python中的有序字典及其使用方法

有序字典和通常字典类似,只是它可以记录元素插入其中的顺序,而一般字典是会以任意的顺序迭代的。

 

1、普通字典:

d1={}
d1['a']='A'
d1['b']='B'
d1['c']='C'
d1['d']='D'   #此时的d1 = {'a':'A','b':'B','c':'C','d':'D'}
for k,v in d1.items():
   print k,v

 

输出结果为:

a A
c C
b B
d D

由上面的结果可以看出对普通字典进行遍历,输出结果是无序的。

2、有序字典(需要导入collections包):

import collections
d1={}
d1=collections.OrderedDict()  #将普通字典转换为有序字典
d1['a']='A'
d1['b']='B'
d1['c']='C'
d1['d']='D'
for k,v in d1.items():
    print k,v

输出结果为:

 a A
 b B
 c C
 d D

对比两种输出结果,不难发现,有序字典可以按字典中元素的插入顺序来输出

上面两个例子之所以字典中插入元素,而不是一开始就将字典中的元素定义好,是因为有序字典的作用只是记住元素插入顺序并按顺序输出。

如果有序字典中的元素一开始就定义好了,后面没有插入元素这一动作,那么遍历有序字典,其输出结果为空,因为缺少了有序插入这一条件,所以此时有序字典就失去了作用,所以有序字典一般用于动态添加并需要按添加顺序输出的时候

举例说明:

import collections
d2 = {'a':'A','b':'B','c':'C','d':'D'}
d2=collections.OrderedDict()  #将普通字典转换为有序字典
for k,v in d2.items():
    print k,v

其输出结果为空。

3、有序字典使用方法

创建有序字典

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'

print(dic)
#输出:OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3')])

clear(清空有序字典)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic.clear()

print(dic)
#输出:OrderedDict()

copy(拷贝)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
new_dic = dic.copy()

print(new_dic)
#输出:OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])

fromkeys(指定一个列表,把列表中的值作为字典的key,生成一个字典)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

name = ['tom','lucy','sam']
print(dic.fromkeys(name))
print(dic.fromkeys(name,20))
#输出:OrderedDict([('tom', None), ('lucy', None), ('sam', None)])
#     OrderedDict([('tom', 20), ('lucy', 20), ('sam', 20)])

items(返回由“键值对组成元素“的列表)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'

print(dic.items())
#输出:odict_items([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])

keys(获取字典所有的key)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'

print(dic.keys())
# 输出:odict_keys(['k1', 'k2'])

move_to_end(指定一个key,把对应的key-value移到最后)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'
dic.move_to_end('k1')

print(dic)

# 输出:OrderedDict([('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3'), ('k1', 'v1')])

pop(获取指定key的value,并在字典中删除)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'
k = dic.pop('k2')

print(k,dic) 
# 输出:v2 OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k3', 'v3')])

popitem(按照后进先出原则,删除最后加入的元素,返回key-value)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'

print(dic.popitem(),dic)
print(dic.popitem(),dic)
# 输出:('k3', 'v3') OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2')])
#      ('k2', 'v2') OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1')])

setdefault(获取指定key的value,如果key不存在,则创建)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'
val = dic.setdefault('k5')

print(val,dic)
# 输出:None OrderedDict([('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('k3', 'v3'), ('k5', None)])

values(获取字典所有的value,返回一个列表)

import collections

dic = collections.OrderedDict()

dic['k1'] = 'v1'
dic['k2'] = 'v2'
dic['k3'] = 'v3'

print(dic.values())

# 输出:odict_values(['v1', 'v2', 'v3'])

以上就是python 有序字典使用方法的详细内容。

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