IntentService

IntentService,可以看做是Service和HandlerThread的结合体,在完成了使命之后会自动停止,适合需要在工作线程处理UI无关任务的场景。

  • IntentService 是继承自 Service 并处理异步请求的一个类,在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作。
  • 当任务执行完后,IntentService 会自动停止,不需要我们去手动结束。
  • 如果启动 IntentService 多次,那么每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在 IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行,依次去执行,使用串行的方式,执行完自动结束。

例子
    下面是一个例子,点击开始启动一个IntentService去更新进度条,更新完毕IntentService会自动结束。如果多次点击开始,就会执行多遍,多遍执行完之后IntentService才会执行onDestroy方法。

IntentService_第1张图片

image.png

 

IntentService:

package com.bourne.android_common.ServiceDemo;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;

import com.bourne.common_library.utils.Logout;

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {

    /**
     * 是否正在运行
     */
    private boolean isRunning;

    /**
     *进度
     */
    private int count;

    /**
     * 广播
     */
    private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;

    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService");
        Logout.e("MyIntentService");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Logout.e("onCreate");
        mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        Logout.e("onHandleIntent");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            isRunning = true;
            count = 0;
            while (isRunning) {
                count++;
                if (count >= 100) {
                    isRunning = false;
                }
                Thread.sleep(50);
                sendThreadStatus("线程运行中...", count);
            }

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送进度消息
     */
    private void sendThreadStatus(String status, int progress) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(IntentServiceActivity.ACTION_TYPE_THREAD);
        intent.putExtra("status", status);
        intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
        mLocalBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Logout.e("线程结束运行..." + count);
    }
}

启动之后会先执行构造方法,然后执行onCreate方法,再到onHandleIntent方法。在onHandleIntent让进度自增,每次自增睡眠50ms并向Activity发送广播并传递进度的数据。

IntentServiceActivity:

package com.bourne.android_common.ServiceDemo;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.bourne.android_common.R;

import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.OnClick;

public class IntentServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    /**
     * 状态文字
     */
    @BindView(R.id.tv_status)
    TextView tv_status;

    /**
     * 进度文字
     */
    @BindView(R.id.tv_progress)
    TextView tv_progress;

    /**
     * 进度条
     */
    @BindView(R.id.progressbar)
    ProgressBar progressbar;

    private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;
    private MyBroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver;
    public final static String ACTION_TYPE_THREAD = "action.type.thread";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_service);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);

        //注册广播
        mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
        mBroadcastReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_TYPE_THREAD);
        mLocalBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter);

        initView();
    }

    public void initView() {
        tv_status.setText("线程状态:未运行");
        progressbar.setMax(100);
        progressbar.setProgress(0);
        tv_progress.setText("0%");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //注销广播
        mLocalBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
    }

    public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            switch (intent.getAction()) {

                case ACTION_TYPE_THREAD:
                    //更改UI
                    int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
                    tv_status.setText("线程状态:" + intent.getStringExtra("status"));
                    progressbar.setProgress(progress);
                    tv_progress.setText(progress + "%");
                    if (progress >= 100) {
                        tv_status.setText("线程结束");
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    @OnClick({R.id.btn_start})
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_start:
                Intent intent = new Intent(IntentServiceActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
                startService(intent);
                break;
        }
    }
}

点击开始按钮,会启动MyIntentService。mLocalBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter)注册广播,接收广播消息和数据,并时刻更改进度条进度。

注册MyIntentService

      
      

** IntentService源码分析**

package android.app;

import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}

IntentService继承自Service,内部有一个HandlerThread对象。

在onCreate的时候会创建一个HandlerThread对象,并启动线程。紧接着创建ServiceHandler对象,ServiceHandler继承自Handler,用来处理消息。ServiceHandler将获取HandlerThread的Looper就可以开始正常工作了。

每启动一次onStart方法,就会把数消息和数据发给mServiceHandler,相当于发送了一次Message消息给HandlerThread的消息队列。mServiceHandler会把数据传个onHandleIntent方法,onHandleIntent是个抽象方法,需要在IntentService实现,所以每次onStart方法之后都会调用我们自己写的onHandleIntent方法去处理。处理完毕使用stopSelf通知HandlerThread已经处理完毕,HandlerThread继续观察消息队列,如果还有未执行玩的message则继续执行,否则结束。

启动 IntentService 为什么不需要新建线程?
IntentService内部的HandlerThread 继承自 Thread,内部封装了 Looper,在这里新建线程并启动,所以启动 IntentService 不需要新建线程。

为什么不建议通过 bindService() 启动 IntentService?

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    return null;
}

IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null;不适合 bindService() 启动服务,如果你执意要 bindService() 来启动 IntentService,可能因为你想通过 Binder 或 Messenger 使得 IntentService 和 Activity 可以通信,这样那么 onHandleIntent() 不会被回调,相当于在你使用 Service 而不是 IntentService。


为什么多次启动 IntentService 会顺序执行事件,停止服务后,后续的事件得不到执行?

@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
    Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
    msg.arg1 = startId;
    msg.obj = intent;
    mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    mServiceLooper.quit();
}

IntentService 中使用的 Handler、Looper、MessageQueue 机制把消息发送到线程中去执行的,所以多次启动 IntentService 不会重新创建新的服务和新的线程,只是把消息加入消息队列中等待执行,而如果服务停止,会清除消息队列中的消息,后续的事件得不到执行。



作者:Winterfell_Z
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/be97093783d6
来源:简书

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