考研写作核心词汇

环境保护类

生态环境保护

  1. 环境保护
    提高环保意识 enhance environmental awareness
    环境保护 environmental protection
    保持生态系统 keep ecological balance
    生态系统 ecosystem
    自然保护区 nature reserve
    可持续发展战略 sustainable development strategy
    宜人的生活环境 pleasant living environment
  2. 节能减排
    节能(节约能源) save energy
    减排(减少温室气体排放) reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
    降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation
    环保产品 environment-friendly products
    全球变暖 global warming
    低碳经济 low carbon economy
    清洁可再生能源 clean renewable energy
    核能 nuclear energy
    太阳能 solar energy
    大功率电器 high-power electrical appliance
    二氧化碳 carbon dioxide
    气候变化 climate change

环境恶化

  1. 环境恶化
    环境恶化 environmental deterioration
    乱砍滥伐 deforestation
    防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation
    水土流失 water and soil erosion
    沙漠化 desertification
    人口增长 population growth
    野生动物保护 wildlife protection
    濒危物种 endangered species
    野生物种 wild species
    商业捕鱼 commercial fishing
    过度捕捞 overfishing
    过度开发 reckless exploitation
  2. 自然灾害
    自然灾害 natural disasters
    大灾难 catastrophe
    破坏性灾难性地震 destructive and disastrous earthquake
    沙尘暴 sandstorm
    沙丘 sand dune/hill
    旱灾 drought
    水灾 flood
    雪灾 snowstorm

环境污染

  1. 环境治理
    污染者负担的政策 “the-polluters-pay” policy
    执法检查 law enforcement inspection
    限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time
  2. 白色污染
    白色污染 white pollution
    限制使用一次性塑料袋 limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags
    可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags
    一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks
  3. 垃圾处理
    乱扔垃圾 litter
    垃圾分类 garbage classification
    丢弃 throw, discard
    垃圾 trash, rubbish, garbage
    城市垃圾无害处理 decontamination of urban refuse
    三废 three types of wastes(waste water, waste gas, solid waster)
    工业废弃物 industrial waste
  4. 空气污染
    空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration
    汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust
    尾气净化器 exhaust purifier
    无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline
    天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles
    电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles
    小排量汽车 small-engine vehicles
    工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharge
    烟尘排放 soot emissions
    矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气) fossil fuels(coal, oil and natural gas)

教育文化类

教育

  1. 学位
    学士 bachelor’s degree
    硕士 master’s degree
    博士 doctor’s degree
    获得学位 acquire degree
    文科 arts
    理科 science
    文学硕士 Master of Arts(MA)
    理学硕士 Master of Science(MS)
    工商管理硕士 Master of Business Administration(MBA)
    公共管理硕士 Master of Public Administration(MPA)
    工程硕士 Master of Engineering(ME)
    会计硕士 Master of Professional Accounting(MPAcc)
    金融硕士 Master of Science in Finance(MSF)
  2. 学校
    幼儿园 nursery/kindergarten
    小学 primary/elementary school
    中学 middle school
    综合性大学 university
    学院 institute
    高等教育 higher education
    大学生 college/university students
    大学毕业生 college/university graduates
    商学院 business school
    法学院 law school
    研究生院 graduate school
    教授 professor
    全体教师 faculty
    系 department
    major 专业
    教学设施 teaching facilities
    食堂 dining hall
    宿舍 dormitory
    选修课 elective/optional course
    学杂费 tuition fees and other expenses
  3. 教育
    终身教育 life-long education
    素质教育 education for all-round development
    义务教育 compulsory education
    应试教育 exam-oriented education
    成人教育 adult education
    理论知识 theoretical knowledge
    实践技能 practical skills
    信息时代 information era
    知识爆炸时代 era of knowledge explosion
    影响学习成绩 affect school achievements
    逃课 skip classes
    学习成绩 academic performance
    学习氛围 academic atmosphere
    开阔眼界 broaden one’s horizon
    激发兴趣 stimulate one’s interest
    开发潜能 tap one’s potential
    (学生)减负 reduce study load
    文理分科 separation between liberal arts and science
    放松的大学生活 relaxing college life
  4. 招生就业
    招生 recruitment
    录取 enrollment
    申请入学 apply for admission to/into…
    高考 College Entrance Examination
    考研 National Entrance Test for MA/MS Candidates
    就业市场 job market
    雇主 employer
    雇员 employee
    职业培训 vocational training

文化

  1. 文化交流
    文化交流 cultural exchange
    文化融合 cultural blending/integration
    传统中国文化 traditional Chinese culture
    儒家 Confucianism
    佛家 Buddhism
    道家 Daoism/Taoism
    京剧 Peking Opera
    中国书法 Chinese calligraphy
    西方文化 western cultures
    启蒙运动 Enlightenment
    人本主义 humanism
    后现代主义 post-modernism
    多元文化 multi-cultures, pluralistic/mosaic cultures
    文化多元化 cultural diversity
    保存珍惜 preserve and cherish
    取其精华,去其糟粕 absorb its essence and resist its dark side
    积极促进文化发展 promote cultural development positively
    辉煌灿烂的文化遗产 splendid and glorious cultural heritage/legacy/relics
    与时俱进 keep pace with times
    跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication
    文化差异 cultural differences
    文化传统 cultural traditions
    人类文明 human civilization
    精神文明 spiritual civilization
    主流文化 mainstream culture
    解读经典 interpretation of classics
  2. 流行文化
    流行文化 popular culture
    电视广告泛滥 the pervasive advertisement on TV
    偶像崇拜 idol worship
    上网成瘾 web/Internet addiction
    虚拟生活 virtual life
    网上交流 making friends online
    网聊 chatting on the Internet
    网络谣言 online gossip
    网上购物 online shopping
    网络监管 the Internet supervision
    网络暴力 the Internet violence
    不负责的言论 irresponsible remarks
    购买彩票 buy lottery tickets
    网络游戏 online games
    数码产品 digital products
    手机短信 text message
    垃圾短信 junk message
    手机入网 mobile phone subscription

人生哲理类

  1. 独立
    自立 self-dependence
    溺爱 dote, spoil
    独生子女 only child
    激烈竞争 fierce competition
    啃老族 boomerang kids, NEET(Not currently engaged in Education, Employment or Training)
    不劳而获 reap without sowing
  2. 坚持
    不断努力 make constant efforts
    决不放弃 never give up
    决不停止进步 never stop making progress
    获得成功 achieve success
    创新 innovation
    勤奋 diligence
    奋斗精神 striving spirit
    人生观 outlook of life
    世界观 world outlook
    恒心 perseverance
    耐心 patience
  3. 信心
    自信 self-confidence
    谦虚 modesty
    缺乏自信 lack of confidence
    高估困难 exaggerate/overestimate difficulties
    低估能力 underestimate one’s abilities
  4. 合作
    团队合作 teamwork
    团队精神 team spirit
    与他人合作 cooperate with others
    齐心协力/众志成城 joint/cooperative efforts
    互相帮助 help each other
  5. 乐观
    保持乐观 keep optimistic
    悲观 pessimism
    悲观的 pessimistic
    积极态度 positive attitude
    仁慈 benevolence

社会热点类

健康

生理健康 physical health
心理健康 mental/psychological health/fitness
健康问题 health concern
亚健康 sub-health
公共卫生 public health
心态 state of mind
体育锻炼 physical exercises
均衡饮食 well-balance diet
垃圾食品 junk food
减肥/节食 go on a diet
提供医疗服务 provide medical services
牺牲健康 sacrifice health
短期经济利益 short-term economic benefits
全面禁烟 total tobacco ban
疾病 illness/disease
慢性病 chronic disease
传染病 infectious disease
癌症 cancer
医疗体制改革 reform of medical system

两代关系

代沟 generation gap
弥合差距 bridge the gap
相互理解 mutual understanding
误解 misunderstanding
照顾 care, take care of, look after
虐待 mistreat, maltreat, ill-treat
老龄化社会 aging society
人口老龄化 population aging
老年人 old/aged people, the old/aged/elders/elderly, senior citizens
奉行孝道 practice filial piety

社会公德

公德 public morality
传统美德 traditional virtues
责任 duty/responsibility
责任感 sense of responsibility
承担责任 shoulder/assume/undertake one’s duties/responsibilities
逃避责任 avoid/shirk/shun one’s duties/responsibilities
奉献 devote/dedicate; devotion/dedication
无私奉献 selfless devotion
信任危机 the crisis of trust
公德堕落 the corruption of public morality
道德缺失 the lack of moral sense
不道德行为 immoral behaviors
希望工程 Project Hope
中国红十字会 China Red Cross Foundation
慈善 charity
捐款 donate/donation
贫困乡村地区 poor rural areas
入学 start schooling
辍学 drop out of school
完成学业 finish school
尊老爱幼 to respect the old and care for the young
随地吐痰 spit everywhere
大声喧哗 make noise, talk loudly

职业道德

空洞承诺 empty promise
虚假承诺 false promise
伪劣产品 fake commodities
欺诈行为 dishonest behaviors
诚信 honesty
学术腐败 academic corruption
剽窃抄袭 plagiarism
食品安全 food safety
工程质量 construction quality
地沟油 drainage oil
毒奶粉 poisonous milk powder
食品添加剂 food additives
过度上涨 excessive growth
非法广告 illegal ads
不公平竞争 unfair competitions
争抢利益 compete for benefits
治标不治本 address symptoms but not root causes
管理部门 administration department
监管部门 supervision department
商家 merchant
厂家 manufacturer
企业经营者 enterprise operator
有关当局 authorities concerned
收受贿赂 take bribes
漠视法律 disregard of laws
推卸责任 shift the blame onto…
消费者权益 consumers’ rights and interests
伪专家 unqualified experts
公正有效地履行职责 perform one’s tasks fairly and effectively
提供礼貌热情的服务 provide polite and hospitable services
腐败现象 corruption phenomenon

交通

公交专用车道 bus lane
(机动车)单双号限行 odd-and-even license plate rule
早晚高峰 morning and evening peak
交通拥堵 traffic jam/congestion, heavy traffic
交通高峰期 rush hour
公共交通线路网 public transport network
尾号限行 traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers
交通管制 traffic control
无车日 car-free day
交通事故 traffic accidents
私家车 private cars
发展公共交通 develop public transport
醉驾 drunk drive
酒后驾车 drive under the influence of alcohol
司机 driver
行人 pedestrian

经济管理

经济危机 economic crisis, financial crisis, financial turmoil, financial meltdown
经济不景气 recession, bleeding economy, depression, sluggish economy
失业 lose one’s job, be unemployed, be redundant
失业加剧 job losses mount, unemployment climb
失业人数 unemployment
找工作 seek employment
找工作者 job seeker
严峻的就业形势 a tough job market
信心下滑 confidence slump
经济复苏 economic recovery
经济危机的影响 the crisis’ fallout
应对危机 face the crisis, meet the crisis, fight crisis
重建信心 confidence reconstruction
遏制衰退 contain declines
减缓衰退 slow down declines
安居工程 affordable/comfortable housing project
成本削减 cost-cutting
创造新的就业 generate new employment
刺激消费 stimulate consumer spending
恢复 revive, recovery, turnaround
积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy
减少裁员 refrain from laying off employees
减员 cut the salaried work force
结构调整 structural adjustment
经济刺激方案 stimulus package, stimulus plan
就业指导 career guidance
扩大内需 propel/drive/expand domestic demand
基础设施建设 infrastructure construction
减免税收 tax relief
实行节约 practice economy
适度宽松的货币政策 moderately loose monetary policy
政府紧急援助 government bailout
政府做某事的决心 government’s vow to do sth
市场经济体制 the market economy system
经济全球化 economic globalization
国际经济组织 international economic organization
科技进步 advancements in science and technology
跨国公司 multinationals
私营企业 private enterprise
汽车产业 automobile industry
房地产业 real estate industry
电信产业 telecommunication industry
国产品牌 domestic/national/Chinese brand
市场份额 market share/portion
公司 company/corporation
企业 enterprise
员工 staff/personnel
工作满意度 job satisfaction
工作压力 work/working pressure
提高福利待遇 improve welfare and treatment
吸引外资 attract foreign investment
法律保护 legal protection
深远的社会影响 profound social and economic impact
改革开放 the reform and opening-up
社会保障体系 social security system
失业 unemployment
住房问题 housing problem
公用基础设施 public infrastructure
摩天大楼 Skyscraper
可持续的城市发展 sustainable urban development
城市化 urbanization

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