新密码重新登录
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
小知识点：
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
除了修改密码为：no 外其他一路Y下去
（1）Remove anonymous users：删除临时用户
（2）Disallow root login remotely：不许可root远程设置
（3）Remove test database and access to it：删除临时表
（4）Reload privilege tables now：重启加载相关权限
[root@centos7-node1 ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2908/mysqld

8.2.1：二进制预编译安装数据库5.7.31并初始化--常用
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# ip addr |grep inet
inet 192.168.56.12/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global ens32
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# yum -y install libaio gcc gcc-c++
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# ll
total 677464
-rw-------. 1 root root 1583 Jun 11 17:29 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 693708288 Jul 16 12:48 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@centos7-node2 local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
以下进行初始化操作
[root@centos7-node2 local]# cd mysql
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#mkdir mysql-files
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#chmod 750 mysql-files/
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2020-07-16T07:51:58.708657Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
……
2020-07-16T07:52:01.905219Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a1iVw,PhfZLA
说明：
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a1iVw,PhfZLA
初始化后，生成这个初始化密码：a1iVw,PhfZLA，第一次登录用到
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chown -R mysql data mysql-files
修改/etc/my.cnf内容如下：
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
加入服务中，以便开机自启动
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7-node2.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2202 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 4981/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::: LISTEN 5803/mysqld
如果不进行以下两步操作，直接执行mysql命令会出现“command not found”的错误提示
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# source /etc/profile
也可以通过systemctl管理：
[root@centos7-node2 ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]#systemctl restart mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2202 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 4981/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::: LISTEN 27977/mysqld

[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'a1iVw,PhfZLA' -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '2wsx!QAZ';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql>exit;
退出后用新密码重新登录
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
同样也可以用：mysql_secure_installation优化一下

实战1：重新初始化安装数据库--如版本升级等情况
（1）备份好重要数据
用mysqldump来备份数据库
（2）重新初始化数据库
A、停止数据库服务
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
B、删除data目录
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
C、重新初始化
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
注意：此处会重新生成密码
root@centos7-node2 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@centos7-node2 mysql]# chown -R mysql data mysql-files
D、参考上面的笔记进行优化

参考链接表示对作者的感谢如下：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43453367/article/details/107125619?%3E
CentOS7源码mysql-5.7.30自动安装脚本（亲测）

8.2.3：源码安装数据库5.7.31并初始化
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# ip addr |grep inet
inet 192.168.56.13/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global ens32
[root@centos7-node3 ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache fast
1、安装源友安装依赖包
解决mysql依赖
[root@centos7-node3 ~]#yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison ncurses ncurses-devel libaio git openssl openssl-devel -y
源码安装boost
[root@centos7-node3 ~]#cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos7-node3 src]#wget -c http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@centos7-node3 src]#tar -zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@centos7-node3 src]# mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost
下载源码mysql
[root@centos7-node3 src]#wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz
[root@centos7-node3 src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz
[root@centos7-node3 src]# cd mysql-5.7.31/
[root@centos7-node3 mysql-5.7.31]# groupadd mysql
[root@centos7-node3 mysql-5.7.31]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@centos7-node3 mysql-5.7.31]# cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
[root@centos7-node3 ~]#make –j 4 && make install
[root@centos7-node3 ~]#echo $?
[root@centos7-node3 mysql-5.7.31]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]#pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2020-07-17T02:21:57.602140Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use
…….
2020-07-17T02:21:59.466668Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: zE4tudb0注意：此处会重新生成密码
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# chown -R mysql data mysql-files
修改/etc/my.cnf内容如下：
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
加入服务中，以便正常启动
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/centos7-node2.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2202 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 4981/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 ::: LISTEN 5803/mysqld
如果不进行以下两步操作，直接执行mysql命令会出现“command not found”的错误提示
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@centos7-node3 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'a1iVw,PhfZLA' -A
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '2wsx!QAZ';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql>exit;
2、其他部分参考上面的笔记进行优化
8.2.4：脚本自动化安装源码安装数据库5.7.31并初始化
#!/bin/bash
#written by wangtao

2020-07-17-10:06:00

################################

echo "安装基本工具"
yum install -y vim wget curl tar
echo "国内ali源、epel源"
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-aliyun.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache fast

echo "解决mysql依赖"
yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison ncurses ncurses-devel libaio git openssl openssl-devel -y

echo "安装源码boost"
cd /usr/local/src
wget -c http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
tar -zxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost

echo "下载源码mysql"
cd /usr/local/src
wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz
tar -zxf mysql-5.7.31.tar.gz

echo"新建用户"
groupadd mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

echo "预编译"
cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.31
cmake . \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
echo $?
echo "编译"
make -j 2
echo $?
echo "安装"
make install
echo $?

echo "数据目录授权"
cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chown -R mysql.mysql .
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

echo "拷贝源码目录的脚本文件"
cd /usr/local/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

echo "创建my.cnf配置文件"
cat >/etc/my.cnf<[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
EOF

echo "启动停止mysql数据库"
service mysqld start

#查看mysqld服务；
netstat -antp | grep mysqld
if(( $?==0 ));then echo "mysqld启动成功";else echo "mysqld启动失败";fi

实战3：破解mysql管理员root用户密码
对于MYSQL或MARIADB所有版本操作步骤如下：
1）停止mysqld服务
systemctl stop mysqld 或 systemctl stop mariadb
2）在配置文件中[mysqld]中添加如下一行
skip-grant-tables
3）重启mysqld服务
systemctl start mysqld 或 systemctl start mariadb
4）用相关语句重新设置密码
[root@node-11 ~]# mysql -u root --此时不用密码就可以登录
1、MYSQL或MARIADB 5.7.5及以前版本
MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version() |
+----------------+
| 5.5.65-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set password=password('2wsx!QAZ') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
2、如果是MYSQL或MARIADB 5.7.6及以上版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.31 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | A62C54DF313CE4999C38873B2FFBED2603ADEB83 |
| mysql.session | localhost | THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('2wsx!QAZ') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
5）删除掉在配置文件中[mysqld]中的skip-grant-tables这一行
6）重启数据库服务：
systemctl restart mysqld 或 systemctl restart mariadb
7）用新设置的密码登录